A conceptual model to integrate the regional context in landscape policy, management and contribution to rural development: Literature review and European case study evidence

Adevi, 2011, Preferences for landscapes: a matter of cultural determinants or innate reflexes that point to our evolutionary background?, Landsc. Res., 37, 27, 10.1080/01426397.2011.576884 Armitage, 2012, Environmental governance and its implications for conservation practice, Conserv. Lett., 5, 245, 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00238.x Balmford, 2008 Beichler, 2014, The role played by social-ecological resilience as a method of integration in interdisciplinary research, Ecol. Soc., 19, 10.5751/ES-06583-190304 Belletti, 2015, Linking protection of geographical indications to the environment: evidence from the European Union olive-oil sector, Land Use Policy, 48, 94, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.003 Berger, 2001, Agent-based spatial models applied to agriculture: a simulation tool for technology diffusion, resource use changes and policy analysis, Agric. Econ., 25, 245, 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00205.x Bergmann, 2007, Multifunctionality and pluriactivity across Europe – a comparison between Scotland and Austria, J. Österreich. Gesellschaft Agrarök., 16, 17 Berkes, 1998 Bjørkhaug, 2013, Development of organic farming in Norway: a statistical analysis of neighbourhood effects, Geoforum, 45, 201, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.11.005 Bock, 2015, The ecosystem services concept: gaps between science and practice in river landscape management, Gaia-Ecol. Perspect. Sci. Soc., 24, 32 Boncinelli, 2015, Spatial analysis of the participation in agri-environment measures for organic farming, Renew. Agric. Food Syst. Braat, 2012, The ecosystem services agenda: bridging the worlds of natural science and economics, conservation and development, and public and private policy, Ecosyst. Serv., 1, 4, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.011 Broch, 2012, Farmers' willingness to provide ecosystem services and effects of their spatial distribution, Ecol. Econ., 92, 78, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.12.017 Burton, 2014, The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour: a review, J. Environ. Manage., 135, 19, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.005 Carmona-Torres, 2011, Collective action for multi-scale environmental management: achieving landscape policy objectives through cooperation of local resource managers, Landsc. Urban Plan., 103, 24, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.009 Conrad, 2011, Rhetoric and reporting of public participation in landscape policy, J. Environ. Planning Policy Manage., 13, 23, 10.1080/1523908X.2011.560449 Cooke, 2015, Re-thinking rural-amenity ecologies for environmental management in the Anthropocene, Geoforum, 65, 232, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.08.007 Cooper, 2009 Copus, 2011 Costanza, 2008, Ecosystem services: multiple classification systems are needed, Biol. Cons., 141, 350, 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.020 de Loë, 2009 Del Corso, 2015, Legitimizing farmers' new knowledge, learning and practices through communicative action: application of an agro-environmental policy, Ecol. Econ., 117, 86, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.05.017 Dissart, 2007, Landscapes and regional development: what are the links?, Cahiers d’écon. sociol. rurales, 84–85, 62 Duru, 2015, How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 35, 1, 10.1007/s13593-015-0306-1 ENRD, 2010 Evans, 1997, Towards a geography of agri-environmental policies in England and Wales, Geoforum, 28, 189, 10.1016/S0016-7185(97)00003-1 Fagerholm, 2012, Community stakeholders’ knowledge in landscape assessments – mapping indicators for landscape services, Ecol. Ind., 18, 421, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.004 Ferreyra, 2008, Imagined communities, contested watersheds: challenges to integrated water resources management in agricultural areas, J. Rural Stud., 24, 304, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.11.001 García-Martín, 2016, Integrated landscape initiatives in Europe: multi-sector collaboration in multi-functional landscapes, Land Use Policy, 58, 43, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.001 Görg, 2007, Landscape governance: the “politics of scale” and the “natural” conditions of places, Geoforum, 38, 954, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.01.004 Greene, 1989, Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs, Educ. Eval. Policy Anal., 11, 255, 10.3102/01623737011003255 Häfner, K., Zasada, I., van Zanten, B., Koetse, M., Ungaro, F., Piorr, A., forthcoming. Assessing landscape preferences: a visual choice experiment in the agricultural region of Märkische Schweiz, Germany. Landsc. Res. Haines-Young, 2010, The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being, 110 Hart, 2011 Hartter, 2014, Contrasting perceptions of ecosystem services of an African forest park, Environ. Conserv., 41, 330, 10.1017/S0376892914000071 Healey, 2010 Hein, 2006, Spatial scales, stakeholders and the valuation of ecosystem services, Ecol. Econ., 57, 209, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.005 Herzon, 2007, Farmers' perceptions of biodiversity and their willingness to enhance it through agri-environment schemes: a comparative study from Estonia and Finland, J. Nat. Conserv., 15, 10, 10.1016/j.jnc.2006.08.001 Hien, 2014, Target groups of rural development policies, Outlook Agric., 43, 75, 10.5367/oa.2014.0165 Howley, 2012, Exploring public preferences for traditional farming landscapes, Landsc. Urban Plan., 104, 66, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.09.006 Ilbery, 1998 Ilbery, 1986 Kerselaers, 2013, Changing land use in the countryside: stakeholders’ perception of the ongoing rural planning processes in Flanders, Land Use Policy, 32, 197, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.016 Kiesling, 2012, Agent-based simulation of innovation diffusion: a review, CEJOR, 20, 183, 10.1007/s10100-011-0210-y Kragt, 2014, Quantifying ecosystem services trade-offs from agricultural practices, Ecol. Econ., 102, 147, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.04.001 Lambin, 2011, Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 3465, 10.1073/pnas.1100480108 Lange, 2013, Spatial differentiation of farm diversification: how rural attractiveness and vicinity to cities determine farm households response to the CAP, Land Use Policy, 136, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.02.010 Lange, 2015, Sustainability in land management: an analysis of stakeholder perceptions in rural Northern Germany, Sustainability, 7, 683, 10.3390/su7010683 Läpple, 2015, Spatial dependence in the adoption of organic drystock farming in Ireland, Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ., 42, 315, 10.1093/erae/jbu024 Lefebvre, 2015, Agricultural landscapes as multi-scale public good and the role of the Common Agricultural Policy, J. Environ. Planning Manage., 58, 2088, 10.1080/09640568.2014.891975 Liu, 2013, Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world, Ecol. Soc., 18, 26, 10.5751/ES-05873-180226 López-i-Gelats, 2013, Is mountain farming no longer viable?, 89 Maestre Andrés, 2012, Ineffective biodiversity policy due to five rebound effects, Ecosyst. Serv., 1, 101, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.003 Manrique, 2015, A Bayesian network highlighting the linkages between landscape structure and the local economy: the case of agritourism in lowland areas of Northern Italy, J. Environ. Planning Manage., 58, 2137, 10.1080/09640568.2015.1059738 Marquardt, 2012, Social networks and rural development: leader in Romania, Sociol. Ruralis, 52, 398, 10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00571.x Matthews, 2006, Landscape as a focus for integrating human and environmental processes, J. Agric. Econ., 57, 199, 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2006.00047.x McCracken, 2015, Social and ecological drivers of success in agri-environment schemes: the roles of farmers and environmental context, J. Appl. Ecol., 52, 696, 10.1111/1365-2664.12412 Meert, 2005, Farm household survival strategies and diversification on marginal farms, J. Rural Stud., 21, 81, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.08.007 Meraner, 2015, Determinants of farm diversification in the Netherlands, Land Use Policy, 42, 767, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.013 Mewes, 2015, A systematic approach for assessing spatially and temporally differentiated opportunity costs of biodiversity conservation measures in grasslands, Agric. Syst., 137, 76, 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.03.010 Meyer, 2015, Design rules for successful governmental payments for ecosystem services: taking agri-environmental measures in Germany as an example, J. Environ. Manage., 157, 146, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.053 Moran, 2005 Moran, 2007, Quantifying public preferences for agri-environmental policy in Scotland: a comparison of methods, Ecol. Econ., 63, 42, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.018 Morgan, 2011, Social learning among organic farmers and the application of the communities of practice framework, J. Agric. Educ. Extens., 17, 99, 10.1080/1389224X.2011.536362 Morris, 1995, Recruiting the new conservationists: farmers' adoption of agri-environmental schemes in the U.K, J. Rural Stud., 11, 51, 10.1016/0743-0167(94)00037-A Mullendore, 2015, U.S. farmers’ sense of place and its relation to conservation behavior, Landsc. Urban Plan., 140, 67, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.005 Munton, 2009, Rural land ownership in the United Kingdom: changing patterns and future possibilities for land use, Land Use Policy, 26, S54, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.08.012 Murdoch, 2003 Murphy, 2014, An investigation into the type of farmer who chose to participate in Rural Environment Protection Scheme (REPS) and the role of institutional change in influencing scheme effectiveness, Land Use Policy, 39, 199, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.02.015 Noe, 2015, Sustainable agriculture issues explained by differentiation and structural coupling using social systems analysis, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 35, 133, 10.1007/s13593-014-0243-4 OECD, 2006 Overbeek, 2009, Opportunities for rural-urban relationships to enhance the rural landscape, J. Environ. Planning Policy Manage., 11, 61, 10.1080/15239080902775058 Page, 2015, Farmers value on-farm ecosystem services as important, but what are the impediments to participation in PES schemes?, Sci. Total Environ., 515, 12, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.029 Pahl-Wostl, 2013, Transition towards a new global change science: requirements for methodologies, methods, data and knowledge, Environ. Sci. Policy, 28, 36, 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.11.009 Palang, 2010, Time boundaries and landscape change: collective farms 1947–1994, Eur. Countryside, 169 Pascucci, S., Capitanio, F., Adinolfi, F., De Magistris, T., 2011. Factors affecting participation of Italian farmers in rural development policy. 122nd EAAE Seminar “Evidence-based Agricultural and Rural Policy Making: Methodological and Empirical Challenges of Policy Evaluation”. Ancona. Pfeifer, 2009, Landscape properties as drivers for farm diversification: a Dutch case study, Land Use Policy, 26, 1106, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.01.007 Pinto-Correia, 2006, Bridging the gap between centrally defined policies and local decisions – towards more sensitive and creative rural landscape management, Landsc. Ecol., 21, 333, 10.1007/s10980-005-4720-7 Piorr, 2009 Piorr, 2009, Integrated assessment of future CAP policies: land use changes, spatial patterns and targeting, Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 1122, 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.01.001 Piorr, 2015, The spatial dimension of Public Payments for Rural Development: evidence on allocation practices, impact mechanisms, CMEF indicators, and scope for improvement, Ecol. Ind., 59, 1, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.060 Plieninger, 2012, Connecting cultural landscape to resilience, 3 Prager, 2009, Stakeholder involvement in agri-environmental policy making – learning from a local and a state-level approach in Germany, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 1154, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.005 Prager, 2012, Encouraging collaboration for the provision of ecosystem services at a landscape scale—rethinking agri-environmental payments, Land Use Policy, 29, 244, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.06.012 Primdahl, 2016, Landscape strategy making and landscape characterisation—experiences from Danish experimental planning processes, Landsc. Res., 41, 1, 10.1080/01426397.2015.1135322 Primdahl, 2013, The farmer and landscape management: different roles, different policy approaches, Geogr. Compass, 7, 300, 10.1111/gec3.12040 Raggi, 2015, The role of policy priorities and targeting in the spatial location of participation in Agri-Environmental Schemes in Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Land Use Policy, 47, 78, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.03.005 Rawlins, 2010, Social and economic aspects of peatland management in Northern Europe, with particular reference to the English case, Geoderma, 154, 242, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.02.022 Ray, 2010, The EU LEADER Programme: rural development laboratory, Sociol. Ruralis, 40, 163, 10.1111/1467-9523.00138 Reed, 2008, Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review, Biol. Cons., 141, 2417, 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014 Robinson, 2004 Rodríguez-Entrena, 2013, Adoption of conservation agriculture in olive groves: evidences from southern Spain, Land Use Policy, 34, 294, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.002 Rodríguez-Entrena, 2014, Determining economic and social factors in the adoption of cover crops under mower control in olive groves, Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst., 38, 69, 10.1080/21683565.2013.819478 Rodríguez-Entrena, 2014, The role of ancillary benefits on the value of agricultural soils carbon sequestration programmes: evidence from a latent class approach to Andalusian olive groves, Ecol. Econ., 99, 63, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.01.006 Rogers, 2003 Schmidtner, 2011, Spatial distribution of organic farming in Germany: does neighbourhood matter?, Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ., 1 Scholte, 2015, Integrating socio-cultural perspectives into ecosystem service valuation: a review of concepts and methods, Ecol. Econ., 114, 67, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.007 Schomers, 2015, How local intermediaries improve the effectiveness of public payment for ecosystem services programs: the role of networks and agri-environmental assistance, Sustainability, 7, 13856, 10.3390/su71013856 Sevenant, 2010, Transdisciplinary landscape planning: does the public have aspirations? Experiences from a case study in Ghent (Flanders, Belgium), Land Use Policy, 27, 373, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.05.005 Shucksmith, 2005 Sutherland, 2012, Triggering change: towards a conceptualisation of major change processes in farm decision-making, J. Environ. Manage., 104, 142, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.013 Taylor, 2015, Local institutions and farmer participation in agri-environmental schemes, J. Rural Stud., 37, 10, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.11.011 Termorshuizen, 2009, Landscape services as a bridge between landscape ecology and sustainable development, Landsc. Ecol., 24, 1037, 10.1007/s10980-008-9314-8 Ungaro, 2016, Mapping cultural ecosystem services: connecting visual landscape quality to cost estimations for enhanced services provision, Land Use Policy, 54, 399, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.02.007 Ungaro, 2014, Mapping landscape services, spatial synergies and trade-offs: a case study using variogram models and geostatistical simulations in an agrarian landscape in North-East Germany, Ecol. Ind., 46, 367, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.06.039 Uthes, 2010, Spatial targeting of agri-environmental measures: cost-effectiveness and distributional consequences, Environ. Manage., 46, 494, 10.1007/s00267-010-9518-y v. Haaren, 2008, Integrated landscape planning and remuneration of agri-environmental services: results of a case study in the Fuhrberg region of Germany, J. Environ. Manage., 89, 209, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.058 van Berkel, 2010, Sensitising rural policy: assessing spatial variation in rural development options for Europe, Land Use Policy, 28, 447, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.09.002 van der Ploeg, 2010, Farming styles research: the state of the art van Leeuwen, 2015, Urban-rural synergies: an explorative study at the NUTS3 level, Appl. Spat. Anal. Policy, 8, 273, 10.1007/s12061-015-9167-x van Zanten, 2014, European agricultural landscapes, common agricultural policy and ecosystem services: a review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 309, 10.1007/s13593-013-0183-4 van Zanten, 2014, Preferences for European agrarian landscapes: a meta-analysis of case studies, Landsc. Urban Plan., 132, 89, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.012 van Zanten, 2016, A comparative study of visitor's visual preferences in a Dutch and German agricultural landscape, Ecosyst. Serv., 17, 87, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.11.011 Viaggi, 2013, Spatial patterns of change in agriculture and the role of the Common Agricultural Policy, Outlook Agric., 42, 25, 10.5367/oa.2013.0114 Villanueva, 2015, The design of agri-environmental schemes: farmers’ preferences in southern Spain, Land Use Policy, 46, 142, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.02.009 Villanueva, 2015, Assessing the role of economic actors in the production of private and public goods in three EU agricultural landscapes, J. Environ. Planning Manage., 58, 2113, 10.1080/09640568.2014.1001022 Visser, 2007, The Irish agri-environment: how turlough users and non-users view converging EU agendas of Natura 2000 and CAP, Land Use Policy, 24, 362, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2006.04.004 Waltert, 2011, The role of landscape amenities in regional development: evidence from Swiss municipality data, Land Use Policy, 28, 748, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.01.002 Weingarten, 2010 Weltin, 2017, Analysing behavioural differences of farm households: an example of income diversification strategies based on European farm survey data, Land Use Policy, 62, 172, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.041 Whittingham, 2007, Should conservation strategies consider spatial generality? Farmland birds show regional not national patterns of habitat association, Ecol. Lett., 10, 35 Woods, 2005 Wossen, 2013, Social network effects on the adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices in Ethiopia, Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol., 20, 477, 10.1080/13504509.2013.856048 Wünscher, 2008, Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services: a tool for boosting conservation benefits, Ecol. Econ., 65, 822, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.014 Zasada, 2011, Multifunctional peri-urban areas – a review of societal demands and agricultural provision of goods and services, Land Use Policy, 28, 639, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.01.008 Zasada, 2013, Horsekeeping and the peri-urban development in the Berlin Metropolitan Region, J. Land Use Sci., 8, 199, 10.1080/1747423X.2011.628706 Zasada, 2015, The role of local framework conditions for the adoption of rural development policy: an example of diversification, tourism development and village renewal in Brandenburg, Germany, Ecol. Ind., 59, 82, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.02.002 Zasada, 2015, Between capital investments and capacity building—development and application of a conceptual framework towards a place-based rural development policy, Land Use Policy, 46, 178, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.11.023 Zavalloni, 2015, Agricultural policies and the emergence of voluntary landscape enhancement efforts: an exploratory analysis of rural tourism using an agent-based model, J. Environ. Planning Manage., 58, 2159, 10.1080/09640568.2015.1033515 Zimmermann, 2016, European farms’ participation in agri-environmental measures, Land Use Policy, 50, 214, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.019 Zscheischler, 2015, Transdisciplinarity in land use science – a review of concepts, empirical findings and current practices, Futures, 65, 28, 10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.005