A global carbon assimilation system using a modified ensemble Kalman filter
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Boden, T. A., Marland, G., and Andres, R. J.: Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2011, 2011.
Burgers, G., Jan van Leeuwen, P., and Evensen, G.: Analysis Scheme in the Ensemble Kalman Filter, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1719–1724, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)1262.0.co;2, 1998.
Chen, J. M., Liu, J., Cihlar, J., and Goulden, M. L.: Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications, Ecol. Model., 124, 99–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00156-8, 1999.
Desroziers, G., Berre, L., Chapnik, B., and Poli, P.: Diagnosis of observation, background and analysis-error statistics in observation space, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 3385–3396, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.108, 2005.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
Enting, I. G.: Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2002.
Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Pak, B. C., Baker, D., Bousquet, P., Bruhwiler, L., Chen, Y. H., Ciais, P., Fung, I. Y., Heimann, M., John, J., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S., Peylin, P., Prather, M., and Taguchi, S.: Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB1010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002111, 2004.
Ide, K., Courtier, P., Ghil, M., and Lorenc, A. C.: Unified notation for data assimilation: Operational, sequential and variational, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 75, 181–189, 1997.
Jacobson, A. R., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Gruber, N., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gloor, M.: A joint atmosphere-ocean inversion for surface fluxes of carbon dioxide: 1. Methods and global-scale fluxes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002556, 2007.
Ju, W. M., Chen, J. M., Black, T. A., Barr, A. G., Liu, J., and Chen, B. Z.: Modelling multi-year coupled carbon and water fluxes in a boreal aspen forest, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 140, 136–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.08.008, 2006.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–471, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)0772.0.CO;2, 1996.
Kang, J. S., Kalnay, E., Liu, J., Fung, I., Miyoshi, T., and Ide, K.: "Variable localization" in an ensemble Kalman filter: Application to the carbon cycle data assimilation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D09110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014673, 2011.
Kang, J. S., Kalnay, E., Miyoshi, T., Liu, J., and Fung, I.: Estimation of surface carbon fluxes with an advanced data assimilation methodology, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D24101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018259, 2012.
Kistler, R., Collins, W., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Kalnay, E., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Kanamitsu, M., Kousky, V., van den Dool, H., Jenne, R., and Fiorino, M.: The NCEP–NCAR 50–Year Reanalysis: Monthly Means CD–ROM and Documentation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 247–267, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)0822.3.CO;2, 2001.
Lauvaux, T., Schuh, A. E., Uliasz, M., Richardson, S., Miles, N., Andrews, A. E., Sweeney, C., Diaz, L. I., Martins, D., Shepson, P. B., and Davis, K. J.: Constraining the CO2 budget of the corn belt: exploring uncertainties from the assumptions in a mesoscale inverse system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 337–354, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-337-2012, 2012.
Liang, X., Zheng, X., Zhang, S., Wu, G., Dai, Y., and Li, Y.: Maximum likelihood estimation of inflation factors on error covariance matrices for ensemble Kalman filter assimilation, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 263–273, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.912, 2012.
Liu, J., Chen, J. M., Cihlar, J., and Chen, W.: Net primary productivity distribution in the BOREAS region from a process model using satellite and surface data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 27735–27754, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900768, 1999.
Liu, J., Fung, I., Kalnay, E., Kang, J.-S., Olsen, E. T., and Chen, L.: Simultaneous assimilation of AIRS Xco2 and meteorological observations in a carbon climate model with an ensemble Kalman filter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D05309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016642, 2012.
Masarie, K. A., Peters, W., Jacobson, A. R., and Tans, P. P.: ObsPack: a framework for the preparation, delivery, and attribution of atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 375–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-375-2014, 2014.
Michalak, A. M., Hirsch, A., Bruhwiler, L., Gurney, K. R., Peters, W., and Tans, P. P.: Maximum likelihood estimation of covariance parameters for Bayesian atmospheric trace gas surface flux inversions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D24107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005970, 2005.
Miyazaki, K., Maki, T., Patra, P., and Nakazawa, T.: Assessing the impact of satellite, aircraft, and surface observations on CO2 flux estimation using an ensemble-based 4-D data assimilation system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D16306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015366, 2011.
Mo, X. G., Chen, J. M., Ju, W. M., and Black, T. A.: Optimization of ecosystem model parameters through assimilating eddy covariance flux data with an ensemble Kalman filter, Ecol. Model., 217, 157–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.06.021, 2008.
Oda, T. and Maksyutov, S.: A very high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) global fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-543-2011, 2011.
Peters, W., Miller, J. B., Whitaker, J., Denning, A. S., Hirsch, A., Krol, M. C., Zupanski, D., Bruhwiler, L., and Tans, P. P.: An ensemble data assimilation system to estimate CO2 surface fluxes from atmospheric trace gas observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D24304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006157, 2005.
Peters, W., Jacobson, A. R., Sweeney, C., Andrews, A. E., Conway, T. J., Masarie, K., Miller, J. B., Bruhwiler, L. M., Petron, G., Hirsch, A. I., Worthy, D. E., van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Wennberg, P. O., Krol, M. C., and Tans, P. P.: An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 18925–18930, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708986104, 2007.
Potter, C. S., Randerson, J. T., Field, C. B., Matson, P. A., Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., and Klooster, S. A.: Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 811–841, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB02725, 1993.
Schuh, A. E., Lauvaux, T., West, T. O., Denning, A. S., Davis, K. J., Miles, N., Richardson, S., Uliasz, M., Lokupitiya, E., Cooley, D., Andrews, A., and Ogle, S.: Evaluating atmospheric CO2 inversions at multiple scales over a highly inventoried agricultural landscape, Global Change Biol., 19, 1424–1439, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12141, 2013.
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., Körtzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W.: Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 554–577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.
Tarantola, A.: Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation, Other Titles in Applied Mathematics, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 348 pp., 2005.
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., and Arellano Jr., A. F.: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423–3441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3423-2006, 2006.
Wu, G. C., Zheng, X. G., Wang, L. Q., Zhang, S. P., Liang, X., and Li, Y.: A new structure for error covariance matrices and their adaptive estimation in EnKF assimilation, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 795–804, https://doi.org/10.1002/Qj.2000, 2013.
Xiao, J., Zhuang, Q., Law, B. E., Baldocchi, D. D., Chen, J., Richardson, A. D., Melillo, J. M., Davis, K. J., Hollinger, D. Y., Wharton, S., Oren, R., Noormets, A., Fischer, M. L., Verma, S. B., Cook, D. R., Sun, G., McNulty, S., Wofsy, S. C., Bolstad, P. V., Burns, S. P., Curtis, P. S., Drake, B. G., Falk, M., Foster, D. R., Gu, L., Hadley, J. L., Katul, G. G., Litvak, M., Ma, S., Martin, T. A., Matamala, R., Meyers, T. P., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Oechel, W. C., Paw, U. K. T., Schmid, H. P., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Suyker, A. E., and Torn, M. S.: Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 60–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.002, 2011.
Zheng, X.: An Adaptive Estimation of Forecast Error Covariance Parameters for Kalman Filtering Data Assimilation, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 154–160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-0154-5, 2009.