A Study of Nasal Measurements in Indian Population of North-East Region: Linear Parameters
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Trang 1-9
Tóm tắt
The normal range of linear nasal parameters varies greatly amongst different ethnicities and races. The objectives of this study were to measure them for north-east Indian population which has not been studied and to compare this data with the Oriental, Caucasian and Indian parameters available in literature. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 150 young adults from north-east India. Surface landmarks were marked and standard photographs were taken. Thirteen linear characteristics were measured directly while 3 parameters were calculated from photographs using computer software. Fourteen of the 16 linear measurements were greater in males than females and differences in 8 of them were statistically significant. The nasal lengths of north-east Indians were greater than rest of the Indians but smaller than most Caucasians and Orientals. Nasal protrusion was least and columella was shortest in the study population. The north-east Indian nose is dissimilar to that of rest of the country as well as Caucasians and Orientals. Hence, the data from this study needs to be kept in mind while performing aesthetic rhinoplasty on this group to preserve their ethnicity.
Tài liệu tham khảo
The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2020. 2021:24.
https://www.isaps.org/medical-professionals/isaps-global-statistics/
Chandramouli C (2013) Population, Size and Decadal Change. In: Primary Census Abstract: Data Highlights India Series 1, Census of India 2011. New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2
Ghurye GS (2004) Race and Caste. In: Caste and Race in India. 5th ed. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. pp. 114–140
citation_title=Racial elements in north-east India; citation_inbook_title=North-East India: land, people and economy; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=289-293; citation_id=CR4; citation_author=KR Dikshit; citation_author=JK Dikshit; citation_publisher=Springer
citation_journal_title=Plast Reconstr Surg; citation_title=The Indian nose; citation_author=P Nagarkar, RA Pezeshk, RJ Rohrich; citation_volume=138; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=836e-843e; citation_doi=10.1097/PRS.0000000000002687; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Plast Reconstr Surg; citation_title=Nasal analysis: considerations for ethnic variation; citation_author=NL Villanueva, PN Afrooz, JA Carboy, RJ Rohrich; citation_volume=143; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=1179e-1188e; citation_doi=10.1097/PRS.0000000000005619; citation_id=CR6
citation_journal_title=Econ Polit Wkly; citation_title=The "North-East" Map of Delhi; citation_author=D McDuie-Ra; citation_volume=47; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=69-77; citation_id=CR7
citation_journal_title=J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric analysis of linear parameters of the Indian nose: a cross-sectional study and comparison with literature; citation_author=PS Bhandari, S Dhar, A Gulati; citation_volume=74; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=3421-3430; citation_doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.008; citation_id=CR8
citation_journal_title=Indian J Plast Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric analysis of lip-nose complex in Indian population; citation_author=B Khandekar, S Srinivasan, N Mokal, MR Thatte; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=128-131; citation_doi=10.1055/s-0039-1699120; citation_id=CR9
citation_journal_title=J Craniofac Surg; citation_title=International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races; citation_author=LG Farkas, MJ Katic, CR Forrest; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=615-646; citation_doi=10.1097/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Aesthetic Plast Surg; citation_title=The average Indian female nose; citation_author=SB Patil, SM Kale, S Jaiswal, N Khare, M Math; citation_volume=35; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=1036-1042; citation_doi=10.1007/s00266-011-9729-5; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Int J Med Public Heal; citation_title=Comparative anthropometric study of nasal parameters between two ethnic groups of Rajasthan state; citation_author=A Choudhary, DS Chowdhary; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=46-48; citation_doi=10.5530/ijmedph.2.2.10; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=Hum Biol Rev; citation_title=Morphometric variation among the central Indian populations; citation_author=RK Gautam, DK Adak, M Pal, P Bharati; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=153-175; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=Int J Curr Res.; citation_title=Study on nasal index in south Indian population; citation_author=GV Patil, AD Shishirkumar; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=8163-8164; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Int J Sci Study; citation_title=Anthropometric study of nasal index among the population of western Uttar Pradesh region; citation_author=SK Ray, K Saha, A Kumar, S Banjare; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=65-70; citation_doi=10.17354/ijss/2016/254; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Facial Plast Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric analysis of the south Indian woman’s nose; citation_author=V Packiriswamy, M Bashour, S Nayak; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=304-308; citation_doi=10.1055/s-0036-1581140; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg; citation_title=The Indian nose: an anthropometric analysis; citation_author=N Mehta, RK Srivastava; citation_volume=70; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1472-1482; citation_doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2017.05.042; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg; citation_title=Do aesthetic average nasal parameters matter for rhinoplasty in India?; citation_author=SR Parab, MM Khan; citation_volume=71; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=2011-2018; citation_doi=10.1007/s12070-018-1441-1; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=Ann Plast Surg; citation_title=Objective assessment of standard nostril types-a morphometric study; citation_author=LG Farkas, TA Hreczko, CK Deutsch; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=381-389; citation_doi=10.1097/00000637-198311000-00004; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Aesth Plast Surg; citation_title=Geography of the nose: a morphometric study; citation_author=LG Farkas, JC Kolar, IR Munro; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_pages=191-223; citation_doi=10.1007/BF01575292; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=Can J Plast Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric anatomical and morphological nose widths in Canadian Caucasian adults; citation_author=LG Farkas, JH Phillips, M Katic; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=149-151; citation_doi=10.1177/229255039800600302; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=J Craniofac Surg; citation_title=Relation between anthropometric and cephalometric measurements and proportions of the face of healthy young white adult men and women; citation_author=M Budai, LG Farkas, B Tompson, M Katic, CR Forrest; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=154-161; citation_doi=10.1097/00001665-200303000-00004; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=Ann Plast Surg; citation_title=Comparison of craniofacial measurements of young adult African-American and North American white males and females; citation_author=LG Farkas, MJ Katic, CR Forrest; citation_volume=59; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=692-698; citation_doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000258954.55068.b4; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Br J Plast Surg; citation_title=Three dimensional laser scan assessment of the oriental nose with a new classification of oriental nasal types; citation_author=SC Aung, CL Foo, ST Lee; citation_volume=53; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=109-116; citation_doi=10.1054/bjps.1999.3229; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Arch Facial Plast Surg; citation_title=The Korean American woman’s nose; citation_author=KS Choe, HR Yalamanchili, JA Litner, AP Sclafani, VC Quatela; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=319-323; citation_doi=10.1001/archfaci.8.5.319; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=J Craniofac Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric measurement and analysis of the external nasal soft tissue in 119 young Han Chinese adults; citation_author=Z He, X Jian, X Wu, X Gao, S Zhou, X Zhong; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=1347-1351; citation_doi=10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181ae41cf; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=Singapore Med J; citation_title=Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays; citation_author=WC Ngeow, ST Aljunid; citation_volume=50; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=525-528; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg; citation_title=Comparison of anthropometry with photogrammetry based on a standardized clinical photographic technique using a cephalostat and chair; citation_author=K Han, HJ Kwon, TH Choi, JH Kim, D Son; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=96-107; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jcms.2009.04.003; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Forensic Sci Int; citation_title=Age and sex related measurement of craniofacial soft tissue thickness and nasal profile in the Chinese population; citation_author=F Chen, Y Chen, Y Yu; citation_volume=212; citation_issue=1–3; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=272.e1-272.e6; citation_doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.027; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg; citation_title=Nasal morphology of the Chinese: three-dimensional reference values for rhinoplasty; citation_author=YSN Jayaratne, CK Deutsch, RA Zwahlen; citation_volume=150; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=956-961; citation_doi=10.1177/0194599814523550; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg; citation_title=Anthropometric nasal analysis of Han Chinese young adults; citation_author=K Li, S Guo, Q Sun; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=153-158; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jcms.2013.04.005; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=J Med Allied Sci; citation_title=A study of craniofacial anthropometrics in Hyderabad (Deccan)-and a review of literature; citation_author=N Khan, V Leela, G Annavarapu; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=54-57; citation_id=CR32
citation_title=Rhinoplasty; citation_inbook_title=Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=513-529; citation_id=CR33; citation_author=JE Janis; citation_author=J Ahmad; citation_author=RJ Rohrich; citation_publisher=Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins