A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Healthy and Neuropsychiatric Samples: Influence of Stimulation Parameters

Woods, 2015, A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools, Clin Neurophysiol, 127, 1031, 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.012

Nitsche, 2003, Level of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex, Clin Neurophysiol, 114, 600, 10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00412-1

Nitsche, 2000, Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation, J Physiol, 527, 633, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x

Tortella, 2015, Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders, World J Psychiatry, 5, 88, 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.88

Andrews, 2011, Improving working memory: the effect of combining cognitive activity and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Brain Stimul, 4, 84, 10.1016/j.brs.2010.06.004

Boggio, 2010, Modulation of decision-making in a gambling task in older adults with transcranial direct current stimulation, Eur J Neurosci, 31, 593, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07080.x

Metuki, 2012, Enhancing cognitive control components of insight problems solving by anodal tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Brain Stimul, 5, 110, 10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.002

Balconi, 2013, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory and episodic memory processes: insight through transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, Neurosci Bull, 29, 381, 10.1007/s12264-013-1309-z

Vanderhasselt, 2009, Acute effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on attentional control are related to antidepressant outcomes, J Psychiatry Neurosci, 34, 119

Shin, 2015, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) – application in neuropsychology, Neuropsychologia, 74, 74, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.021

Kuo, 2014, Therapeutic effects of non-invasive brain stimulation with direct currents (tDCS) in neuropsychiatric diseases, Neuroimage, 85, 948, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.117

Brunoni, 2014, Working memory improvement with non-invasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Brain Cogn, 86, 1, 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.008

Jaeggi, 2010, The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure, Memory, 18, 394, 10.1080/09658211003702171

Hill, 2015, Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of findings from healthy and neuropsychiatric populations, Brain Stimul, 9, 197, 10.1016/j.brs.2015.10.006

Horvath, 2015, Quantitative review finds no evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Brain Stimul, 8, 535, 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.400

Horvath, 2014, Transcranial direct current stimulation: five important issues we aren't discussing (but probably should be), Front Syst Neurosci, 8, 2, 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00002

Nitsche, 2015, On the use of meta-analysis in neuromodulatory non-invasive brain stimulation, Brain Stimul, 8, 666, 10.1016/j.brs.2015.03.008

Elbourne, 2002, Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues, Int J Epidemiol, 31, 140, 10.1093/ije/31.1.140

Higgins, 2008, vol. 5

Liberati, 2009, The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration, Ann Intern Med, 151, 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136

Norman, 2013

Cohen, 1993

Miyake, 2000, The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis, Cogn Psychol, 41, 49, 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734

Axelrod, 2015, Increasing propensity to mind-wander with transcranial direct current stimulation, PNAS, 112, 3314, 10.1073/pnas.1421435112

Balconi, 2014, The contribution of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal areas in processing instrumental versus functional semantic violations in action representation, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 36, 701, 10.1080/13803395.2014.929093

Balconi, 2014, Dorsolateral pFC and the representation of the incorrect use of an object: the transcranial direct current stimulation effect on n400 for visual and linguistic stimuli, J Cogn Neurosci, 26, 305, 10.1162/jocn_a_00500

Beeli, 2008, Modulating presence and impulsiveness by external stimulation of the brain, Behav Brain Funct, 4, 33, 10.1186/1744-9081-4-33

Berryhill, 2012, tDCS selectively improves working memory in older adults with more education, Neurosci Lett, 521, 148, 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.074

Boggio, 2006, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease, J Neurol Sci, 249, 31, 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.062

Boggio, 2009, Temporal cortex direct current stimulation enhances performance on a visual recognition memory task in Alzheimer disease, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 80, 444, 10.1136/jnnp.2007.141853

Bona, 2014, Accuracy and confidence of visual short-term memory do not go hand-in-hand: behavioral and neural dissociations, PLoS ONE, 9, e90808, 10.1371/journal.pone.0090808

Cerruti, 2009, Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex enhances complex verbal associative thought, J Cogn Neurosci, 21, 1980, 10.1162/jocn.2008.21143

Dockery, 2009, Enhancement of planning ability by transcranial direct current stimulation, J Neurosci, 29, 7271, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0065-09.2009

Fertonani, 2014, The timing of cognitive plasticity in physiological aging: a tDCS study of naming, Front Aging Neurosci, 6, 131, 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00131

Fertonani, 2010, Naming facilitation induced by transcranial direct current stimulation, Behav Brain Res, 208, 311, 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.030

Filmer, 2013, Improved multitasking following prefrontal tDCS, Cortex, 49, 2845, 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.08.015

Foldal, 2015

Fregni, 2005, Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory, Exp Brain Res, 166, 23, 10.1007/s00221-005-2334-6

Gill, 2014, It's the thought that counts: examining the task-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on executive function, Brain Stimul, 8, 253, 10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.018

Gladwin, 2012, Enhancement of selective attention by tDCS: interaction with interference in a Sternberg task, Neurosci Lett, 512, 33, 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.056

Gladwin, 2012, Anodal tDCS of dorsolateral prefontal cortex during an Implicit Association Test, Neurosci Lett, 517, 82, 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.025

Gorini, 2014, Modulation of risky choices in recently abstinent dependent cocaine users: a transcranial direct-current stimulation study, Front Hum Neurosci, 8, 661, 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00661

Hammer, 2011, Errorless and errorful learning modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation, BMC Neurosci, 12, 72, 10.1186/1471-2202-12-72

Harty, 2014, Transcranial direct current stimulation over right dorsolateral prefrontal cortexenhances error awareness in older age, J Neurosci, 34, 3646, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5308-13.2014

Hoy, 2014, An investigation into the effects of tDCS dose on cognitive performance over time in patients with schizophrenia, Schizophr Res, 155, 96, 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.006

Hoy, 2013, Testing the limits: investigating the effect of tDCS dose on working memory enhancement in healthy controls, Neuropsychologia, 51, 1777, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.018

Hsu, 2015, Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognitive function in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Neurobiol Aging, 36, 2348, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.04.016

Javadi, 2013, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances reconsolidation of long-term memory, Brain Stimul, 6, 668, 10.1016/j.brs.2012.10.007

Jo, 2009, Enhancing the working memory of stroke patients using tDCS, Am J Phys Med Rehab, 88, 404, 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181a0e4cb

Jones, 2015, The strategy and motivational influences on the beneficial effect of neurostimulation: a tDCS and fNIRS study, Neuroimage, 105, 238, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.012

Kang, 2009, Non-invasive cortical stimulation improves post-stroke attention decline, Restor Neurol Neurosci, 27, 647

Kang, 2012, Transcranial direct current stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex improves attention in patients with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study, J Rehabil Med, 44, 346, 10.2340/16501977-0947

Keeser, 2011, Prefrontal direct current stimulation modulates resting EEG and event-related potentials in healthy subjects: a standardized low resolution tomography (sLORETA), Neuroimage, 55, 644, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.004

Keshvari, 2013, The polarity-dependent effects of the bilateral brain stimulation on working memory, Basic Clin Neurosci, 4, 224

Knechtel, 2014, Transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex: an auditory event-related potential and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, Neurol Psychiat Brain Res, 20, 96, 10.1016/j.npbr.2014.06.001

Knechtel, 2014, Transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex: an auditory event-related potential study in schizophrenia, Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res, 20, 102, 10.1016/j.npbr.2014.10.002

Leite, 2013, The effects of cross-hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on task switching, Brain Stimul, 6, 660, 10.1016/j.brs.2012.10.006

Leite, 2011, Task-specific effects of tDCS-induced cortical excitability changes on cognitive and motor sequence set shifting performance, PLoS ONE, 6, e24140, 10.1371/journal.pone.0024140

Mulquiney, 2011, Improving working memory: exploring the effect of transcranial random noise stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Clin Neurophysiol, 122, 2384, 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.05.009

Mylius, 2012, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on pain perception and working memory, Eur J Pain, 16, 974, 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00105.x

Nelson, 2014, Enhancing vigilance in operators with prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Neuroimage, 85, 909, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.061

Nieratschker, 2014, The COMT Val/Met polymorphism modulates effects of tDCS on response inhibition, Brain Stimul, 8, 283, 10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.009

Nilsson, 2015, No significant effect of prefrontal tDCS on working memory performance in older adults, Front Aging Neurosci, 7, 230, 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00230

Nozari, 2013, More attention when speaking: does it help or does it hurt?, Neuropsychologia, 51, 2770, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.08.019

Ohn, 2008, Time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the enhancement of working memory, Neuroreport, 19, 43, 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f2adfd

Penolazzi, 2010, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on episodic memory related to emotional visual stimuli, PLoS ONE, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0010623

Plewnia, 2013, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on executive functions: influence of COMT Val/Met polymorphism, Cortex, 49, 1801, 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.002

Powell, 2014, Modulation of cortical activity by transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with affective disorder, PLoS ONE, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0098503

Saidmanesh, 2012, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with non-fluent aphasia disorder, Res J Biol Sci, 7, 290, 10.3923/rjbsci.2012.290.296

Sela, 2012, Prefrontal control during a semantic decision task that involves idiom comprehension: a transcranial direct current stimulation study, Neuropsychologia, 50, 2271, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.031

Smirni, 2015, Modulating memory performance in healthy subjects with transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, PLoS ONE, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0144838

Teo, 2011, Investigating the role of current strength in tDCS modulation of working memory performance in healthy controls, Front Psychiatry, 2, 45, 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00045

Turi, 2015, Transcranial direct current stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex increases randomness of choice in instrumental learning, Cortex, 63, 145, 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.026

Vanderhasselt, 2013, Nosce te ipsum – Socrates revisited? Controlling momentary ruminative self-referent thoughts by neuromodulation of emotional working memory, Neuropsychologia, 51, 2581, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.08.011

Vanderhasselt, 2013, tDCS over the left prefrontal cortex enhances cognitive control for positive affective stimuli, PLoS ONE, 8, e62219, 10.1371/journal.pone.0062219

Vannorsdall, 2012, Altering automatic verbal processes with transcranial direct current stimulation, Front Psychiatry, 3, 73, 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00073

Vercammen, 2011, Transcranial direct current stimulation influences probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia, Schizophr Res, 131, 198, 10.1016/j.schres.2011.06.021

Wirth, 2011, Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on behaviour and electrophysiology of language production, Neuropsychologia, 49, 3989, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.015

Wolkenstein, 2013, Amelioration of cognitive control in depression by transcranial direct current stimulation, Biol Psychiatry, 73, 646, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.010

Wolkenstein, 2014, Induction of a depression-like negativity bias by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation, Cortex, 59, 103, 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.011

Wu, 2014, Modulating the interference effect on spatial working memory by applying transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Brain Cogn, 91, 87, 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.09.002

Zmigrod, 2014, Evidence for a role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in controlling stimulus-response integration: a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) study, Brain Stimul, 7, 516, 10.1016/j.brs.2014.03.004

Stagg, 2011, Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation, Neuroscientist, 17, 37, 10.1177/1073858410386614

Mylius, 2013, Definition of DLPFC and M1 according to anatomical landmarks for navigated brain stimulation: inter-rater reliability, accuracy, and influence of gender and age, Neuroimage, 78, 224, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.061

Butler, 2007, A network approach to fMRI condition-dependent cognitive activation studies as applied to understanding sex differences, Clin Neurosci Res, 6, 391, 10.1016/j.cnr.2007.05.005

Kuo, 2006, Gender differences of cortical neuroplasticity in humans, as revealed by transcranial direct current stimulation, Klin Neurophysiol, 37, A131, 10.1055/s-2006-939214

Chaieb, 2008, Gender-specific modulation of short-term neuroplasticity in the visual cortex induced by transcranial direct current stimulation, Vis Neurosci, 25, 77, 10.1017/S0952523808080097

Boggio, 2008, Differential modulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on a facial expression go-no-go task in males and females, Neurosci Lett, 447, 101, 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.009

Smith, 1999, Menstrual cycle effects on cortical excitability, Neurology, 53, 2069, 10.1212/WNL.53.9.2069

Inghilleri, 2004, Ovarian hormones and cortical excitability. An rTMS study in humans, Clin Neurophysiol, 115, 1063, 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.12.003

Riley, 2010, Meta-analysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting, BMJ, 340, c221, 10.1136/bmj.c221

Kaiser, 2009, On sex/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research, Brain Res Rev, 61, 49, 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.005

Jacobson, 2012, tDCS polarity effects in motor and cognitive domains: a meta-analytical review, Exp Brain Res, 216, 1, 10.1007/s00221-011-2891-9

Batsikadze, 2013, Partially non-linear stimulation intensity-dependent effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in humans, J Physiol, 591, 1987, 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249730

Nitsche, 2008, Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008, Brain Stimul, 1, 206, 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004

Moliadze, 2010, Electrode-distance dependent after-effects of transcranial direct and random noise stimulation with extracephalic reference electrodes, Clin Neurophysiol, 121, 2165, 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.04.033

Bikson, 2010, Electrode montages for tDCS and weak transcranial electrical stimulation: role of “return” electrode's position and size, Clin Neurophysiol, 121, 1976, 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.05.020

Kaller, 2011, Dissociable contributions of left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in planning, Cereb Cortex, 21, 307, 10.1093/cercor/bhq096

O'Connell, 2012, Rethinking clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation: participant and assessor blinding is inadequate at intensities of 2 mA, PLoS ONE, 7

McFadden, 2011, Reducing procedural pain and discomfort associated with transcranial direct current stimulation, Brain Stimul, 4, 38, 10.1016/j.brs.2010.05.002

Guarienti, 2015, Reducing transcranial direct current stimulation-induced erythema with skin pretreatment: considerations for sham-controlled clinical trials, Neuromodulation, 18, 261, 10.1111/ner.12230

Liebetanz, 2009, Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats, Clin Neurophysiol, 120, 1161, 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.01.022