A Simulation Framework for Assessing Physical and Wildlife Impacts of Oil and Gas Development Scenarios in Southwestern Wyoming

Naugle, D. E., Doherty, K. E., Walker, B. L., Holloran, M. J., & Copeland, H. E. (2011). Energy development and greater sage-grouse. In S. T. Knick & J. W. Connelly (Eds.), Greater sage-grouse: ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats. Studies in avian biology series (Vol. 38, pp. 489–505). Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Braun, C. E., Baker, M. F., Eng, R. L., Gashwiler, J. S., & Schroeder, M. H. (1976). Conservation committee report on effects of alteration of sagebrush communities on the associated avifauna. Wilson Bulletin, 88(1), 165–171.

Crawford, J. A., Olson, R. A., West, N. E., Mosley, J. C., Schroeder, M. A., Whitson, T. D., Miller, R. F., Gregg, M. A., & Boyd, C. S. (2004). Ecology and management of sage-grouse and sage-grouse habitat. Journal of Range Management, 57(1), 2–19.

Connelly, J. W., Knick, S. T., Schroeder, M. A., & Stiver, S. J. (2004). Conservation assessment of greater sage-grouse and sagebrush habitats. Cheyenne, Wyoming: Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.

Beck, J. L., & Mitchell, D. L. (2000). Influences of livestock grazing on sage grouse habitat. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 28(4), 993–1002.

Connelly, J. W., & Braun, C. E. (1997). Long-term changes in sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in western North America. Wildlife Biology, 3(2), 229–234.

Gilbert, M. M., & Chalfoun, A. D. (2011). Energy development affects populations of sagebrush songbirds in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(4), 816–824.

Knick, S. T., Dobkin, D. S., Rotenberry, J. T., Schroeder, M. A., Vander Haegen, W. M., van Riper, I. I. I., & C. (2003). Teetering on the edge or too late? Conservation and research issues for avifuana of sagebrush habitats. Condor, 105(4), 611–634.

Steenhof, K., Kochert, M. N., & Roppe, J. A. (1993). Nesting by raptors and common ravens on electrical transmission line towers. Journal of Wildlife Management, 57(2), 271–281.

Taylor, R. L., Tack, J. D., Naugle, D. E., & Mills, L. S. (2013). Combined effects of energy development and disease on greater sage-grouse. PloS One, 8(8), 1–10.

Walston, L. J., Cantwell, B. L., & Krummel, J. R. (2009). Quantifying spatiotemporal changes in a sagebrush ecosystem in relation to energy development. Ecography, 32(6), 943–952.

Doherty, K. E., Naugle, D. E., Walker, B. L., & Graham, J. M. (2008). Greater sage-grouse winter habitat selection and energy development. Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(1), 187–195.

Sawyer, H., Kauffman, M. J., & Nielson, R. M. (2009). Influence of well pad activity on winter habitat selection patterns of mule deer. Journal of Wildlife Management, 73(7), 1052–1061.

Holloran, M. J., Kaiser, R. C., & Hubert, W. A. (2010). Yearling greater sage-grouse response to energy development in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(1), 65–72.

US Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2014). Annual energy outlook 2014 with projections to 2040. Office of Integrated and International Energy Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy.

INGAA Foundation. (2014). North American midstream infrastructure through 2035: Capitalizing on our energy abundance. http://www.ingaa.org/Foundation/Foundation-Reports/Studies/14904/14889.aspx . Accessed 5 April 2014.

Wyoming State Geological Survey. (2015). Wyoming’s oil and gas resources: summary report, February 2015. http://www.wsgs.wyo.gov/products/2015-oil-gas-summary.pdf . Accessed 10 March 2015.

US Departments of the Interior, Agriculture, and Energy. (2008). Inventory of onshore federal oil and natural gas resources and restrictions to their development: phase III inventory- onshore United States. BLM/WO/GI-03/002+3100/REV08. http://www.blm.gov/epca . Accessed 10 May 2013.

Sawyer, H., Lindzey, F., & McWhirter, D. (2005). Mule deer and pronghorn migration in western Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33(4), 1266–1273.

Bowen, Z. H., Aldridge, C. L., Anderson, P. J., Chong, G. W., Drummond, M. A., et al. (2009). U.S. Geological Survey science strategy for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5195, p. 26 http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5195 . Accessed 10 February 2013.

Homer, C. G., Aldridge, C. L., Meyer, D. K., & Schell, S. J. (2012). Multi-scale remote sensing sagebrush characterization with regression trees over Wyoming, USA: laying a foundation for monitoring. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 14, 233–244.

Biewick, L. R. H., & Wilson, A. B. (2014). Energy map of Southwestern Wyoming, part b—oil and gas, oil shale, uranium, and solar. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 843. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/843 . Accessed 2 December 2014.

US Bureau of Land Management. (2015). NEPA HOTSHEET, 3 August 2015, BLM Wyoming Land Use Plans and Proposed Projects. htpp:// www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/wy/information/NEPA.Par.24843.File.dat/hot_sheet.pdf . Accessed 15 August 2015.

Applegate, D. H., & Owens, M. L. (2014). Oil and gas impacts on Wyoming’s sage-grouse: summarizing the past and predicting the foreseeable future. Human-Wildlife Interactions, 8(2), 284–290.

Encana. (2011). Plan of development, normally pressured lance natural gas development project (6-29-11), Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. CO: Denver.

Evans, J. S., & Kiesecker, J. M. (2014). Shale, gas, wind and water: assessing the potential cumulative impacts of energy development on ecosystem services within the Marcellus Play. PloS One, 9(2), 1–9.

Copeland, H. E., Pocewicz, A., Naugle, D. E., Griffiths, T., Keinath, D., Evans, J., & Platt, J. (2013). Measuring the effectiveness of conservation: a novel framework to quantify the benefits of sage-grouse conservation policy and easements in Wyoming. PloS One, 8(6), 1–14.

Wilbert, M., Thomson, J., & Culver, N. W. (2008). Analysis of habitat fragmentation from oil and gas development and its impact on wildlife: a framework for public land management planning. Washington DC: The Wilderness Society.

Buto, S. G., Kenney, T. A., & Gerner, S. J. (2010). Land disturbance associated with oil and gas development and effects of development-related land disturbance on dissolved-solids loads in streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5064, p. 56. http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5064 . Accessed 11 June 2013.

Copeland, H. E., Doherty, K. E., Naugle, D. E., Pocewicz, A., & Kiesecker, J. M. (2009). Mapping oil and gas development potential in the US Intermountain West and estimating impacts to species. PloS One, 4(10), 1–7.

USDI-USFWS. (2015). Greater sage-grouse. http://www.fws.gov/greatersagegrouse . Accessed 25 December 2015.

Garman, S. L., & McBeth, J. L. (2015). Digital representation of oil and natural gas well pad scars in southwest Wyoming-2012 update. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 934 [abs.]. doi: 10.3133/ds934 . Accessed 12 September 2014.

O’Donnell, M. S., Fancher, T. S., Freeman, A. T., Zeigler, A. E., Bowen, Z. H., & Aldridge, C. L. (2014). Large scale Wyoming transportation data—a resource planning tool. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 821, p. 21. doi: 10.3133/ds821 . Accessed 12 December 2014.

Assal, T. J., Garman, S. L., Bowen, Z. H., Anderson, P. J., Manier, D., & McDougal, R. R. (2012). Data resources for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Integrated Assessment (IA) [abs.]. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 700. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/700 . Accessed 15 March 2013.

State of Wyoming. (2011). State of Wyoming Executive Department, Executive Order 2011-5, greater sage-grouse core area protection. Cheyenne: Office of the Governor of Wyoming.

US Bureau of Land Management. (2007). Record of decision, environmental impact statement for the Atlantic Rim natural gas field development project, Carbon County, Wyoming, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Cheyenne, Wyoming: Wyoming State Office.

Molvar, E. M. (2003). Drilling smarter: using minimum-footprint directional drilling to reduce oil and gas impacts in the Intermountain West (p. 32). Laramie, WY: Biodiversity Conservation Alliance.

Wyoming Game and Fish Department. (2010). Recommendations for development of oil and gas within important wildlife habitats. http://wgfd.wyo.gov/Web2011/Departments/Wildlife/pdfs/HABITAT_OILGASRECOMMENDATIONS0000333.pdf . Accessed 8 November 2014.

ESRI. (2011). ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.

Ingelfinger, F., & Anderson, S. (2004). Passerine response to roads associated with natural gas extraction in a sagebrush steppe habitat. Western North American Naturalist, 64(3), 385–395.

Gregory, A. J., & Beck, J. L. (2014). Spatial heterogeneity in response of male greater sage-grouse lek attendance to energy development. PloS One, 9(6), 1–8.

Manier, D. J., Wood, D. J. A., Bowen, Z. H., Donovan, R. M., Holloran, M. J., Juliusson, L. M., Mayne, K. S., Oyler-McCance, S. J., Quamen, F. R., Saher, D. J., & Titolo, A. J. (2013). Summary of science, activities, programs, and policies that influence the rangewide conservation of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1098. P. 170 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1098 . Accessed 15 July 2014.

Sawyer, H. H., Lindzey, F. G., & Jellison, B. A. (1998). Applying GIS technology to test an elk habitat effectiveness model in north-central Wyoming. In J. C. de Vos Jr. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1997 Deer/Elk Workshop, Rio Rico, AZ (pp. 176–183). Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R. M., Lindzey, F., & McDonald, L. L. (2006). Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field. Journal of Wildlife Management, 70(2), 396–403.

Sawyer, H., Kauffman, M. J., Middleton, A. D., Morrison, T. A., Nielson, R. M., & Wyckoff, T. B. (2013). A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 68–78.

Lutz, D. W., Wakeling, B. F., Carpenter, L. H., Stroud, D., Cox, M., McWhirter, D., Rosenstock, S., Bender, L. C., & Reeve, A. R. (2003). Impacts and changes to mule deer habitat. In J. C. de Vos Jr., M. R. Conover, & N. E. Headrick (Eds.), Mule deer conservation: issues and management strategies (pp. 13–61). Logan, UT: Jack H. Berryman Institute Press, Utah State University.

Lyon, L. J. (1979). Habitat effectiveness for elk as influenced by roads and cover. Journal of Forestry, 77(10), 658–600.

Lyon, L. J. (1983). Road density models describing habitat effectiveness for elk. Journal of Forestry, 81(9), 592–596.

Thomson, J. L., Schaub, T. S., Culver, N. W., & Aengst, P. C. (2005). Wildlife at a crossroads: energy development in western Wyoming. Washington, DC: The Wilderness Society.

Forman, R. T. (1999). Estimate of the area affected ecologically by the road system in the United States. Conservation Biology, 14(1), 31–35.

Manier, D. J., Aldridge, C. L., O’Donnell, M., & Schell, S. J. (2014). Human infrastructure and invasive plant occurrence across rangelands of southwestern Wyoming, USA. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 67(2), 160–172.

Harju, S. M., Dzialak, M. R., Taylor, R. C., Hayden-Wing, L. D., & Winstead, J. B. (2010). Thresholds and time lags in effects of energy development on greater sage-grouse populations. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(3), 437–448.

Johnson, D. H., Holloran, M. J., Connelly, J. W., Hanser, S. E., Amundson, C. L., & Knick, S. T. (2011). Influences of environmental and anthropogenic features on greater sage-grouse populations, 1997–2007. In S. T. Knick & J. W. Connelly (Eds.), Greater sage-grouse: ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats. Studies in avian biology series (Vol. 38, pp. 407–450). Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

SAS Institute. (2010). Version 9.2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.

Prato, T. (2007). Evaluating land use plans under uncertainty. Land Use Policy, 24(1), 165–174.

EPA. (2010). Directional drilling technology. http:// www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/dir-drilling.pdf . Accessed 29 August 2015.

Keuengoua, C. D. S., & Amorin, R. (2011). Well spacing for horizontal wells. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 3(6), 486–493.

Wisdom, M., Meinke, C., Knick, S. T., & Schroeder, M. A. (2011). Factors associated with extirpation of sage-grouse. In S. T. Knick & J. W. Connelly (Eds.), Greater sage-grouse: ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats. Studies in avian biology series (Vol. 38, pp. 451–472). Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Sawyer, H., Nielson, R. M., Lindzey, F., Keith, L., Powell, J. H., & Abraham, A. A. (2007). Habitat selection of rocky mountain elk in a nonforested environment. Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(3), 868–874.

Stilwell, D. P. (2015). Final reasonable foreseeable development scenario for oil and gas, Rock Springs Field Office, Wyoming. U.S. Cheyenne, Wyoming: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Reservoir Management Group.

US Department of the Interior and US Department of Agriculture. (2007). Surface operating standards and guidelines for oil and gas exploration and development. BLM/WO/ST-06/021+3071/REV 07 (p. 84). Denver, Colorado: Bureau of Land Management.

Hethcoat, M. G., & Chalfoun, A. D. (2015). Energy development and avian nest survival in Wyoming, USA: a test of a common disturbance index. Biological Conservation, 184, 327–334.