A comparative empirical examination of extent of disclosure by private and public colleges and universities in the United States

Journal of Accounting and Public Policy - Tập 21 - Trang 235-275 - 2002
Teresa Gordon1, Mary Fischer2, David Malone3, Greg Tower4
1University of Idaho, USA
2University of Texas at Tyler, College of Business Administration, 3900 University Boulevard, Tyler, TX 75701, USA
3Texas Tech University, USA (
4Murdoch University, Australia

Tài liệu tham khảo

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), 1973. Audits of Colleges and Universities (Industry Audit Guide). American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., New York Baber, 1983, Toward understanding the role of auditing in the public sector, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 213, 10.1016/0165-4101(83)90013-7 Baker, 1977, Disclosure of material information: a cross-national comparison, International Journal of Accounting, 13, 1 Banker, 1989, Factors influencing school district financial reporting practices, vol. 5, 27 Banks, 1994, Financial disclosures by Ontario universities: 1988–1993, Journal of International Accounting Auditing and Taxation, 3, 287, 10.1016/1061-9518(94)90022-1 Baron, 1995, Commentary, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6, 217, 10.1002/nml.4130060211 Belsley, 1980 Brace, P.K., Elkin, R., Robinson, D.D., Steinberg, H.I., 1980. Reporting of Service Efforts and Accomplishments. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Brinkman, P.T., 1984. A Comparison of Expenditure Patterns in Four-Year Public and Private Colleges. National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, Boulder, CO Brown, 1993, History of financial reporting models for American colleges and universities: 1910 to the present, The Accounting Historians Journal, 20, 1, 10.2308/0148-4184.20.2.1 Brubacher, 1976 Buzby, 1974, Selected items of information and their disclosure in annual reports, The Accounting Review, 49, 423 Buzby, 1975, Company size, listed versus unlisted stocks, and the extent of financial disclosure, Journal of Accounting Research, 13, 16, 10.2307/2490647 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1994. A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (Carnegie Foundation Technical Report). Carnegie Foundation, Princeton, NJ. Also available at <http://www.carnegiefoundatioanorg/Classification/index.htm> Carren, 1958 Cave, 1991 Cheng, 1992, An empirical analysis of theories on factors influencing state government accounting disclosure, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 11, 1, 10.1016/0278-4254(92)90013-N Cerf, 1961 Choi, 1973, Financial disclosure and entry to the European capital market, Journal of Accounting Research, 11, 159, 10.2307/2490187 Chow, 1987, Voluntary financial disclosure by Mexican corporations, The Accounting Review, 62, 533 Cohen, 1991, Dummy variables in stepwise regression, The American Statistician, 45, 226, 10.2307/2684296 Cooke, 1991, An assessment of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of Japanese corporations, The International Journal of Accounting, 26, 174 Copeland, 1968, Extent of disclosure, Journal of Accounting Research, 6, 106, 10.2307/2490127 Copley, 1989, Municipal Audit fees: a survey and analysis, Government Finance Review, 5, 21 Coy, 1996, Annual reports: tertiary education, Chartered Accountants Journal, September, 35 Coy, 2001, Public accountability: a new paradigm for college and university annual reports, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 12, 1, 10.1006/cpac.2000.0416 Coy, 1993, Quantifying the quality of tertiary education annual reports, Accounting and Finance, 33, 121, 10.1111/j.1467-629X.1993.tb00323.x Coy, 1994, Public sector reform in New Zealand: the progress of tertiary education annual reports, 1990–1992, Financial Accountability and Management, 10, 253, 10.1111/j.1468-0408.1994.tb00011.x Daley, 1983, The effects of debt covenants and political costs on the choice of accounting methods, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 195, 10.1016/0165-4101(83)90012-5 DeAngelo, 1981, Auditor size and audit quality, The Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3, 183, 10.1016/0165-4101(81)90002-1 Deis, 1992, Determinants of audit quality in the public sector, The Accounting Review, 67, 462 Dickmeyer, N., Hughes, K.S., 1980. Financial Self-Assessment: A Workbook for Colleges. National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO), Washington, DC Dixon, 1991, External reporting by New Zealand universities, 1985–89: Improving accountability, Financial Accountability and Management, 7, 159, 10.1111/j.1468-0408.1991.tb00348.x Dixon, K., Coy, D., Tower, G., 1994. Tertiary education institutions’ annual reports. New Zealand Ministry of Education Study Engstrom, J.H., 1988. Information Needs of College and University Financial Decision Makers. Research Report. Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Engstrom, 1997, Different formats, same user needs: A comparison of the FASB and GASB college and university financial reporting models, Accounting Horizons, 11, 16 Fama, 1983, Separation of ownership and control, Journal of Law and Economics, 26, 301, 10.1086/467037 Farrar, 1967, Multicollinearity in regression analysis: the problem revisited, Review of Economics and Statistics, 49, 92, 10.2307/1937887 Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 1987. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 93––Recognition of Depreciation by Not-For-Profit Organizations. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 1993a. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 116––Accounting for Contributions Received and Made. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 1993b. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 117––Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). 1980. Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC) No. 4––Objectives of Financial Reporting by Nonbusiness Organizations. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Firth, 1979, The impact of size, stock market listing, and auditors on voluntary disclosure in corporate annual reports, Accounting and Business Research, 9, 273, 10.1080/00014788.1979.9729168 Fischer, 1997, Two accounting standard setters: one industry, Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 9, 251, 10.1108/JPBAFM-09-02-1997-B004 Fischer, 1991, Toward better annual reports for colleges and universities, Government Accountants Journal, 40, 35 Fosberg, 1989, Outside directors and managerial monitoring, Akron Business and Economic Review, 20, 24 Foster, 1986 Gardner, 1985 Geiger, 1986 Geiger, 1988, Public and private sectors in higher education: a comparison of international patterns, Higher Education, 17, 699, 10.1007/BF00143782 Giroux, 1989, Political interest and governmental accounting disclosure, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 8, 199, 10.1016/0278-4254(89)90004-5 Gordon, T., Fischer, M., 1990. Reporting performance: Using financial and nonfinancial data. NACUBO Business Officer, July, pp. 28–31 Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1991. Statement No. 14––The Financial Reporting Entity. Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1988. Statement No. 8––Applicability of FASB Statement No. 93, “Recognition of Depreciation by Not-for-Profit Organizations,” to Certain State and Local Governmental Entities. Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1987. Concepts Statement No. 1: Objectives of Financial Reporting (May). Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1994. Concepts Statement No. 2: Service Efforts and Accomplishments (April). Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1995. Statement No. 29: The Use of Not-for-Profit Accounting and Financial Reporting Principles by Governmental Entities. Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1999a. Statement No. 34: Basic Financial Statements––and Management Discussion and Analysis––for State and Local Governments (June). Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), 1999b. Statement No. 35: Basic Financial Statements––and Management Discussion and Analysis––for Public Colleges and Universities (November). Government Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT Gray, 1990, External reporting by UK universities: an exploratory study of accounting change, Financial Accountability and Management, 6, 51, 10.1111/j.1468-0408.1990.tb00098.x 1990 1961, Vol. II Higher Education Directory, 1993. Higher Education Publications, Inc., Falls Church, VA Holsti, 1969 Hossain, 1995, Voluntary financial disclosure by Australian listed companies, Australian Accounting Review, 5, 45, 10.1111/j.1835-2561.1995.tb00381.x Hossain, 1994, Voluntary disclosure in an emerging capital market: some evidence from companies listed on the Kuala Lumper stock exchange, The International Journal of Accounting, 29, 334 Ingram, 1998, Sweeping reform of public trusteeship? Yes, it’s time for change, Trusteeship, 6, 11 Ingram, 1984, Economic incentives and the choice of state government accounting practices, Journal of Accounting Research, 22, 126, 10.2307/2490704 Jensen, 1976, Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305, 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X Judge, 1982 Kurtenbach, 1994, Public sector research in accounting: a review and synthesis, Public Budgeting and Financial Management, 6, 216, 10.1108/JPBAFM-06-02-1994-B003 Lawry, 1995, Accountability and nonprofit organizations: an ethical perspective, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6, 171, 10.1002/nml.4130060206 Leftwich, 1981, Voluntary corporate disclosure: the case of interim reporting, Journal of Accounting Research, 19, 50, 10.2307/2490984 Lim, 1993, Voluntary disclosure by NSW statutory authorities: the influence of political visibility, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 12, 189, 10.1016/0278-4254(93)90027-9 Madsen, H., 1998. Composition of Governing Board of Public Colleges and Universities. Association of Governing Boards, Washington, DC Malone, 1993, An empirical investigation of the extent of corporate financial disclosure in the oil and gas industry, Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, 8, 249, 10.1177/0148558X9300800306 Marston, 1991, The use of disclosure indices in accounting research: a review article, The British Accounting Review, 23, 195, 10.1016/0890-8389(91)90080-L McGuinness, 1994 McNally, 1982, Corporate financial reporting in New Zealand: an analysis of user preferences, corporate characteristics and disclosure practices for discretionary information, Accounting and Business Research, 13, 11, 10.1080/00014788.1982.9729725 Moisan, 1992, Because that’s where the money is, AGB Reports, 34, 8 Myers, 1977, Determinants of corporate borrowing, Journal of Financial Economics, 4, 147, 10.1016/0304-405X(77)90015-0 National Association of College and University Business Officers, 1990. Financial Accounting and Reporting Manual for Higher Education. National Association of College and University Business Officers, Washington, DC National Center for Education Statistics, 1996. Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System 1993. US Department of Education, Washington, DC. Also available at <http://nces.ed.gov> Neter, 1989 Ott, 1993 Peat Marwick Mitchell & Co, 1985. Principles and Presentation: Higher Education, A Review of Annual Reports. Pear Marwick Mitchell & Co., New York, NY Plewa, Jr., F.J., 1983. An empirical investigation of the extent of disclosure in municipal annual reports. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Raman, 1992, An empirical investigation of the market for “single audit” services, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 11, 271, 10.1016/0278-4254(92)90001-E Raman, 1994, Governmental audit procurement practices and seasoned bond prices, The Accounting Review, 69, 517 Robbins, 1986, Disclosure quality in governmental financial reports: An assessment of the appropriateness of a compound measure, Journal of Accounting Research, 24, 412, 10.2307/2491145 Rosenstein, 1990, Outside directors, board independence, and shareholder wealth, Journal of Financial Economics, 26, 175, 10.1016/0304-405X(90)90002-H Rubin, 1992, Municipal selection of a state or external auditor for financial statement audits, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 11, 155, 10.1016/0278-4254(92)90021-O Rubin, 1992, Municipal official’s perceptions of state and external auditors, Government Accountants Journal, 41, 33 Salluzzo, 1999 Sanders, 1993, Signaling government financial reporting quality to credit analysis, Public Budgeting and Finance, 13, 73, 10.1111/1540-5850.00984 Schipper, 1981, Discussion of voluntary corporate disclosure: the case of interim reporting, The Journal of Accounting Research, 19, 85, 10.2307/2490986 Singhvi, 1971, An empirical analysis of the quality of corporate financial disclosure, The Accounting Review, 46, 129 Snyder, T.D., Hoffinan, C.M., Geddes, C.M., 1996. Digest of Education Statistics 1996 (NCES 96-133). US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC Stecklow, 1995, Cheat sheets: colleges inflate SATs and graduation rates in popular guidebooks, Wall Street Journal, A1 Wallace, 1995, Firm-specific determinants of the comprehensiveness of mandatory disclosure in the corporate annual reports of firms listed on the stock exchange of Hong Kong, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 14, 311, 10.1016/0278-4254(95)00042-9 Watts, 1986 Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, and The College Board, 1993. High School Graduates: Projections by State 1992–2009. Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Boulder, CO Wright, 1974, Impact of CPA firm size on auditor disclosure preferences, The Accounting Review, 58, 621 Zemski, 1996, Rumbling, Policy Perspectives, 7, 1