A critical look at representations of urban areas in global maps

GeoJournal - 2007
David Potere1, Annemarie Schneider2
1Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
2Geography Department and the Institute for Computational Earth System Science, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Alberti, M. (2005). The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International Regional Science Review, 28(2), 168–192.

Angel, S., Sheppard, S. C., & Civco D. L. (2005). The dynamics of global urban expansion. Washington, DC: The World Bank, available online at: http://www.williams.edu/Economics/UrbanGrowth/WorkingPapers.htm , last accessed April 15, 2007.

Bartholome, E., & Belward, A. S. (2005). GLC2000: A new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(9), 1959–1977.

Bhaduri, B., Bright, E., Coleman, P., & Dobson, J. (2002). LandScan: Locating people is what matters. Geoinfomatics, 5, 34–37.

Bourne, J. (2000). Louisiana’s vanishing wetlands: Going, going…. Science, 289, 1860–1863.

Brockerhoff, M. (2000). Urbanizing world. Population Bulletin, 55, 3.

Brockerhoff, M, & Brennan, E. (1998). The poverty of cities in developing regions. Population and Development Review, 24(1), 75–114.

Burgess, R. (2000), The compact city debate: A global perspective. In M. Jenks & R. Burgess (Eds.), Compact cities: Sustainable urban forms for developing countries. London and New York: Spon Press.

Calbo, J., Pan, W., Webster, M., Prinn, R. G., & McRae, G. J. (1998). Parameterization of urban sub-grid scale processes in global atmospheric chemistry models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 3437–3467.

Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); The World Bank; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) (2004). Global Rural–Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version: Urban Extents. Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Palisades, New York. Available at http://www.sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw , last accessed April 15, 2007.

Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.

Cohen, B. (2004). Urban growth in developing countries: A review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Development, 32(1), 23–51.

Danko, D. M. (1992). The digital chart of the world project. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 58(8), 1125–1128.

Davies, R., Orme, C., Olson, V., Thomas, G., Ross, S., Ding, T., Rasmussen, P., Strattersfield, A., Bennett, P., Blackburn, T., Owens, I., & Gaston, K. (2006). Human impacts and the global distribution of extinction risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 2127–2133.

Dobson, J. E., Bright, E. A., Coleman, P. R., Durfee, R. C., & Worley, B. A. (2000). Landscan: A global population database for estimating populations at risk. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 66(7), 849–857.

Doll, C. N. H., Muller, J. P., & Morley, J. G. (2006). Mapping regional economic activity from night-time light satellite imagery. Ecological Economics, 57(1), 75–92.

Douglas, I. (1994). Human settlements. In W. B. Meyer & B. L. Turner II (Eds.), Changes in land use and land cover: A global perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ehrlich, P. R. (1991). Population diversity and the future of ecosystems. Science, 254, 175.

El Araby, M. (2002). Urban growth and environmental degradation. Cities, 19, 389–400.

Elvidge, C. D., Imhoff, M. L., Baugh, K. E., Hobson, V. R., Nelson, I., Safran, J., Dietz, J. B., & Tuttle, B. T. (2001). Nighttime lights of the world: 1994–95. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 56(2), 81–99.

Elvidge, C., Milesi, C., Dietz, J., Tuttle, B., Sutton, P., Nemani, R., & Vogelmann, J. (2004). US constructed area approaches the size of Ohio. EOS: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 85(24), 233.

Folke, C., Jansson, A., Larsson, J., & Costanza, R. (1997). Ecosystem appropriation by cities. Ambio, 26, 167–172.

Friedl, M., McIver, D., Hodges, J., Zhang, X., Muchoney, D., Strahler, A., Woodcock, A., Gopal, S., Schneider, A., Cooper, A., Baccini, A., Gao, F., & Schaaf, C. (2002). Global land cover mapping from MODIS: Algorithms and early results. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 287–302.

Giri, C., Zhu, Z. L., & Reed, B. (2005). A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 94(1), 123–132.

Goldewijk, K. (2001). Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE database. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(2), 417–434.

Goldewijk, K. (2005). Three centuries of global population growth: A spatially referenced population density database for 1700–2000. Population and Environment, 26(5), 343–367.

Goldewijk, K., & Ramankutty, N. (2004). Land cover change over the last three centuries due to human activities: The availability of new global data sets. Geojournal, 61, 335–344.

Global Land Cover Facility, website: http://www.glcf.umiacs.umd.edu .

Greyner, R., Orme, C., Jackson, S., Thomas, G., Davies, R., Davies, T., Jones, K., Olson, V., Ridgely, R., Rasmussen, P., Ding, T., Bennett, P., Blackburn, T, Gaston, K., Gittleman, J., & Owens, I. (2006). Global distribution and conservation of rare and threatened vertebrates. Nature, 444(2), 93–96.

Grübler, A. (1994). Technology. In W. B. Meyer & B. L. Turner II (Eds.), Changes in land use and land cover: A global perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Hansen, M. C., & Reed, B. (2000). A comparison of the IGBP DISCover and University of Maryland 1 km global land cover products. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 1365–1373.

Henderson, M., Yeh, E. T., Gong, P., Elvidge, C., & Baugh, K. (2003). Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 595–609.

Herold, M., Woodcock, C., Gregorio, A., Mayaux, P., Belward, A., Latham, J., & Schmullius, C. (2006). A joint initiative for harmonization and validation of land cover datasets. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, 44(7), 1719–1727.

Imhoff, M. L., Lawrence, W. T., Stutzer, D. C., & Elvidge, C. D. (1997). A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS “City Lights” satellite data to accurately map urban areas. Remote Sensing of Environment, 61, 361–370.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Working Group II Report: Climate Change 2007, Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability—Summary for Policymakers, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.

Jung, M., Henkel, K., Herold, M., & Churkina, G. (2006). Exploiting synergies of global land cover products for carbon cycle modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101, 534–553.

Kaye, J., Groffman, P. M., Grumm, N. B., Baker, L. A., & Pouyat, R. V. (2006). A distinct urban biogeochemistry? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(4), 192–198.

Keiser, J., Utzinger, J., De Castro, M. C., Smith, T. A., Tanner, M., & Singer, B. H. (2004). Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa and implication for malaria control. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71(2), 118–127.

Kendall, M. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30, 81–89.

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33, 169–174.

Latifovic, R., & Olthof, I. (2004). Accuracy assessment using sub-pixel fractional error matrices of global land cover products derived from satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90, 153–165.

Loveland, T. R., Reed, B. C., Brown, J. F., Ohlen, D. O., Zhu, J, Yang, L., & Merchant, J. W. (2000). Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 1303–1330.

Massey, D. (1996). The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century. Demography, 33(4), 395–412.

Massey, D. (2005). Strangers in a strange land: Humans in an urbanizing world. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.

Mayaux, P., Eva, H., Gallego, J., Strahler, A. H., Herold, M., Agrawal, S., Naumov, S., Miranda, E., Bella, C., Ordoyne, C., Kopin, Y., & Roy, P. (2006). Validation of the Global Land Cover 2000 map. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7), 1728–1739.

McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. (2000). Environmental health of ecological sustainability: Reconciling the brown and green agendas in urban development. In C. Pugh (Ed.), Sustainable cities in developing countries: Theory and practice at the millennium (pp. 53–72). London, UK: Earthscan Publishers.

Milesi, C., Elvidge, C. D., Nemani, R. R., & Running, S. W. (2003). Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the southeastern United States. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 86(3), 401–410.

Monserud, R, & Leemans, R. (1992). Comparing global vegetation maps with the Kappa statistic. Ecological Modeling, 62, 275–293.

Montgomery, M., Stren, R., Cohen, B., & Reed, H. (2003). Cities transformed: Demographic change and its implications in the developing world. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

National Geophysical Data Center. (2007). Nighttime Lights data available at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/sensors/ols.html .

Oke, T. R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 108, 1–24.

Ozdogan, M., & Woodcock, C. E. (2006). Resolution dependent errors in remote sensing of cultivated areas. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 103(2), 203–217.

Peters-Lidard, C. D., Kumar, S., Tian, Y., Eastman, J. L., & Houser, P. (2004). Global urban-scale land-atmosphere modeling with the land information system. Symposium on Planning, Nowcasting, and Forecasting in the Urban Zone, 84th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, 11–15 January 2004, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Pickett, S., Burch, W., Dalton, S., Foresman, T., Grove, M., & Rowntree, R. (1997). A conceptual framework for the study of human ecosystems in urban areas. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 186–199.

Quigley, J. M. (1998). Urban diversity and economic growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37, 426–434.

Rees, W. E. (1992). Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out. Environment and Urbanization, 4, 121–130.

Sahr, K., White, D., & Kimerling, A. (2003). Geodesic discrete global grid systems. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30(2), 121–134.

Sassen, S. (1994). Cities in a world economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge-Sage Press.

Schneider, A., Friedl, M. A., Mciver, D. K., & Woodcock, C. E. (2003). Mapping urban areas by fusing multiple sources of coarse resolution remotely sensed data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 69(12), 1377–1386.

Schneider, A., Friedl, M. A., & Woodcock, C. E. (2005). Mapping urban areas by fusing multiple sources of coarse resolution remotely sensed data: Global results. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Remote Sensing of Urban Areas, 14–16 March, Tempe, Arizona.

Schneider, A., & Woodcock C. E. (in press). Compact, dispersed, fragmented, extensive? A comparison of urban expansion in 25 global cities using remotely sensed data, pattern metrics and census information. Urban Studies.

See, L. M., & Fritz, S. (2006). A method to compare and improve land cover datasets: Application to the GLC-2000 and MODIS land cover products. IEEE Transactions in Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7), 1740–1746.

Small, C., & Cohen, J. (2004). Continental physiography, climate, and the global distribution of human population. Current Anthropology, 45(2), 269–277.

Small, C., Pozzi, F., & Elvidge, C. D. (2005). Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night lights. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 96, 277–291.

Stren, R., White, R., & Whitney, J. (1992). Sustainable cities: Urbanization and the environment in international perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Sutton, P., Roberts, D., Elvidge, C., & Meij, H. (1997). A comparison of night-time satellite imagery and population density for the continental United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 63, 1303–1313.

Tatem, A. J., Noor, A. M., & Hay, S. I. (2005). Assessing the accuracy of satellite derived global and national urban maps in Kenya. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 96(1), 87–97.

Travis, J. (2005). Scientists’ fears come true as hurricane floods New Orleans. Science, 309, 1656–1659.

Tucker, C. J., Grant, D. M., & Dykstra, J. D. (2004). NASA’s global orthorectified Landsat data set. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 70, 313–322.

Tuttle, B. (2007). Global mapping of impervious surface area. San Francisco, CA: 2007 Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers.

Unger, J., Sumeghy, Z., Bottyan, Z., & Musci, L. (2001). Land use and meteorological aspects of the urban heat island. Meteorological Applications, 8, 189–194.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). (2003). The challenge of slums: Global report on human settlements, 2003 (310 pp.). London, United Kingdom: Earthscan Publications.

UN Population Division. (2005). United Nations World Urbanization Prospects—The 2005 Revision, online at http://www.esa.un.org/unup , last accessed April 15, 2007.

UN Statistics Division (2007). http://www.unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm .

Utzinger, J., & Keiser, J. (2006). Urbanization and tropical health – then and now. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100(5–6), 517–533.

Van Vliet, W. (2002). Cities in a globalizing world: From engines of growth to agents of change. Environment and Urbanization, 14, 31–40.

Welch, R. (1980). Monitoring urban population and energy utilization patterns from satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 9, 1–9.

Wratten, E. (1995). Conceptualizing urban poverty. Environment and Urbanization, 7, 11–38.

Yang, L., Huange, C., Homer, C., Wylie, B., & Coan, M. (2003). An approach for mapping large-area impervious surfaces: Synergistic use of Landsat 7 ETM+ and high spatial resolution imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(2), 230–240.

Zhang, X. Y., Friedl, M. A., Schaaf, C. B., Strahler, A. H., & Schneider, A. (2004). The footprint of urban climates on vegetation phenology. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(12), L12209.