A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

World Psychiatry - Tập 19 Số 3 - Trang 360-380 - 2020
Joseph Firth1,2, Marco Solmi3, Robyn E. Wootton4, Davy Vancampfort5,6, Felipe Barreto Schuch7, Erin Hoare8, Simon Gilbody9, John Torous10, Scott Teasdale11, Sarah E. Jackson12, Lee Smith13, Melissa Eaton2, Felice N. Jacka14, Nicola Veronese15, Wolfgang Marx14, Garcia Ashdown‐Franks16,17,18, Dan Siskind19,20, Jerome Sarris21,2, Simon Rosenbaum11, André F. Carvalho22,23, Brendon Stubbs17,18
1Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
2NICM Health Research Institute Western -Sydney University Westmead NSW Australia
3Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
4MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
5KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
6University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
7Department of Sports Methods and -Techniques Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
8UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit University of -Cambridge Cambridge UK
9Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK
10Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Canter Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
11School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW -Australia
12Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
13Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences Anglia Ruskin University -Cambridge UK
14Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT – Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
15Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
16Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
17Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
18South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
19Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
20School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
21Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne, The Melbourne Clinic Melbourne VIC Australia
22Centre for Addiction & Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
23Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Tóm tắt

There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how “lifestyle factors” traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well‐being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta‐review of the top‐tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta‐analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta‐reviews, and two meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non‐pharmacological sleep‐focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.

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World Psychiatry

Tập 19 Số 3

360-380

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