A framework for modelling and visualizing the US Constitutional Convention of 1787
Tóm tắt
This paper describes a new approach to the presentation of records relating to formal negotiations and the texts that they create. It describes the architecture of a model, platform, and web interface (https://www.quillproject.net) that can be used by domain experts to convert the records typical of formal negotiations into a model of decision-making (with minimal training). This model has implications for both research and teaching, by allowing for better qualitative and quantitative analysis of negotiations. The platform emphasizes the reconstruction as closely as possible of the context within which proposals and decisions are made. The usability and benefits of a generic platform are illustrated by a presentation of the records relating to the 1787 Constitutional Convention that wrote the Constitution of the USA.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Beelen, K., Blaney, J., Blaxill, L., Cochrane, C., Hirst, G., Kamps, J., Marx, M., Naderi, N., Seaward, P., Steer, M., Winters, J.: Digging into linked parliamentary data (DiLiPaD) (2016). http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/6544/1/DiLiPaD_final_report_1.pdf. Accessed 28 Apr 2018
Bilder, M.S.: How bad were the official records of the federal convention? George Wash. Law Rev. 80(6), 1620–1682 (2012)
Bilder, M.S.: Madison’s Hand: Revising the Constitutional Convention. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2015)
Bundes-Git: Bundes-Git (2018). https://github.com/bundestag/gesetze. Accessed 28 Apr 2018
Burnard, L., Jannidis, F., Pierazzo, E., Rehbein, M.: An encoding model for genetic editions (2010). http://www.tei-c.org/Activities/Council/Working/tcw19.html. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
Center for American Politics and Public Policy, University of Washington: Legislative explorer: data driven discovery (2018). http://legex.org/. Accessed 28 Apr 2018
Digital Variants: Digital variants (1996). http://www.digitalvariants.org. Accessed 4 Feb 2017
EDSITEment: The constitutional convention of 1787 (2016). https://edsitement.neh.gov/curriculum-unit/constitutional-convention-1787. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T.: Comparative constitutions project (2005). http://comparativeconstitutionsproject.org/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Farrand, M.: The records of the Federal Convention of 1787 (1787). http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1785. Ed. Max Farrand (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1911). 3 vols. Accessed 30 Jan 2017
Farrand, M.: The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. Yale University Press, New Haven (1911)
Fraser, N.: google-diff-match-patch: Diff, Match and patch libraries for plain text (2006). https://code.google.com/p/google-diff-match-patch/. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
GNU RCS: GNU RCS (2013). http://www.gnu.org/software/rcs/rcs.html. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
Hansard Corpus: Hansard Corpus: British Parliament, 1803–2005 (2016). https://www.hansard-corpus.org/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017
Hatsell, J.: Precedents of proceedings in the House of Commons: with observations. In: Precedents of proceedings in the House of Commons: With observations. L. Hansard and Sons, London (1818)
Jefferson, T.: A Manual of Parliamentary Practice. Davis & Force, Washington (1820)
Kirschner, P.A., Buckingham Shum, S.J., Carr, C.S. (eds.): Visualizing Argumentation: Software Tools for Collaborative and Educational Sense-Making. Springer, London (2003)
La Fabrique de la Loi: La Fabrique de la Loi (2018). https://www.lafabriquedelaloi.fr/. Accessed 28 Apr 2018
Liberty Fund: Liberty Fund (2016). http://www.libertyfund.org/. Accessed 30 Jan 2017
Library of Congress: Part of: James Madison Papers, 1723–1859 (2016). https://www.loc.gov/search/?fa=partof:james+madison+papers,+1723-1859:++subseries+5e,+madison%27s+original+notes+on+debates+in+the+federal+constitutional+convention,+1787. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Lilian Goldman Law Library: Notes on the debates in the Federal Convention (2008). http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/debcont.asp. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Linder, D.: The Constitutional Convention 1787 (2016). http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/Ftrials/conlaw/convention1787.html. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Lloyd, G.: The Constitutional Convention (2016). http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/themes/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
May, T.E.: A Treatise upon the Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament. Charles Knight & Co., London (1844)
McNamee, R.: Electronic Enlightenment Project (2016). http://www.e-enlightenment.com/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Mercurial: Mercurial (2016). https://www.mercurial-scm.org/. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India: Manual of Parliamentary Procedures in the Government of India (2017). Accessed 4 Feb 2017
Myers, E.W.: An O(ND) difference algorithm and its variations. Algorithmica 1(1), 251–266 (1986)
National Archives Catalog: Journal of the Federal Convention (2016). https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7347105. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Parliament: Bills before Parliament 2016–2017 (2016). http://services.parliament.uk/bills/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Reed, C., Palau, R.M., Rowe, G., Moens, M.F.: Language resources for studying argument (LREC’08) (2008)
Reed, C., Wells, S., Snaith, M., Budzynska, K., Lawrence, J.: Using an argument ontology to develop pedagogical tool suites. In: Blackburn, P., van Ditmarsch, H., Manzano, M., Soler-Toscano, F. (eds.) Tools for Teaching Logic. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 207–214. Springer, Berlin (2011)
Riker, W.H.: The heresthetics of constitution-making: the Presidency in 1787, with comments on determinism and rational choice. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 78(1), 1–16 (1984)
Robert, H.M.: Parliamentary Law. Century Co., New York (1923)
SAMUELS: SAMUELS (Semantic Annotation and Mark-Up for Enhancing Lexical Searches) (2016). http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/critical/research/fundedresearchprojects/samuels/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017
Shillingsburg, P.L.: Scholarly Editing in the Computer Age: Theory and Practice, 3rd edn. Editorial Theory and Literary Criticism. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1996)
Silverbrook, J., Johnson, M.: ConSource (2007). http://www.consource.org/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Software Freedom Conservancy: Git (2016). https://git-scm.com/. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
SRI International: Structured evidential argumentation system (SEAS) (2018). https://www.sri.com/engage/products-solutions/structured-evidential-argumentation-system-seas. Accessed 28 Apr 2018
Surden, H.: Constitution Explorer (Beta) (2015). http://www.harrysurden.com/projects/visual/USCode_D3/constitution/US_Constitution_Tree.html. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
Syrett, H.C. (ed.): The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. IV. Digital edn. University of Virginia Press, Rotunda (2011)
Tauberer, J.: Bills and resolutions (2004). https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/. Accessed 29 Jan 2017
The Library of Congress: United States Constitution (2016). http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Constitution.html. Accessed 4 Feb 2017
United Nations: Universal declaration of human rights (1948). http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
U.S. Government Publishing Office: House rules and manual (2016). https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=HMAN. Accessed 27 Jan 2017
Vile, J.R.: The critical role of committees at the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787. Am. J. Legal Hist. 48(2), 147–176 (2006)
Walton, D.: Visualization tools, argumentation schemes and expert opinion evidence in law. Law Probab. Risk 6(1–4), 119–140 (2007)
Winograd, T., Flores, F.: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston (1987)