A hybrid method for quantifying China's nitrogen footprint during urbanisation from 1990 to 2009

Ahrens, 2010, Narrowing the agronomic yield gap with improved nitrogen use efficiency: a modeling approach, Ecol. Appl., 20, 91, 10.1890/08-0611.1 Allan, 1994, Overall perspectives on countries and regions, 65 Bakshi, 2011, Saving the carbon cycle are we ruining the nitrogen cycle? Understanding the carbon-nitrogen nexus via ecologically-based life cycle assessment, 30 Bouwman, 1998, Global use and trade of feedstuffs and consequences for the nitrogen cycle, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 52, 261, 10.1023/A:1009763706114 Bouwman, 2005, Exploring changes in world ruminant production systems, Agric. Syst., 84, 121, 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.05.006 Brunner, 2009, Substance flow analysis, J. Ind. Ecol., 13, 11, 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00083.x Burke, 2009, A global model tracking water, nitrogen, and land inputs and virtual transfers from industrialized meat production and trade, Environ. Model. Assess., 14, 179, 10.1007/s10666-008-9149-3 Cassman, 2003, Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 28, 315, 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.040202.122858 Cucek, 2011, Overview of footprints and relations between carbon and nitrogen footprints, 25, 923 Cucek, 2012, A review of footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability, J. Clean. Prod., 34, 9, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.036 Cui, 2013, Centennial-scale analysis on the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen in China (1910–2010), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110, 2052, 10.1073/pnas.1221638110 de Vries, 2010, Comparing environmental impacts for livestock products: a review of life cycle assessments, Livest. Sci., 128, 1, 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.11.007 EPD, 2004 Fan, 1997, Why projections on China's future food supply and demand differ, Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ., 41, 169, 10.1111/1467-8489.00009 FAO, 2011 Fischer, 2010, Integrated modeling framework for assessment and mitigation of nitrogen pollution from agriculture: concept and case study for China, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 136, 116, 10.1016/j.agee.2009.12.004 Galli, 2012, Integrating ecological, carbon and water footprint into a “footprint family” of indicators: definition and role in tracking human pressure on the planet, Ecol. Indic., 16, 100, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.017 Galloway, 2008, Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions, Science, 320, 889, 10.1126/science.1136674 Grote, 2005, Nutrient flows in international trade: ecology and policy issues, Environ. Sci. Pol., 8, 439, 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.05.001 Gruber, 2008, An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle, Nature, 451, 293, 10.1038/nature06592 Gu, 2012, Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China: sources, recent trends, and damage costs, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9420, 10.1021/es301446g Gu, 2013, Nitrogen footprint in China: food, energy, and nonfood goods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 9217, 10.1021/es401344h Gu, 2013, Rapid growth of industrial nitrogen fluxes in China: driving forces and consequences, Sci. China-Earth Sci., 56, 662, 10.1007/s11430-012-4556-3 Gu, 2013, Nitrate in groundwater of China: sources and driving forces, Glob. Environ. Chang., 23, 1112, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.004 Hendrickson, 1998, Economic input-output models for environmental life-cycle assessment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 184a, 10.1021/es983471i Hertwich, 2009, Carbon footprint of nations: a global, trade-linked analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6414, 10.1021/es803496a Hoekstra, 2007, Water footprints of nations: water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern, Water Resour. Manag., 21, 35, 10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x Hubacek, 2009, Environmental implications of urbanization and lifestyle change in China: ecological and water footprints, J. Clean. Prod., 17, 1241, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.03.011 Ingersent, 2003, World agriculture: towards 2015/2030 — an FAO perspective, J. Agric. Econ., 54, 513 Ju, 2009, Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106, 3041, 10.1073/pnas.0813417106 Leach, 2012, A nitrogen footprint model to help consumers understand their role in nitrogen losses to the environment, Environ. Dev., 1, 40, 10.1016/j.envdev.2011.12.005 Leontief, 1936, Quantitative input and output relations in the economic systems of the United States, Rev. Econ. Stat., 18, 105, 10.2307/1927837 Leontief, 1953 Leontief, 1970, Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach, Rev. Econ. Stat., 262, 10.2307/1926294 Leontief, 1986 Leontief, 1972, Air pollution and the economic structure: empirical results of input-output computations, 9 Leontief, 1963, Multiregional input-output analysis Li, 2013, Effects of urbanization on arable land requirements in China, based on food consumption patterns, Food Secur., 5, 439, 10.1007/s12571-013-0265-9 Liu, 2010, A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 8035, 10.1073/pnas.0913658107 Liu, 2013, Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China, Nature, 494, 459, 10.1038/nature11917 Liu, 2013, Food losses and waste in China and their implication for water and land, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 10137, 10.1021/es401426b Ma, 2008, China's changing energy intensity trend: a decomposition analysis, Energy Econ., 30, 1037, 10.1016/j.eneco.2007.05.005 Ma, 2010, Modeling nutrient flows in the food chain of China, J. Environ. Qual., 39, 1279, 10.2134/jeq2009.0403 Machado, 2001, Energy and carbon embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input-output approach, Ecol. Econ., 39, 409, 10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00230-0 Meier, 2013, Environmental impacts of dietary recommendations and dietary styles: Germany as an example, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 877, 10.1021/es302152v Mekonnen, 2012, A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products, Ecosystems, 15, 401, 10.1007/s10021-011-9517-8 NADP, 2000 Naylor, 2005, Losing the links between livestock and land, Science, 310, 1621, 10.1126/science.1117856 NBS, 1991 NBS, 1991 Oita, 2016, Substantial nitrogen pollution embedded in international trade, Nat. Geosci., 9, 111, 10.1038/ngeo2635 Parfitt, 2010, Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 365, 3065, 10.1098/rstb.2010.0126 Perkins, 2009, Transnational linkages and the spillover of environment-efficiency into developing countries, Glob. Environ. Chang. Hum. Policy Dimens., 19, 375, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.05.003 Qin, 2012, Urbanizaiton affects water and nitrogen use efficiencies in food China, Agro Environ. Wagening. Reijnders, 2003, Quantification of the environmental impact of different dietary protein choices, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 78, 664s, 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.664S Roy, 2009, A review of life cycle assessment (LCA) on some food products, J. Food Eng., 90, 1, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.016 Schmitz, 2012, Trading more food: implications for land use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the food system, Glob. Environ. Chang. Hum. Policy Dimens., 22, 189, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.013 Tuan, 2004 Turner, 2007, Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities — part 1: a technical note on combining input-output and ecological footprint analysis, Ecol. Econ., 62, 37, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.002 UNDP, 1990, 10.18356/7007ef44-en UNEP/SETAC, 2009 Vitousek, 1997, Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences, Ecol. Appl., 7, 737 Vitousek, 2009, Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development, Science, 324, 1519, 10.1126/science.1170261 Wickham, 2002, Geographic targeting of increases in nutrient export due to future urbanization, Ecol. Appl., 12, 93, 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0093:GTOIIN]2.0.CO;2 WTO, 2010 Xue, 2010, Eutrophication potential of food consumption patterns, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6450, 10.1021/es9034478