A double layer review

Albert, R. D. and Lindstrom P. J.: 1970 ?Evidence for Auroral Particle Acceleration and Trapping as a Result of Electrostatic Double Layers in the Ionosphere?,Science 170, 1398.

Andersson, D.: 1976, ?Measurements of Electron Energy Distributions in Front of and Behind a Stationary Plasma Sheath?, Tech. Rept TRITA-EPP-76-10, Dept of Electron Physics, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm.

Andersson, D., Babic, M., Sandahl, S. and Torv�n, S.: 1969, ?On the maximum Current Carrying Capacity of a Low Pressure Discharge?,Proc Ninth Int. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Bucharest, Rumania, p. 142.

Bernstein, I. B., Greene, J. M. and Kruskal, M. D.: 1957, ?Exact Nonlinear Plasma Oscillations?,Phys. Rev. 108, 546.

Block, L. P.: 1969, ?Some Phenomena in the Polar Ionosphere?,Ninth Int. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Bucharest, Rumania; Rept 69-30, Electron and Plasma Physics, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm.

Block, L. P.: 1972, ?Potential Double Layers in the Ionosphere?,Cosmic Electrodynamics 3, 349.

Block, L. P.: 1975, ?Double Layers? in Hultqvist and Stenflo (eds),Physics of the Hot Plasma in the Magnetosphere, Plenum Pub. Co., New York, p. 229.

Block, L. P. and F�lthammar, C.-G.: 1976, ?Mechanisms that may Support Magnetic-Field-Aligned Electric Fields in the Magnetosphere?,Ann. Geophys. 32, 161.

Bohm, D.: 1949, ?Minimum Ionic Kinetic Energy for a Stable Sheath?, in Guthrie and Wakerling (eds),The Characteristics of Electrical Discharges in Magnetic Fields, McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 77.

Calvert, W.: 1966, ?Steep Horizontal Electron-Density Gradients in the Topside F-Layer?J. Geophys. Res. 71, 3665.

Carlqvist, P. and Bostr�m, R.: 1970, ?Space Charge Regions Above the Aurora?,J. Geophys. Res. 75, 7140.

Goertz, C. K. and Joyce, G.: 1975, ?Numerical Simulation of the Plasma Double Layer?,Astrophys. Space Sci. 32, 165.

Gurnett, D. A.: 1972, ?Electric Field and Plasma Observations in the Magnetosphere? in E. R. Dyer (ed.),Critical Problems of Magnetospheric Physics, IUCSTP Secretariat, Washington, D. C., p. 123.

Gurnett, D. A. and Frank, L. A.: 1973, ?Observed Relationships between Electric Fields and Auroral Particle Precipitation?,J. Geophys. Res. 78, 145.

Haerendel, G., Rieger, E., Valenzuela, A., F�ppl, H., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. and Wescott, E. M.: 1976, ?First Observation of Electrostatic Acceleration of Barium Ions into the Magnetosphere?, inEuropean Programmes on Sounding-Rocket and Balloon Research in the Auroral Zone, European Space Agency Report, ESA-SP115.

Hagg, E. L.: 1967, ?Electron Densities of 8?100 Electrons cm?3 Deduced from Alouette II High-Latitude Ionograms?,Can. J. Phys. 45, 27.

Herzberg, L. and Nelms, G. L.: 1969, ?Ionospheric Conditions Following the Proton Flare of 7 July 1966 as Deduced from Topside Soundings?,Annals of the IQSY 3, The Proton Flare Project, M.I.T. Press, p. 426.

Jentsch, V.: 1976, ?Minimum Drift Velocity for Instability in Current-Carrying, Non-Maxwellian Plasma?,Phys. Fluids,19, 919.

Klarfeld, B.: 1938, ?The Positive Column of a Gaseous Discharge?,Tech. Phys. USSR 5, 913.

Knorr, G. and Goertz, C. K.: 1974, ?Existence and Stability of Strong Potential Double Layers?,Astrophys. Space Sci 31, 209.

Langmuir, I.: 1929, ?The Interaction of Electron and Positive Ion Space Charges in Cathode Sheaths?,Phys. Rev. 33, 954.

Lennartsson, W.: 1977, ?On Space Charge Effects associated with the Magnetic Mirroring of Auroral Electrons?Third IAGA General Assembly, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Montgomery, D. C. and Joyce, G.: 1969, ?Shock-Like Solutions of the Electrostatic Vlasov Equation?,J. Plasma Phys. 3, 1.

Mozer, F. S., Carlson, C. N., Hudson, M. K., Torbert, R. B., Parady, B., Yatteau, J. and Kelley, M. C.: 1977, ?Observations of Paired Electrostatic Shocks in the Polar Magnetosphere?,Phys. Rev. Letters 38, 292.

Persson, H.: 1963, ?Electric Field along a Magnetic Line of Force in a Low-Density Plasma?,Phys. Fluids 6, 1756.

Quon, B. H. and Wong, A. Y.: 1976, ?Formation of Potential Double Layers in Plasmas?,Phys. Rev. Letters 37, 1393.

Shawhan, S. D., F�lthammar, C.-G. and Block, L. P.: 1977, ?On the Nature of Large Auroral Zone Electric Fields at oneR E Altitude?, Tech. Rept TRITA-EPP-77-09, Dept of Plasma Physics, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm.

Smith, R. A.: 1977, Private communication.

Smith, R. A. and Goertz, C. K.: 1977, ?On the Modulation of the Jovian Decametric Radiation by Io. I. Acceleration of Charged Particles? (submitted for publication toJ. Geophys. Res.).

Swift, D. W.: 1975, ?On the Formation of Auroral Arcs and Acceleration of Auroral Electrons?,J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2096.

Swift, D. W.: 1976, ?An Equipotential Model for Auroral Arcs: 2. Numerical Solutions?,J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3935.

Torv�n, S.: 1965, ?Spectroscopical Determination of the Atom Density in the Low Pressure Mercury Arc?,Arkiv Fysik 29, 533.

Torv�n, S. and Babic, M.: 1975, ?Current Chopping Space Charge Layers in a Low Pressure Arc Plasma?,Proc. Twelfth Int. Conf. on Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, PtI, p. 124.

Torv�n, S. and Babic, M.: 1976, ?Current Limitation in Low Pressure Mercury Arcs?,Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Gas Discharges, Swansea, p. 323.

Wahlberg, C.: 1977, ?Electron Oscillations of a Collisionless Plasma in a Static Electric Field? (to be published inJ. Plasma Phys.).

Wescott, E. M., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., Hallinan, T. J. and Davis, T. N.: 1976, ?The Skylab Barium Plasma Injection Experiments: 2. Evidence for a Double Layer?,J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4495.