A Status Value Theory of Power in Exchange Relations
Tóm tắt
A new status value theory of power is proposed that bridges two previously distinct research literatures. The theory asserts that exchangeable objects controlled by high-status actors are perceived to be more valuable when relevant to positive status characteristics. This phenomenon is predicted to confer power to high-status actors who exchange with low-status actors. The theoretical argument represents an important link between exchange theories of power and the research on status hierarchies—two areas that until now have been sharply demarcated. The theory is tested with a series of experiments in which status-differentiated subjects negotiate exchanges using a computerized bargaining system. The results indicate: (1) Positive status characteristics accentuate the perceived value of resources; (2) high-status subjects are most often chosen as the preferred exchange partner; and (3) high-status subjects obtain the greatest share of resources indicating power use. The implications for sociological theories of power and status are discussed.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aristotle, 1984, The Complete Works of Aristotle, 2, 1781
Bacharach Samuel B., 1980, Power and Politics in Organizations.
Bacharach Samuel B., 1981, Bargaining: Power, Tactics, and Outcomes.
Balkwell James W. 1994. “Networks and Status Expectations.” Paper presented at the Conference for Theory and Research on Group Processes, August 4, Los Angeles, CA.
Bendix Reinhard, 1953, Class, Status and Power: A Reader in Social Stratification.
Berger Joseph, 1974, Expectation States Theory: A Theoretical Research Program.
Berger Joseph, 1985, Status, Rewards, and Influence, 215
Berger Joseph, 1977, Status Characteristics and Social Interaction.
Berger Joseph, 1985, Status, Rewards, and Influence, 1
Berger Joseph, 1986, Advances in Group Processes, 3, 1
Berger Joseph, 1972, Sociological Theories in Progress, 2, 119
Blau Peter M., 1964, Exchange and Power in Social Life.
Blau Peter M., 1977, Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure.
Cohen Elizabeth G., 1993, Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, 385
Coleman James S., 1973, The Mathematics of Collective Action.
Dahrendorf Ralf, 1959, Class and Class Conflict in Industrialized Society.
Emerson Richard M., 1972, Sociological Theories in Progress, 2, 38
Emerson Richard M., 1972, Sociological Theories in Progress, 2, 58
Emerson Richard M., 1981, Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives, 30
Emerson Richard M., 1987, Social Exchange Theory, 11
French John R. P., 1968, Group Dynamics: Research and Theory, 259
Friedkin Noah, 1993, Advances in Group Processes, 10, 163
Homans George Casper, 1974, Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms.
Lenski Gerhard E., 1966, Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification.
Lovaglia Michael J., 1994, Advances in Group Processes, 11, 87
Lovaglia Michael J., 1997, Status, Network, and Structure: Theory Development in Group Processes, 159
Lovaglia Michael J., 1995, Current Research in Social Psychology, 1, 8
Markovsky Barry, 1997, Status, Network, and Structure: Theory Development in Group Processes, 13
Marx Karl, 1888, The Communist Manifesto.
Molm Linda, 1987, Social Exchange Theory, 101
Ridgeway Cecilia L. and Glasgow Kristan. 1996. “Acquiring Status Beliefs from Behavior in Interaction.” Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 20, New York.
Ridgeway Cecilia L., 1995, Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology, 281
Ross W. D., 1959, Aristotle: A Complete Exposition of His Works and Thought.
Simmel Georg, 1978, The Philosophy of Money.
Smith-Lovin Lynn, 1990, Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, 238
Stolte John, 1977, Behavioral Theory in Sociology, 117
Thibaut John W., 1959, The Social Psychology of Groups.
Thye Shane R., 1999, Network Exchange Theory, 248
Tönnies Ferdinand, 1953, Class, Status and Power: A Reader in Social Stratification, 49
Veblen Thorstein, 1899, The Theory of the Leisure Class.
Wagner David G., 1984, The Growth of Sociological Theories.
Wagner David G., 1984, Group Processes, 1, 127
Wagner David G., 1993, Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, 23
Walker Henry A., 1993, Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, 364
Weber Max, 1946, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology.
Weber Max, 1968, Economy and Society.
Wilier David, 1981, Networks, Exchange, and Coercion, 25
Wilier David, 1981, Networks, Exchange, and Coercion.
Wilier David, 1993, Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, 323
Yoon Jeongkoo, 1996, Korea Journal of Population and Development, 25, 333
Zelditch Morris, 1992, Encyclopedia of Sociology, 994