A diet with 35 % of energy from protein leads to kidney damage in female Sprague–Dawley rats

British Journal of Nutrition - Tập 106 Số 5 - Trang 656-663 - 2011
Andrew Wakefield1,2, James D. House3,1,2, Malcolm R. Ogborn4, Hope A. Weiler5, Harold M. Aukema1,2
1Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, R2033-
2St Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
3Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
4University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada V2N 4Z9
5School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H9X 3V9

Tóm tắt

High-protein (HP) diets for weight loss remain popular despite questions surrounding overall safety. In a recent study using the pig model, we showed that long-term intakes from whole proteins at 35 % energy (en %) cause moderate renal histological damage. To examine whether this observation may be species specific or more generalisable, the effect of this diet in rats was examined. Using plant and animal whole proteins, 70-d-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomised to either a normal-protein (NP; 15 en %) or a HP (35 en %) diet for 4, 8, 12 and 17 months. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance and urinary protein levels, and pathology was assessed by examination of glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Rats consuming the HP diet had 17 % higher kidney weights (P < 0·0001), three times higher proteinuria (P < 0·0001) and 27 % higher creatinine clearance (P = 0·0012) compared with those consuming the NP diet. Consistent with this, HP-fed rats had larger glomeruli (P < 0·0001) and more glomerulosclerosis (P = 0·0003) compared with NP-fed rats. The HP diet also resulted in altered levels of free monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P < 0·0001). The histological changes are consistent with those observed in the pig model. In contrast to the pig model, the elevated proteinuria and creatinine clearance observed in the rat model are also usually observed with HP consumption in human subjects. These results indicate that the rat is a useful model for HP effects on the kidney and, along with previous results using the pig model, suggest that long-term intake of high levels of protein may be detrimental to renal health.

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British Journal of Nutrition

Tập 106 Số 5

656-663

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