A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
ADE: Australian Department of the Environment: National Pollution Inventory, 2017/2018, http://www.npi.gov.au/npidata/action/load/advance-search (lastaccess: 15 August 2019), 2019.
Ahmadov, R., McKeen, S., Trainer, M., Banta, R., Brewer, A., Brown, S., Edwards, P. M., de Gouw, J. A., Frost, G. J., Gilman, J., Helmig, D., Johnson, B., Karion, A., Koss, A., Langford<span id="page3437"/>, A., Lerner, B., Olson, J., Oltmans, S., Peischl, J., Pétron, G., Pichugina, Y., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T., Schnell, R., Senff, C., Sweeney, C., Thompson, C., Veres, P. R., Warneke, C., Wild, R., Williams, E. J., Yuan, B., and Zamora, R.: Understanding high wintertime ozone pollution events in an oil- and natural gas-producing region of the western US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 411–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-411-2015, 2015.
Ainsworth, E. A.: Understanding and improving global crop response to ozone pollution, Plant J., 90, 886–897, https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13298, 2017.
Amann, M., Bertok, I., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Cofala, J., Heyes, C., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Klimont, Z., Nguyen, B., Posch, M., Rafaj, P., Sandler, R., Schöpp, W., Wagner, F., and Winiwarter, W.: Cost-effective control of air quality and greenhouse gases in Europe: Modeling and policy applications, Environ. Modell. Softw., 26, 1489–1501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.012, 2011.
Amann, M., Bertok, I., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Cofala, J., Heyes, C., Hoglund-Isaksson, L., Kiesewetter, G., Klimont, Z., Schopp, W., Vellinga, N., and Winiwarter, W.: Adjusted historic emission data, projections, and optimized emission reduction targets for 2030 – a comparison with COM data 2013, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/review/TSAP_16a.pdf (last access: 15 January 2018), 2015.
Argentina UNFCCC Submission: Argentinian Inventory 1990–2012, submitted to UNFCCC, 2016.
Avnery, S., Mauzerall, D. L., Liu, J., and Horowitz, L. W.: Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure: 1. Year 2000 crop production losses and economic damage, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2284–2296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.045, 2011.
Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V. P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 20, 8092–8131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2051-9, 2013.
Beirle, S., Boersma, K. F., Platt, U., Lawrence, M. G., and Wagner, T.: Megacity Emissions and Lifetimes of Nitrogen Oxides Probed from Space, Science, 333, 1737, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207824, 2011.
Boden, T. A., Marland, G., and Andres, R. J.: Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, USA, 2016.
Boden, T. A., Marland, G., and Andres, R. J.: Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, USA, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017, 2017.
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.‐H., and Klimont, Z.: A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
Dong, R., Jogani, R., Jung, S., Roden, C., Streets, D. G., and Trautmann, N. M.: Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy‐related combustion, 1850–2000, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002840, 2007.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M., Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K., Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U., Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
BP: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, available at: https://www.bp.com/statisticalreview (last access: 15 January 2018), 2015.
BP: Statistical Review of World Energy: 2019, available at: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (last access: 23 January 2020), 2019.
Brock, C. A., Washenfelder, R. A., Trainer, M., Ryerson, T. B., Wilson, J. C., Reeves, J. M., Huey, L. G., Holloway, J. S., Parrish, D. D., Hübler, G., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Particle growth in the plumes of coal-fired power plants, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, D124155, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001062, 2002.
Carter, E. M., Shan, M., Yang, X., Li, J., and Baumgartner, J.: Pollutant Emissions and Energy Efficiency of Chinese Gasifier Cooking Stoves and Implications for Future Intervention Studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6461–6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405723w, 2014.
Castellanos, P. and Boersma, K. F.: Reductions in nitrogen oxides over Europe driven by environmental policy and economic recession, Sci. Rep.-UK, 2, 265, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00265, 2012.
CEDS: v2017_08_30, available at: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/ (last access: 7 January 2020), 2017a.
CEDS: v2017_10_05, available at: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/ (last access: 7 January 2020), 2017b.
Chameides, W. L.: The photochemical role of tropospheric nitrogen oxides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 17–20, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL005i001p00017, 1978.
Chen, Y., Roden, C. A., and Bond, T. C.: Characterizing Biofuel Combustion with Patterns of Real-Time Emission Data (PaRTED), Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 6110–6117, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3003348, 2012.
Commoner, B., Bartlett, P. W., Eisl, H., and Couchot, K.: Air Transport of Dioxin from North American Sources to Ecologically Vulnerable Receptors in Nunavut, Arctic Canada: Final Report to the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, available at: http://www3.cec.org/islandora/en/item/1596-long-range-air-transport-dioxin-from-north-american-sources-ecologically-vulnerable-en.pdf (last access: 25 April 2020), 2000.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Dentener, F., van Aardenne, J. A., Monni, S., Doering, U., Olivier, J. G. J., Pagliari, V., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970–2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1987–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018, 2018.
Crippa, M., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Guizzardi, D., Van Dingenen, R., and Dentener, F.: Contribution and uncertainty of sectorial and regional emissions to regional and global PM2.5 health impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5165–5186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5165-2019, 2019.
Crutzen, P. J.: The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 320–325, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709640815, 1970.
de Gouw, J. A., Parrish, D. D., Frost, G. J., and Trainer, M.: Reduced emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2 from US power plants owing to switch from coal to natural gas with combined cycle technology, Earths Future, 2, 75–82, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EF000196, 2014.
Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Bergström, R., Fountoukis, C., Johansson, C., Pandis, S. N., Simpson, D., and Visschedijk, A. J. H.: Particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in Europe – revised estimates and an evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6503–6519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6503-2015, 2015.
DICE-Africa: DICE-Africa User Manual, available at: https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/modeling/dice-africa (last access: 9 January 2020), 2016.
Doxsey-Whitfield, E., MacManus, K., Adamo, S. B., Pistolesi, L., Squires, J., Borkovska, O., and Baptista, S. R.: Taking Advantage of the Improved Availability of Census Data: A First Look at the Gridded Population of the World, Version 4, Papers in Applied Geography, 1, 226–234, https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2015.1014272, 2015.
Duncan, B. N., Yoshida, Y., de Foy, B., Lamsal, L. N., Streets, D. G., Lu, Z., Pickering, K. E., and Krotkov, N. A.: The observed response of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 columns to NOx emission controls on power plants in the United States: 2005–2011, Atmos. Environ., 81, 102–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.068, 2013.
ECCC: Environment and Climate Change Canada, EN_APEI-Canada, Canada's 2019 Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory, available at: http://data.ec.gc.ca/data/substances/monitor/canada-s-air-pollutant-emissions-inventory/APEI_Tables_Canada_Provinces_Territories/?lang, last access: 13 August 2019.
EC-JRC: Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release EDGARv4.3.2, available at: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v (last access: 12 August 2019), 2018.
EC-JRC/PBL: Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release EDGAR v4.2 FT2012, available at: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu (last access: 15 January 2018), 2012.
EC-JRC/PBL: Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.3.1, available at: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v (last access: 15 January 2018), 2016.
EIA: US Energy Information Administration: Table 10.2a: Renewable Energy Cnsumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors, available at: https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable (last access: 26 August 2019), 2019.
EIA: US Energy Information Administration: Drilling Productivity Report, available at: https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/drilling/, last access: 7 April 2020.
Elguindi, N., Granier, C., Stavrakou, T., Darras, S., Bauwens, M., Cao, H., Chen, C., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Dubovik, O., Fu, T. M., Henze, D. K., Jiang, Z., Keita, S., Kuenen, J. J. P., Kurokawa, J., Liousse, C., Miyazaki, K., Müller, J. F., Qu, Z., Solmon, F., and Zheng, B.: Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom-Up Inventories, Top-Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios, Earths Future, 8, e2020EF001520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001520, 2020.
EMEP: Officially reported emission data to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme: EMEP_NFR14_LEVEL1 data, available at: https://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/webdab_emepdatabase/reported_emissiondata/, last access: 19 December 2019.
FAOSTAT: FAOSTAT-Forestry database, available at: http://www.fao.org/forestry/statistics/84922/en/ (last access: 15 January 2018), 2015.
Feng, L., Smith, S. J., Braun, C., Crippa, M., Gidden, M. J., Hoesly, R., Klimont, Z., van Marle, M., van den Berg, M., and van der Werf, G. R.: The generation of gridded emissions data for CMIP6, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 461–482, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-461-2020, 2020.
FINN: Fire INventory from NCAR, Version 1.5, available at: http://bai.acom.ucar.edu/Data/fire/ (last access: 4 March 2020), 2018.
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, The Lancet, 392, 1923–1994, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6, 2018.
GBD MAPS Working Group: Burden of Disease Attributable to Coal-Burning and Other Major Sources of Air Pollution in China, Special Report 20, Health Effects Institute, available at: https://www.healtheffects.org/publication/burden-disease-attributable-coal-burning-and-other-air-pollution-sources-china (last access: 1 December 2020), 2016.
GBD MAPS Working Group: Burden of Disease Attributable to Major Air Pollution Sources in India, Special Report 21, Health Effects Institute available at: https://www.healtheffects.org/publication/gbd-air-pollution-india, (last access: 1 December 2020) 2018.
GFED: Global Fire Emissions Database, available at: http://globalfiredata.org/index.html (last access: 15 March 2020), 2019.
Gidden, M. J., Riahi, K., Smith, S. J., Fujimori, S., Luderer, G., Kriegler, E., van Vuuren, D. P., van den Berg, M., Feng, L., Klein, D., Calvin, K., Doelman, J. C., Frank, S., Fricko, O., Harmsen, M., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Hilaire, J., Hoesly, R., Horing, J., Popp, A., Stehfest, E., and Takahashi, K.: Global emissions pathways under different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1443–1475, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1443-2019, 2019.
Guan, D., Liu, Z., Geng, Y., Lindner, S., and Hubacek, K.: The gigatonne gap in China's carbon dioxide inventories, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 672–675, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1560, 2012.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Haywood, J. and Boucher, O.: Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review, Rev. Geophys., 38, 513–543, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000078, 2000.
Hoesly, R. M., Smith, S. J., Feng, L., Klimont, Z., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Andres, R. J., Bolt, R. M., Bond, T. C., Dawidowski, L., Kholod, N., Kurokawa, J.-I., Li, M., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Moura, M. C. P., O'Rourke, P. R., and Zhang, Q.: Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 369–408, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018, 2018.
Hoesly, R., O'Rourke, P., Braun, C., Feng, L., Smith, S. J., Pitkanen, T., Siebert, J., Vu, L., Presley, M., Bolt, R., Goldstein, B., and Kholod, N.: CEDS: Community Emissions Data System (Version Dec-23-2019), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3592073, 2019.
Hong, C., Zhang, Q., He, K., Guan, D., Li, M., Liu, F., and Zheng, B.: Variations of China's emission estimates: response to uncertainties in energy statistics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1227–1239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1227-2017, 2017.
HTAP2: RETRO NMVOC Ratio, available at: http://iek8wikis.iek.fz-juelich.de/HTAPWiki/WP1.1?action (last access: 7 January 2020), 2013.
Huang, G., Brook, R., Crippa, M., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Schieberle, C., Dore, C., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., and Friedrich, R.: Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7683–7701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017, 2017.
IEA: World Energy Statistics, available at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/ (last access: 15 January 2018), 2015.
IEA: World Energy Statistics 2019 Edition, Database Documentation, available at: http://wds.iea.org/wds/pdf/WORLDBES_Documentation.pdf, last access: 17 September 2019.
IIASA: GAINS – Sulfur content of fuels, available at: http://gains.iiasa.ac.at/models/index.html (last access: 15 January 2018), 2014.
IIASA: ECLIPSE v5a, available at: https://www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/researchPrograms/air/ECLIPSEv5a.html (last access: 7 January 2020), 2015.
IPCC: Summary for Policy Makers, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, Y., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA, 1–29, 2013.
Janssens-Maenhout, G., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Dentener, F., Muntean, M., Pouliot, G., Keating, T., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J., Wankmüller, R., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J. J. P., Klimont, Z., Frost, G., Darras, S., Koffi, B., and Li, M.: HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11411–11432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015, 2015.
Jayarathne, T., Stockwell, C. E., Bhave, P. V., Praveen, P. S., Rathnayake, C. M., Islam, Md. R., Panday, A. K., Adhikari, S., Maharjan, R., Goetz, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Saikawa, E., Yokelson, R. J., and Stone, E. A.: Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2259–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2259-2018, 2018.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., van Drecht, G., and de Vos, M.: The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 20, 73–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x, 2011.
Klimont, Z., Kupiainen, K., Heyes, C., Purohit, P., Cofala, J., Rafaj, P., Borken-Kleefeld, J., and Schöpp, W.: Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8681–8723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8681-2017, 2017.
Krotkov, N. A., McLinden, C. A., Li, C., Lamsal, L. N., Celarier, E. A., Marchenko, S. V., Swartz, W. H., Bucsela, E. J., Joiner, J., Duncan, B. N., Boersma, K. F., Veefkind, J. P., Levelt, P. F., Fioletov, V. E., Dickerson, R. R., He, H., Lu, Z., and Streets, D. G.: Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4605–4629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4605-2016, 2016.
Kurokawa, J., Ohara, T., Morikawa, T., Hanayama, S., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Fukui, T., Kawashima, K., and Akimoto, H.: Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases over Asian regions during 2000–2008: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11019–11058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11019-2013, 2013.
Lacey, F. and Henze, D.: Global climate impacts of country-level primary carbonaceous aerosol from solid-fuel cookstove emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 114003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114003, 2015.
Lacey, F. G., Marais, E. A., Henze, D. K., Lee, C. J., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Hannigan, M. P., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Improving present day and future estimates of anthropogenic sectoral emissions and the resulting air quality impacts in Africa, Faraday Discuss., 200, 397–412, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7FD00011A, 2017.
Lamsal, L. N., Martin, R. V., Padmanabhan, A., van Donkelaar, A., Zhang, Q., Sioris, C. E., Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., and Newchurch, M. J.: Application of satellite observations for timely updates to global anthropogenic NOx emission inventories, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046476, 2011.
Lei, Y., Zhang, Q., He, K. B., and Streets, D. G.: Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990–2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 931–954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-931-2011, 2011.
Lelieveld, J., Klingmüller, K., Pozzer, A., Burnett, R. T., Haines, A., and Ramanathan, V.: Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 7192, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819989116, 2019.
Li, C., McLinden, C., Fioletov, V., Krotkov, N., Carn, S., Joiner, J., Streets, D., He, H., Ren, X., Li, Z., and Dickerson, R. R.: India Is Overtaking China as the World's Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 14304, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14639-8, 2017.
Li, M., Liu, H., Geng, G., Hong, C., Liu, F., Song, Y., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Cui, H., Man, H., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Anthropogenic emission inventories in China: a review, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 834–866, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx150, 2017a.
Li, M., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J.-I., Woo, J.-H., He, K., Lu, Z., Ohara, T., Song, Y., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., Cheng, Y., Hong, C., Huo, H., Jiang, X., Kang, S., Liu, F., Su, H., and Zheng, B.: MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 935–963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-935-2017, 2017b.
Liang, C.-K., West, J. J., Silva, R. A., Bian, H., Chin, M., Davila, Y., Dentener, F. J., Emmons, L., Flemming, J., Folberth, G., Henze, D., Im, U., Jonson, J. E., Keating, T. J., Kucsera, T., Lenzen, A., Lin, M., Lund, M. T., Pan, X., Park, R. J., Pierce, R. B., Sekiya, T., Sudo, K., and Takemura, T.: HTAP2 multi-model estimates of premature human mortality due to intercontinental transport of air pollution and emission sectors, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10497–10520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10497-2018, 2018.
Liu, Z., Guan, D., Wei, W., Davis, S. J., Ciais, P., Bai, J., Peng, S., Zhang, Q., Hubacek, K., Marland, G., Andres, R. J., Crawford-Brown, D., Lin, J., Zhao, H., Hong, C., Boden, T. A., Feng, K., Peters, G. P., Xi, F., Liu, J., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Zeng, N., and He, K.: Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China, Nature, 524, 335–338, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14677, 2015.
Lu, Z., Zhang, Q., and Streets, D. G.: Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839–9864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011, 2011.
Marais, E. A. and Wiedinmyer, C.: Air Quality Impact of Diffuse and Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa), Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 10739–10745, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02602, 2016.
Marais, E. A., Silvern, R. F., Vodonos, A., Dupin, E., Bockarie, A. S., Mickley, L. J., and Schwartz, J.: Air Quality and Health Impact of Future Fossil Fuel Use for Electricity Generation and Transport in Africa, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 13524–13534, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04958, 2019.
Mauzerall, D. L., Sultan, B., Kim, N., and Bradford, D. F.: NOx emissions from large point sources: variability in ozone production, resulting health damages and economic costs, Atmos. Environ., 39, 2851–2866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.041, 2005.
McDonald, B. C., de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Jathar, S. H., Akherati, A., Cappa, C. D., Jimenez, J. L., Lee-Taylor, J., Hayes, P. L., McKeen, S. A., Cui, Y. Y., Kim, S.-W., Gentner, D. R., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Goldstein, A. H., Harley, R. A., Frost, G. J., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., and Trainer, M.: Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions, Science, 359, 760, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0524, 2018.
McDuffie, E. E., Hoesly, R., O'Rourke, P., Braun, C., Feng, L., Smith, S. J., Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Presley, M., Bolt, R., Goldstein, B., and Kholod, N.: CEDS_GBD-MAPS_SourceCode_2020_v1.0, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3865670, 2020a.
McDuffie, E. E., Smith, S. J., O'Rourke, P., Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Marais, E. A., Zheng, B., Crippa, M., Brauer, M., and Martin, R. V.: CEDS_GBD-MAPS: Data Snapshot (2014–2015), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3833935, 2020b.
McDuffie, E. E., Smith, S. J., O'Rourke, P., Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Marais, E. A., Zheng, B., Crippa, M., Brauer, M., and Martin, R. V.: CEDS_GBD-MAPS: Global Anthropogenic Emission Inventory of NOx, SO2, CO, NH3, NMVOCs, BC, and OC from 1970–2017 (Version 2020_v1.0), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3754964, 2020c.
McLinden, C. A., Fioletov, V., Boersma, K. F., Krotkov, N., Sioris, C. E., Veefkind, J. P., and Yang, K.: Air quality over the Canadian oil sands: A first assessment using satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050273, 2012.
McLinden, C. A., Fioletov, V., Shephard, M. W., Krotkov, N., Li, C., Martin, R. V., Moran, M. D., and Joiner, J.: Space-based detection of missing sulfur dioxide sources of global air pollution, Nat. Geosci., 9, 496, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2724, 2016.
MEGAN: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, Version 3.1, available at: https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/bai/megan/data-and-code (last access: 4 March 2020), 2019.
Meidiana, C. and Gamse, T.: Development of Waste Management Practices in Indonesia, European Journal of Scientific Research, 40, 199–210, 2010.
Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Field, B. D., and Rind, D.: Effects of future climate change on regional air pollution episodes in the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021216, 2004.
Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Hrdina, A., Lin, J. C., Pennell, C., Franchin, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Fibiger, D. L., Womack, C. C., McDuffie, E. E., Martin, R., Moore, K., Baasandorj, M., and Brown, S. S.: Wintertime spatial distribution of ammonia and its emission sources in the Great Salt Lake region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15691–15709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15691-2019, 2019.
Mozurkewich, M.: The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size, Atmos. Environ., 27, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90356-4, 1993.
Nagpure, A. S., Ramaswami, A., and Russell, A.: Characterizing the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Open Burning of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Indian Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 12904–12912, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03243, 2015.
NEI: 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Data, available at: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/2011-national-emissions-inventory-nei-data (last access: 12 December 2020), 2013.
Paulot, F., Jacob, D. J., Pinder, R. W., Bash, J. O., Travis, K., and Henze, D. K.: Ammonia emissions in the United States, European Union, and China derived by high-resolution inversion of ammonium wet deposition data: Interpretation with a new agricultural emissions inventory (MASAGE_NH3), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 4343–4364, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021130, 2014.
Philip, S., Martin, R. V., Snider, G., Weagle, C. L., van Donkelaar, A., Brauer, M., Henze, D. K., Klimont, Z., Venkataraman, C., Guttikunda, S. K., and Zhang, Q.: Anthropogenic fugitive, combustion and industrial dust is a significant, underrepresented fine particulate matter source in global atmospheric models, Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 044018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa65a4, 2017.
RAQC: Regional Air Quality Council: Summary of State Implementation Plans, available at: https://raqc.egnyte.com/dl/KZXQmQtFaQ/2019_SIP_Summaries_Update.pdf (last access: 23 January 2020), 2019.
Reyna-Bensusan, N., Wilson, D. C., and Smith, S. R.: Uncontrolled burning of solid waste by households in Mexico is a significant contributor to climate change in the country, Environ. Res., 163, 280–288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.042, 2018.
Sadavarte, P. and Venkataraman, C.: Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry and transport sectors, Atmos. Environ., 99, 353–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.081, 2014.
Saxena, P. and Seigneur, C.: On the oxidation of SO2 to sulfate in atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 21, 807–812, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90077-1, 1987.
Schöpp, W., Klimont, Z., Suutari, R., and Cofala, J.: Uncertainty analysis of emission estimates in the RAINS integrated assessment model, Environ. Sci. Policy, 8, 601–613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2005.06.008, 2005.
Sharma, G., Sinha, B., Pallavi, Hakkim, H., Chandra, B. P., Kumar, A., and Sinha, V.: Gridded Emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, CO2, NH3, HCl, CH4, PM2.5, PM10, BC, and NMVOC from Open Municipal Waste Burning in India, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 4765–4774, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b07076, 2019.
Shindell, D. and Smith, C. J.: Climate and air-quality benefits of a realistic phase-out of fossil fuels, Nature, 573, 408–411, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1554-z, 2019.
SMoG-India: Speciated Multi-pollutant Generator, available at: https://sites.google.com/view/smogindia (last access: 28 February 2020), 2019.
South Korea National Institute of Environmental Research: National air pollutants emission service, available at: http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/ (last access: 15 Janurary 2018), 2016.
Stevens, C. J., Dise, N. B., Mountford, J. O., and Gowing, D. J.: Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on the Species Richness of Grasslands, Science, 303, 1876, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094678, 2004.
Stohl, A., Aamaas, B., Amann, M., Baker, L. H., Bellouin, N., Berntsen, T. K., Boucher, O., Cherian, R., Collins, W., Daskalakis, N., Dusinska, M., Eckhardt, S., Fuglestvedt, J. S., Harju, M., Heyes, C., Hodnebrog, Ø., Hao, J., Im, U., Kanakidou, M., Klimont, Z., Kupiainen, K., Law, K. S., Lund, M. T., Maas, R., MacIntosh, C. R., Myhre, G., Myriokefalitakis, S., Olivié, D., Quaas, J., Quennehen, B., Raut, J.-C., Rumbold, S. T., Samset, B. H., Schulz, M., Seland, Ø., Shine, K. P., Skeie, R. B., Wang, S., Yttri, K. E., and Zhu, T.: Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10529–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, 2015.
Streets, D. G., Canty, T., Carmichael, G. R., de Foy, B., Dickerson, R. R., Duncan, B. N., Edwards, D. P., Haynes, J. A., Henze, D. K., Houyoux, M. R., Jacob, D. J., Krotkov, N. A., Lamsal, L. N., Liu, Y., Lu, Z., Martin, R. V., Pfister, G. G., Pinder, R. W., Salawitch, R. J., and Wecht, K. J.: Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability, Atmos. Environ., 77, 1011–1042, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.051, 2013.
TEPA: Taiwan Emission Data System, available at: https://erdb.epa.gov.tw/eng/DataRepository/EnvMonitor/ReportInspectAirTEDS.aspx?topic1 (last access: 15 January 2018), 2016.
The World Bank: World Development Indicators, available at: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/WDI_excel.zip (last access: 15 January 2018), 2016.
Travis, K. R., Jacob, D. J., Fisher, J. A., Kim, P. S., Marais, E. A., Zhu, L., Yu, K., Miller, C. C., Yantosca, R. M., Sulprizio, M. P., Thompson, A. M., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., St. Clair, J. M., Cohen, R. C., Laughner, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Wolfe, G. M., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Neuman, J. A., and Zhou, X.: Why do models overestimate surface ozone in the Southeast United States?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13561–13577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13561-2016, 2016.
UN: World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, available at: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2014_XLS_CD_FILES/WUP2014-F01-Total_Urban_Rural.xls (last access: 15 January 2018), 2014.
UN: UN World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, available at: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/ (last access: 15 January 2018), 2015.
UN: World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision, annual percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areas by region, subregion, country and area, 1950–2050, available at: https://population.un.org/wup/Download/ (last access: 24 July 2019), 2018.
UN: World Population Prospects 2019: Total population (both sexes combined) by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950 to 2100, available at: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (last access: 24 July 2019), 2019.
UNFCCC: National Inventory Submissions of Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC, available at: https://di.unfccc.int/ (last access: 12 August 2019), 2019.
US EPA: An inventory of sources and environmental releases of dioxin-like compounds in the US for the years 1987, 1995, and 2000, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA, EPA/600/P-03/002F, 667 pp., 2006.
US EPA: Criteria Air Pollutants, available at: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants (last access: 23 January 2020), 2018.
US EPA: National Annual Emissions Trend: 1970–2018, available at: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/air-pollutant-emissions-trends-data, last access: 26 August 2019.
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., van Leeuwen, T. T., Chen, Y., Rogers, B. M., Mu, M., van Marle, M. J. E., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., Yokelson, R. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 697–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, 2017.
Venkataraman, C., Brauer, M., Tibrewal, K., Sadavarte, P., Ma, Q., Cohen, A., Chaliyakunnel, S., Frostad, J., Klimont, Z., Martin, R. V., Millet, D. B., Philip, S., Walker, K., and Wang, S.: Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015–2050), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8017–8039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8017-2018, 2018.
Venkataraman, C., Bhushan, M., Dey, S., Ganguly, D., Gupta, T., Habib, G., Kesarkar, A., Phuleria, H., and Raman, R. S.: Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E1052–E1068, 2020.
Wang, S., Zhang, Q., Martin, R. V., Philip, S., Liu, F., Li, M., Jiang, X., and He, K.: Satellite measurements oversee China's sulfur dioxide emission reductions from coal-fired power plants, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 114015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114015, 2015.
Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Wiedinmyer, C., Yokelson, R. J., and Gullett, B. K.: Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 9523–9530, https://doi.org/10.1021/es502250z, 2014.
Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131–5153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009.
Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C. P., Lei, Y., McElroy, M. B., and Hao, J.: Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2295-2011, 2011.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zheng, B., Chevallier, F., Yin, Y., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Deeter, M. N., Parker, R. J., Wang, Y., Worden, H. M., and Zhao, Y.: Global atmospheric carbon monoxide budget 2000–2017 inferred from multi-species atmospheric inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1411–1436, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1411-2019, 2019.