A Territory-wide Study Investigating the Dose and Efficacy of Different Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strains in Patients with Intermediate- and High-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Kang Liu1, Hongda Zhao1, Xuan Chen1, Rossella Nicoletti1,2, Nikhil Vasdev3,4, Peter Ka-Fung Chiu1, Chi-Fai Ng1, Tatsushi Kawada5, Ekaterina Laukhtina6, Keiichiro Mori7, Takafumi Yanagisawa6,7, David D'Andrea6, Markus von Deimling8, Simone Albisinni9, Wojciech Krajewski10, Benjamin Pradere6,11, Francesco Soria12, Marco Moschini13, Dmitry Enikeev6,14,15,16, Shahrokh Shariat6,14,15,17,18,19,20
1S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
2Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
3Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
4School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
5Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
6Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
7Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
8Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
9Urology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
10Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
11Department of Urology, La Croix Du Sud Hospital, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
12AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino School of Medicine, Torino, Italy
13Department of Urology, San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
14Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
15Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
16Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
17Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
18Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
19Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
20Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia