A general expression for the shadow geometry for fixed mode horizontal, step-like structure and inclined solar fields

Alsadi, 2017, Estimation of solar irradiance on solar fields: an analytical approach and experimental results, IEEE, 1601 Alsayid, 2013, Partial shading of PV system simulation with experimental results, Smart Grid Renew. Energy, 4, 429, 10.4236/sgre.2013.46049 Appelbaum, 1979, Shadow effect of adjacent solar collectors in large scale systems, Sol. Energy, 23, 497, 10.1016/0038-092X(79)90073-2 Arani, 2016, The comprehensive study of electrical faults in PV arrays, J. Elect. Comp. Eng. Aronescu, 2017, Design optimization of photovoltaic solar fields-insight and methodology, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 76, 882, 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.079 Bany, 1987, The effect of shading on the design of a field of solar collectors, Solar Cells, 20, 201, 10.1016/0379-6787(87)90029-9 Chaaban, 2015, An adoptive photovoltaic topology to overcome shading effect in PV systems, Int. J. Photoenergy, 10.1155/2015/294872 Copper, 2016, A method to calculate array spacing and potential system size of photovoltaic arrays in the urban environment using vector analysis, Appl. Energy, 161, 11, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.074 Groumpos, 1987, A generic approach to the shadow effect of large solar power systems, Solar Cells, 22, 29, 10.1016/0379-6787(87)90068-8 Hadi, 2006 He, 2015, Safety analysis of solar module under partial shading, Int. J. Photoenergy, 10.1155/2015/907282 Horoufiany, 2018, Optimization of the Sudoku based reconfiguration technique for PV arrays power enhancement under mutual shading conditions, Sol. Energy, 159, 1037, 10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.059 Malara, 2016, Energetic and economic analysis of shading effects on PV panels energy production, Int. J. Heat Technol., 34, 465, 10.18280/ijht.340316 Nassar, 2016, View factors of flat solar collectors array in flat, inclined, and step-like solar fields, J. Solar Energy Eng. ASME Trans., 138, 1 Nguyen, 2009, Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic arrays including shadow effects using neural network, IEEE, 3357 Saavedraab, 2018, Simulation, validation and analysis of shading effects on a PV system, Sol. Energy, 170, 828, 10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.035 Sadineni S. B., Boehm R. F. and Hurt R., 2008. Spacing analysis of an inclined solar collector field, ASME 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability Energy Sustainability 2008 August 10-14, Jacksonville, Florida, ES2008-54067. Sathyanarayana, 2015, Effect of Shading on the Performance of Solar PV Panel, Energy and Power, 5, 1 Thakkar, N., Cormode, D., Lonij, V., Pulver, S., Cronin, A., 2010. A simple non-linear model for the effect of partial shade on PV systems, the 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, July 2010, 2321-2326. Wang, 2013, Numerical simulation of the influence of PV module spacing on daily generating output per unit area, Renew. Energy Resour., 31, 13 Woyte, 2003, Partial shadowing of photovoltaic arrays with different system configurations: literature review and field test results, Sol. Energy, 74, 217, 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00155-5 Wu, 2011, The calculation of spacing between solar cell array in photovoltaic power station, Energy Eng., 30, 39 Xiu-Shui, 2015, Distance calculation between photovoltaic arrays fixed on sloping ground, J. Comput. Methods Sci. Eng., 15, 107 Zhang, 2015, Experimental investigation of the effects of partial shading on photovoltaic cells electrical parameters, Int. J. Photoenergy Zhou, 2013, Design of array spacing for photovoltaic power station on northern slope area, Huadian Technol., 35, 14