A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance

Immunity - Tập 54 - Trang 931-946.e11 - 2021
Stanislav Dikiy1,2, Jun Li3, Lu Bai3, Menglin Jiang3, Laura Janke4, Xinying Zong3, Xiaolei Hao3, Beatrice Hoyos1, Zhong-Min Wang1,5, Beisi Xu6, Yiping Fan6, Alexander Y. Rudensky1, Yongqiang Feng3
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
2Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
3Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
4Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
5Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
6Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson, 2002, Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein, Science, 298, 1395, 10.1126/science.1075958 Aschenbrenner, 2007, Selection of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells specific for self antigen expressed and presented by Aire+ medullary thymic epithelial cells, Nat. Immunol., 8, 351, 10.1038/ni1444 Bagadia, 2019, An Nfil3-Zeb2-Id2 pathway imposes Irf8 enhancer switching during cDC1 development, Nat. Immunol., 20, 1174, 10.1038/s41590-019-0449-3 Bending, 2018, A timer for analyzing temporally dynamic changes in transcription during differentiation in vivo, J. Cell Biol., 217, 2931, 10.1083/jcb.201711048 Björses, 1998, Gene defect behind APECED: a new clue to autoimmunity, Hum. Mol. Genet., 7, 1547, 10.1093/hmg/7.10.1547 Blaschke, 2013, Vitamin C induces Tet-dependent DNA demethylation and a blastocyst-like state in ES cells, Nature, 500, 222, 10.1038/nature12362 Bolger, 2014, Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data, Bioinformatics, 30, 2114, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 Buenrostro, 2013, Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position, Nat. Methods, 10, 1213, 10.1038/nmeth.2688 Buenrostro, 2015, ATAC-seq: A Method for Assaying Chromatin Accessibility Genome-Wide, Curr Protoc Mol Biol, 109, 10.1002/0471142727.mb2129s109 Burchill, 2003, Distinct effects of STAT5 activation on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell homeostasis: development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells versus CD8+ memory T cells, J. Immunol., 171, 5853, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.5853 Burchill, 2007, IL-2 receptor beta-dependent STAT5 activation is required for the development of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, J. Immunol., 178, 280, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.280 Burchill, 2008, Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire, Immunity, 28, 112, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.022 Campbell, 2018, Extrathymically Generated Regulatory T Cells Establish a Niche for Intestinal Border-Dwelling Bacteria and Affect Physiologic Metabolite Balance, Immunity, 48, 1245, 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.013 Chaudhry, 2009, CD4+ regulatory T cells control TH17 responses in a Stat3-dependent manner, Science, 326, 986, 10.1126/science.1172702 Chen, 2005, How defects in central tolerance impinge on a deficiency in regulatory T cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 14735, 10.1073/pnas.0507014102 Chinen, 2016, An essential role for the IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function, Nat. Immunol., 17, 1322, 10.1038/ni.3540 Darce, 2012, An N-terminal mutation of the Foxp3 transcription factor alleviates arthritis but exacerbates diabetes, Immunity, 36, 731, 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.007 Dash, 2015, Single-Cell Analysis of T-Cell Receptor αβ Repertoire, Methods Mol. Biol., 1343, 181, 10.1007/978-1-4939-2963-4_15 Dobin, 2013, STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner, Bioinformatics, 29, 15, 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635 Ellmeier, 1998, Multiple developmental stage-specific enhancers regulate CD8 expression in developing thymocytes and in thymus-independent T cells, Immunity, 9, 485, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80632-9 Fan, 2018, Differential Roles of IL-2 Signaling in Developing versus Mature Tregs, Cell Rep., 25, 1204, 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.002 Feng, 2014, Control of the inheritance of regulatory T cell identity by a cis element in the Foxp3 locus, Cell, 158, 749, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.031 Feng, 2015, A mechanism for expansion of regulatory T-cell repertoire and its role in self-tolerance, Nature, 528, 132, 10.1038/nature16141 Fontenot, 2003, Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, Nat. Immunol., 4, 330, 10.1038/ni904 Fontenot, 2005, A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells, Nat. Immunol., 6, 1142, 10.1038/ni1263 Fontenot, 2005, Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3, Immunity, 22, 329, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.016 Fontenot, 2005, Developmental regulation of Foxp3 expression during ontogeny, J. Exp. Med., 202, 901, 10.1084/jem.20050784 Furtado, 2002, Interleukin 2 signaling is required for CD4(+) regulatory T cell function, J. Exp. Med., 196, 851, 10.1084/jem.20020190 Gaspar, 2020 Gaud, 2018, Regulatory mechanisms in T cell receptor signalling, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 18, 485, 10.1038/s41577-018-0020-8 Gavin, 2007, Foxp3-dependent programme of regulatory T-cell differentiation, Nature, 445, 771, 10.1038/nature05543 Grant, 2011, FIMO: scanning for occurrences of a given motif, Bioinformatics, 27, 1017, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr064 Guerau-de-Arellano, 2009, Neonatal tolerance revisited: a perinatal window for Aire control of autoimmunity, J. Exp. Med., 206, 1245, 10.1084/jem.20090300 Heinz, 2010, Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities, Mol. Cell, 38, 576, 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.05.004 Hemmers, 2019, IL-2 production by self-reactive CD4 thymocytes scales regulatory T cell generation in the thymus, J. Exp. Med., 216, 2466, 10.1084/jem.20190993 Hernández-Munain, 1999, A developmental switch from TCR delta enhancer to TCR alpha enhancer function during thymocyte maturation, Immunity, 10, 723, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80071-0 Herppich, 2019, Dynamic Imprinting of the Treg Cell-Specific Epigenetic Signature in Developing Thymic Regulatory T Cells, Front. Immunol., 10, 2382, 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02382 Hori, 2003, Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3, Science, 299, 1057, 10.1126/science.1079490 Josefowicz, 2012, Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 30, 531, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623 Josefowicz, 2012, Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation, Nature, 482, 395, 10.1038/nature10772 Kang, 1992, Induction of the POU domain transcription factor Oct-2 during T-cell activation by cognate antigen, Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 3149 Kawakami, 2021, Distinct Foxp3 enhancer elements coordinate development, maintenance and function of regulatory T cells, Immunity, 54, 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.005 Kent, 2002, The human genome browser at UCSC, Genome Res., 12, 996, 10.1101/gr.229102 Kent, 2010, BigWig and BigBed: enabling browsing of large distributed datasets, Bioinformatics, 26, 2204, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq351 Khattri, 2003, An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, Nat. Immunol., 4, 337, 10.1038/ni909 Kim, 2007, Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice, Nat. Immunol., 8, 191, 10.1038/ni1428 Kitagawa, 2017, Guidance of regulatory T cell development by Satb1-dependent super-enhancer establishment, Nat. Immunol., 18, 173, 10.1038/ni.3646 Kurachi, 2019, Hidden Caveat of Inducible Cre Recombinase, Immunity, 51, 591, 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.010 Lawrence, 2013, Software for computing and annotating genomic ranges, PLoS Comput. Biol., 9, e1003118, 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003118 Levine, 2017, Suppression of lethal autoimmunity by regulatory T cells with a single TCR specificity, J. Exp. Med., 214, 609, 10.1084/jem.20161318 Li, 2009, The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools, Bioinformatics, 25, 2078, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 Li, 2014, Function of a Foxp3 cis-element in protecting regulatory T cell identity, Cell, 158, 734, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.030 Lin, 2007, Regulatory T cell development in the absence of functional Foxp3, Nat. Immunol., 8, 359, 10.1038/ni1445 Lio, 2008, A two-step process for thymic regulatory T cell development, Immunity, 28, 100, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.021 Liu, 2015, Immune homeostasis enforced by co-localized effector and regulatory T cells, Nature, 528, 225, 10.1038/nature16169 Love, 2014, Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2, Genome Biol., 15, 550, 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 Malchow, 2013, Aire-dependent thymic development of tumor-associated regulatory T cells, Science, 339, 1219, 10.1126/science.1233913 Malek, 2002, CD4 regulatory T cells prevent lethal autoimmunity in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice. Implications for the nonredundant function of IL-2, Immunity, 17, 167, 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00367-9 Mombaerts, 1992, Mutations in T-cell antigen receptor genes alpha and beta block thymocyte development at different stages, Nature, 360, 225, 10.1038/360225a0 Moore, 2018, ZFP36 RNA-binding proteins restrain T cell activation and anti-viral immunity, eLife, 7, 10.7554/eLife.33057 Nikolouli, 2017, Alloantigen-Induced Regulatory T Cells Generated in Presence of Vitamin C Display Enhanced Stability of Foxp3 Expression and Promote Skin Allograft Acceptance, Front. Immunol., 8, 748, 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00748 Owen, 2018, Identification of Cellular Sources of IL-2 Needed for Regulatory T Cell Development and Homeostasis, J. Immunol., 200, 3926, 10.4049/jimmunol.1800097 Owen, 2019, Thymic regulatory T cells arise via two distinct developmental programs, Nat. Immunol., 20, 195, 10.1038/s41590-018-0289-6 Pacholczyk, 2002, Peptide specificity of thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ T cells, J. Immunol., 168, 613, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.2.613 Panduro, 2016, Tissue Tregs, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 34, 609, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095948 Perry, 2014, Distinct contributions of Aire and antigen-presenting-cell subsets to the generation of self-tolerance in the thymus, Immunity, 41, 414, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.08.007 Placek, 2017, MLL4 prepares the enhancer landscape for Foxp3 induction via chromatin looping, Nat. Immunol., 18, 1035, 10.1038/ni.3812 Pollard, 2010, Detection of nonneutral substitution rates on mammalian phylogenies, Genome Res., 20, 110, 10.1101/gr.097857.109 Popmihajlov, 2012, Conditional IL-2 Gene Deletion: Consequences for T Cell Proliferation, Front. Immunol., 3, 102, 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00102 Proekt, 2017, Insights into immune tolerance from AIRE deficiency, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 49, 71, 10.1016/j.coi.2017.10.003 Quinlan, 2010, BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features, Bioinformatics, 26, 841, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033 2020 Romagnoli, 2002, Preferential recognition of self antigens despite normal thymic deletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, J. Immunol., 168, 1644, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1644 Rubtsov, 2010, Stability of the regulatory T cell lineage in vivo, Science, 329, 1667, 10.1126/science.1191996 Ruzankina, 2007, Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss, Cell Stem Cell, 1, 113, 10.1016/j.stem.2007.03.002 Sakaguchi, 1995, Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases, J. Immunol., 155, 1151, 10.4049/jimmunol.155.3.1151 Sakaguchi, 2020, Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 38, 541, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041717 Sasidharan Nair, 2016, Vitamin C Facilitates Demethylation of the Foxp3 Enhancer in a Tet-Dependent Manner, J. Immunol., 196, 2119, 10.4049/jimmunol.1502352 Scherer, 1993, Superantigens: bacterial and viral proteins that manipulate the immune system, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., 9, 101, 10.1146/annurev.cb.09.110193.000533 Schuster, 2017, c-REL and IκBNS Govern Common and Independent Steps of Regulatory T Cell Development from Novel CD122-Expressing Pre-Precursors, J. Immunol., 199, 920, 10.4049/jimmunol.1600877 Sharan, 2009, Recombineering: a homologous recombination-based method of genetic engineering, Nat. Protoc., 4, 206, 10.1038/nprot.2008.227 Shen, 1985, Cloning of Ly-5 cDNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 7360, 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7360 Shugay, 2014, Towards error-free profiling of immune repertoires, Nat. Methods, 11, 653, 10.1038/nmeth.2960 Shugay, 2015, VDJtools: Unifying Post-analysis of T Cell Receptor Repertoires, PLoS Comput. Biol., 11, e1004503, 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004503 Siepel, 2005, Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes, Genome Res., 15, 1034, 10.1101/gr.3715005 Toomer, 2019, Essential and non-overlapping IL-2Rα-dependent processes for thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of regulatory T cells, Nat. Commun., 10, 1037, 10.1038/s41467-019-08960-1 Waterston, 2002, Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome, Nature, 420, 520, 10.1038/nature01262 Weirauch, 2014, Determination and inference of eukaryotic transcription factor sequence specificity, Cell, 158, 1431, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.009 Wickham, 2009 Williams, 2007, Maintenance of the Foxp3-dependent developmental program in mature regulatory T cells requires continued expression of Foxp3, Nat. Immunol., 8, 277, 10.1038/ni1437 Xi, 2009, BSMAP: whole genome bisulfite sequence MAPping program, BMC Bioinformatics, 10, 232, 10.1186/1471-2105-10-232 Yang, 2015, Immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells generated early in life play a distinct role in maintaining self-tolerance, Science, 348, 589, 10.1126/science.aaa7017 Yao, 2007, Nonredundant roles for Stat5a/b in directly regulating Foxp3, Blood, 109, 4368, 10.1182/blood-2006-11-055756 Yin, 2013, Ascorbic acid enhances Tet-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidation and promotes DNA demethylation in mammals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 10396, 10.1021/ja4028346 Yue, 2016, Control of Foxp3 stability through modulation of TET activity, J. Exp. Med., 213, 377, 10.1084/jem.20151438 Zemmour, 2017, Flicr, a long noncoding RNA, modulates Foxp3 expression and autoimmunity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E3472, 10.1073/pnas.1700946114 Zheng, 2010, Role of conserved non-coding DNA elements in the Foxp3 gene in regulatory T-cell fate, Nature, 463, 808, 10.1038/nature08750 Zorn, 2006, IL-2 regulates FOXP3 expression in human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells through a STAT-dependent mechanism and induces the expansion of these cells in vivo, Blood, 108, 1571, 10.1182/blood-2006-02-004747