A facilitation method to foster collective action in transitions toward sustainable agriculture—a case study
Tóm tắt
Supporting farmers in their change to more sustainable practices requires dealing with the singularity of their situations. Taking advantage of local pedoclimatic and socioeconomic potential to build adapted solutions challenges the way agricultural advice is provided. Recent research on transition management shows that this requires the inclusion of change in the individual experience of farmers and the support of peer groups. The question that arises is how to articulate these individual and collective dimensions. In particular, how to ensure the groups are relevant and durable by readjusting their purposes to match the progress of the transition experienced by the farmers on their farms? We created a 5-step approach based on the concepts of “pragmatic inquiry” and “community of practice” to (1) clarify changes on their farms with the farmers, (2) map the changes, (3) record their surprises, and question (4) their collective action and (5) organisation. Its originality is to enable the reorientation of individual projects to be matched with that of the collective actions promoted by the agro-ecological transition. We tested this approach in 5 1-day workshops with 5 farmer groups who breed their own maize. Qualitative analyses of the materials produced and the workshop discussions revealed (1) the changes implemented by the farmers and what they valued, (2) the transition and the major transformations underway, (3) the way in which a collective redefines itself in this changing environment, and (4) the singular identity of each collective. Sharing these results between groups led to (1) a shift in the farmer’s perception of maize from a symbol of intensive agriculture to an important element in the diversification of farming systems, and (2) the realisation that group facilitation should go beyond breeding techniques, be more systemic, and reflect on the renewal of collective action and group identity.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Barrett CB, Beaudreault AR, Meinke H et al (2021) Foresight and trade-off analyses: tools for science strategy development in agriculture and food systems research. Q Open 1:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoaa002
Bouttes M, Darnhofer I, Martin G (2018) Converting to organic farming as a way to enhance adaptive capacity. Org Agric 9:235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-018-0225-y
Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology Virginia. Qual Res Psychol 2:77–101
Brédart D, Stassart PM (2017) When farmers learn through dialog with their practices: a proposal for a theory of action for agricultural trajectories. J Rural Stud 53:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.04.009
Chantre E, Cardona A (2014) Trajectories of french field crop farmers moving toward sustainable farming practices: change, learning, and links with the advisory services. Agroecol Sustain Food Syst 38:573–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.876483
Chantre E, Cerf M, Le Bail M (2015) Transitional pathways towards input reduction on French field crop farms. Int J Agric Sustain 13:69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2014.945316
Chizallet M, Barcellini F, Prost L et al (2018) Supporting farmers ’ management of change towards agroecological practices by focusing on their work : a contribution of ergonomics To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-01853727 Supporting farmers ’ management of change towards agroecological practices by . 0–10
Coquil X, Béguin P, Dedieu B (2014) Transition to self-sufficient mixed crop–dairy farming systems. Renew Agric Food Syst 29:195–205. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170513000458
Coquil X, Cerf M, Auricoste C et al (2018) Questioning the work of farmers, advisors, teachers and researchers in agro-ecological transition. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 38:47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0524-4
Darré J-P (1984) La production des normes au sein d’un réseau professionnel. L’exemple D’un Groupe D’éleveurs. Sociol Trav 26:141–156
Dass S, Kumar A, Jat SL et al (2012) Maize holds potential for diversification and livelihood security. Artic Indian J Agron (Special Issue) 57:86–91
Dewey J (1938) Logic: the theory of inquiry. Irvington Publishers, New York
Dewey J (1939) Theory of valuation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Dewey J (1980) Democracy and education. In: Boydston JA (ed) John Dewey. The Middle Works, 1899–1922 (Vol. 9, 1916). Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, pp 1–370
Dockès AC, Chauvat S, Correa P et al (2019) Advice and advisory roles about work on farms. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 39:2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0547-x
Dumanski J, Peiretti R, Benites JR, et al (2006) The Paradigm of Conservation Agriculture. World Assoc Soil Water Conserv 58–64
Duru M, Therond O, Fares M (2015) Designing agroecological transitions; a review. Agron Sustain Dev 35:1237–1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0318-x
Fabre M (2014) Minimalisme moral et maximalisme éthique chez John Dewey. Rech En Éducation. https://doi.org/10.4000/ree.9239
Fenzi M, Couix N (2021) Growing maize landraces in industrialized countries: from the search for seeds to the emergence of new practices and values. Int J Agric Sustain:1–19.https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2021.1933360
Gevers C, van Rijswick HFMW, Swart J (2019) Peasant seeds in France: fostering a more resilient agriculture. Sustain 11:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113014
Hatchuel A, Molet H (1986) Rational modelling in understanding human decision making: about two cases studies. Eur J Oper Res 24:178–186
Hazard L, Couix N, Lacombe C (2021) From evidence to value-based transition: the agroecological redesign of farming systems. Agric Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10258-2
Hutter M, Farías I (2017) Sourcing newness: ways of inducing indeterminacy. J Cult Econ 10:434–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2017.1326969
Klerkx L, Begemann S (2020) Supporting food systems transformation: the what, why, who, where and how of mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems. Agric Syst 184:102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102901
Loeber A, van Mierlo B, Grin J, Leeuwis C (2007) The practical value of theory: conceptualising learning in the pursuit of a sustainable development. In: Wals AEJ (ed) Social learning towards a sustainable world. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp 83–97
Lorino P (2018) Inquiry: the process of thinking, acting, and mediating. Pragmatism and organization studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 94–123
Magne M-A, Quénon J (2021) Dairy crossbreeding challenges the French dairy cattle sociotechnical regime. Agron Sustain Dev 41.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-021-00683-2
Mawois M, Vidal A, Revoyron E et al (2019) Transition to legume-based farming systems requires stable outlets, learning, and peer-networking. Agron Sustain Dev 39:14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-019-0559-1
Metcalfe M (2008) Pragmatic inquiry. J Oper Res Soc 59:1091–1099. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602443
Robinson J, Burch S, Talwar S et al (2011) Envisioning sustainability: recent progress in the use of participatory backcasting approaches for sustainability research. Technol Forecast Soc Change 78:756–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.12.006
Rodriguez D, deVoil P, Power B et al (2011) The intrinsic plasticity of farm businesses and their resilience to change. An Australian example. Field Crops Res 124:157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.02.012
Rodriguez D, Cox H, deVoil P, Power B (2014) A participatory whole farm modelling approach to understand impacts and increase preparedness to climate change in Australia. Agric Syst 126:50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.04.003
Roesch-McNally GE, Arbuckle JG, Tyndall JC (2018) Barriers to implementing climate resilient agricultural strategies: the case of crop diversification in the U.S. Corn Belt. Glob Environ Chang 48:206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.12.002
Schnelle E, Thiersch M (1979) The metaplan-method: communication tools for planning and learning groups. Metaplan Series No.7, from Metaplan GmbH, 2085 Quickborn, Goethestrasse 16, Germany
Schön DA (1983) The reflective practitioner : how professionals think in action. Basic Books, New-York
Slimi C (2022) La transformation des situations des agriculteurs et agricultrices en transition agroécologique :analyse du soutien des collectifs de pairs par le prisme de la théorie de l’enquête. Ecole Doctorale ABIES, AgroParisTech, Paris
Slimi C, Prost M, Cerf M, Prost L (2021) Exchanges among farmers’ collectives in support of sustainable agriculture: from review to reconceptualization. J Rural Stud 83:268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.019
Steyaert P, Barbier M, Cerf M et al (2016) Role of intermediation in the management of complex sociotechnical transitions. In: Elzen B, Augustyn A-M, Barbier M, van Mierlo B (eds) AgroEcological Transitions : changes and breakthroughs in the making, Wageningen. Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, pp 257–282
Thorén K, Vendel M (2019) Backcasting as a strategic management tool for meeting VUCA challenges. J Strateg Manag 12:298–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-10-2017-0072
Tittonell P (2014) Ecological intensification of agriculture-sustainable by nature. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 8:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.08.006
Ulbrich R, Pahl-Wost C (2019) The German permaculture community from a community of practice perspective. Sustain 11:1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051241
Wenger E (1998) Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, Cambridge
Wenger E (2000) Communities of practice and social learning systems. Organization 7:225–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/135050840072002
Wenger E (2010) Communities of practice and social learning systems: The career of a concept. Social Learning Systems and Communities of Practice. Blackmore C (ed). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-133-2_11.