A Review on Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors as a Topical Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction

Colson, 2018, Erectile dysfunction, twenty years after, Sexologies, 27, e1, 10.1016/j.sexol.2018.01.016 Irwin, 2019, Erectile Dysfunction, Prim Care - Clin Off Pract, 46, 249, 10.1016/j.pop.2019.02.006 Bajic, 2020, Etiology of erectile dysfunction and duration of symptoms in patients undergoing penile prosthesis: a systematic review, Sex Med Rev, 8, 333, 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.05.003 Soni, 2016, 152 Ausó, 2021, Visual side effects linked to sildenafil consumption: An update, Biomedicines, 9, 10.3390/biomedicines9030291 Wang, 2017, Role of nanotechnology in erectile dysfunction treatment, J Sex Med, 14, 36, 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.318 McVary, 1999, Topical prostaglandin E1 SEPA gel for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, J Urol, 162, 726, 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00025 Radomski, 1994, Topical minoxidil in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction, J Urol, 151, 1225, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35217-5 Udeoji DU, Phan A, Katsiyiannis P, et al. Topical testosterone gel for the treatment of male hypogonadism 2012;4:217–30. doi: 10.4137/CMT.S7348. Pastorini, 1995, Topical treatment of erectile dysfunction. Possibilities and perspectives, Arch Ital Di Urol Androl Organo Uff [Di] Soc Ital Di Ecogr Urol e Nefrol, 67, 299 Patel, 2012, Formulation and evaluation of transdermal gel of sildenafil citrate, Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci, 1, 103 Baek, 2016, Transdermal delivery of tadalafil using a novel formulation, Drug Deliv, 23, 1571, 10.3109/10717544.2015.1077291 Meadows, 2015, Treatment of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) with topical sildenafil: a pilot study, Support Care Cancer, 23, 1311, 10.1007/s00520-014-2465-z Fernández-Codina, 2020, Possible benefit of tadalafil cream for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis, Clin Rheumatol, 39, 963, 10.1007/s10067-020-04966-z Tal, 2016, 1 Minhas S, Mulhall J. Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide 2017:323–30. Colson, 2018, Current epidemiology of erectile dysfunction, an update, Sexologies, 27, 9, 10.1016/j.sexol.2018.01.017 Ayta, 1999, The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences: EBSCOhost, BJU Int, 84, 50, 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00142.x Kessler, 2019, The global prevalence of erectile dysfunction: a review, BJU Int, 124, 587, 10.1111/bju.14813 Nicolosi, 2003, Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: Cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction, Urology, 61, 201, 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02102-7 Birowo, 2019, Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: A cross-sectional web-based survey conducted in an Indonesian national referral hospital [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations], F1000Research, 8, 1, 10.12688/f1000research.18930.1 Selvin, 2007, Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US, Am J Med, 120, 151, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.010 Goldstein, 2020, Epidemiology update of erectile dysfunction in eight countries with high burden, Sex Med Rev, 8, 48, 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.06.008 Boswell-Smith, 2006, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Br J Pharmacol, 147, 252, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495 Eardley, 2010, Pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction, J Sex Med, 7, 524, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01627.x Francis, 2005, Sildenafil: Efficacy, safety, tolerability and mechanism of action in treating erectile dysfunction, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 1, 283, 10.1517/17425255.1.2.283 Rotella, 2002, Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: Current status and potential applications, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 1, 674, 10.1038/nrd893 Bar-Chama, 2007, Erectile dysfunction and infertility, Curr Sex Heal Reports, 4, 20, 10.1007/BF02938327 Andersson, 2001, Pharmacology of erectile function and dysfunction, Urol Clin North Am, 28, 233, 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70134-8 Eardley, 2016, Pharmacology of drugs used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Male Sex Dysfunct, 5, 48, 10.1002/9781118746509.ch6 Cirino, 2006, Pharmacology of erectile dysfunction in man, Pharmacol Ther, 111, 400, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.011 Mitidieri, 2020, Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pharmacology and perspectives in erectile dysfunction in man, Pharmacol Ther, 208, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107493 Bourin, 2018, Clinical Pharmacology of Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in erectile dysfunction, SOA Arch Pharm Pharmacol, 1, 1 Retzler, 2019, Erectile dysfunction: A review of comprehensive treatment options for optimal outcome, J Restor Med, 8, 10.14200/jrm.2019.0104 Korenman, 1995, Clinical review 71: Advances in the understanding and management of erectile dysfunction, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 1985 Mcmahon CG. Current diagnosis and management of erectile dysfunction 1992:469–76. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50167. Padma-Nathan, 2001, Oral drug therapy for erectile dysfunction, Urol Clin North Am, 28, 321, 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70141-5 Corona, 2017, Meta-analysis of results of testosterone therapy on sexual function based on international index of erectile function scores[Figure presented], Eur Urol, 72, 1000, 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.03.032 Mobley DF, Khera M, Baum N. Recent advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction 2017:1–7. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134073. R PR, Bhavani D, Sarwar A, et al. International journal of pharmacy & therapeutics a review on pde-5 inhibitors and approaches of erectile dysfunction 2017;8:153–9. Mykoniatis I, Pyrgidis N, Sokolakis I, et al. Assessment of combination therapies vs monotherapy for erectile dysfunction a systematic review and meta-analysis 2021;4:1–17. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36337. Altabas, 2009, From Cellulite to smooth skin: Is Viagra the new dream cream?, Med Hypotheses, 73, 118, 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.020 Sarifakioglu, 2006, Determination of the sildenafil effect on alopecia areata in childhood: An open-pilot comparison study, J Dermatolog Treat, 17, 235, 10.1080/09546630600895003 Generali J, Cada DJ, Editor F. Off-Label Drug Uses Sildenafil (Topical): Anal Fissures 2004;39:1160–2. Arrowood, 2018, Topical sildenafil in the treatment of hand-foot syndrome and hand-foot skin reaction: A retrospective study, J Clin Oncol, 36, 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.e22095 Kulshrestha, 2019, Efficacy and dermal toxicity analysis of Sildenafil citrate based topical hydrogel formulation against traumatic wounds, Biomed Pharmacother, 112, 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.032 Kouvelas, 2009, PDE5 Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Profile, Curr Pharm Des, 15, 3464, 10.2174/138161209789206971 Wespes, 2006, EAU guidelines on erectile dysfunction: An update, Eur Urol, 49, 806, 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.028 Boyce, 2001, Sildenafil citrate: A therapeutic update, Clin Ther, 23, 2, 10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80027-8 Hawksworth, 2015, Pharmacotherapeutic management of erectile dysfunction, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 98, 602, 10.1002/cpt.261 Coward, 2008, Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Ther Clin Risk Manag, 4, 1315, 10.2147/TCRM.S3336 Boeri, 2016, Avanafil - a further step to tailoring patient needs and expectations, Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 9, 1171, 10.1080/17512433.2016.1195261 Sanford, 2013, Avanafil: A review of its use in patients with erectile dysfunction, Drugs and Aging, 30, 853, 10.1007/s40266-013-0112-x Kyle, 2013, Avanafil for Erectile Dysfunction, Ann Pharmacother, 47, 1312, 10.1177/1060028013501989 Wright, 2006, Comparison of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, Int J Clin Pract, 60, 967, 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01049.x Forgue, 2006, Tadalafil pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 61, 280, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02553.x Curran, 2003, Tadalafil, 63, 2203 Keating, 2003, Vardenafil: A review of its use in erectile dysfunction, Drugs, 63, 2673, 10.2165/00003495-200363230-00010 Administration UF and D. STENDRA® (avanafil) tablets, for oral use Initial U.S. Approval: 2012. Highlights Prescr Inf 2012:1–26. Limin, 2010, Avanafil, a new rapid-onset phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 19, 1427, 10.1517/13543784.2010.518955 Zurawin, 2016, Avanafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 9, 1163, 10.1080/17512433.2016.1212655 Hatzimouratidis, 2007, Epidemiology of male sexual dysfunction, Am J Mens Health, 1, 103, 10.1177/1557988306298006 Croom, 2008, Sildenafil: A review of its use in pulmonary arterial hypertension, Drugs, 68, 383, 10.2165/00003495-200868030-00009 Langtry, 1999, Sildenafil: A review of its use in erectile dysfunction, Drugs, 57, 967, 10.2165/00003495-199957060-00015 Ventimiglia, 2016, The safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction, Expert Opin Drug Saf, 15, 141, 10.1517/14740338.2016.1131818 Krenzelok, 2000, Sildenafil: Clinical toxicology profile, J Toxicol - Clin Toxicol, 38, 645, 10.1081/CLT-100102015 Padma-nathan, 2002, A 4-year update on the safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®), Urology, 60, 67, 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01752-1 Carson, 2005, Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction, BJU Int, 96, 257, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05614.x Kloner, 2004, Novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: assessing hemodynamic effects and safety parameters, Clin Cardiol, 27, 20, 10.1002/clc.4960271306 Gresele, 2011, Anti-platelet therapy: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 72, 634, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04034.x Ravipati, 2007, Type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, Cardiol Rev, 15, 76, 10.1097/01.crd.0000233904.77128.49 Hafez, 2005, Erectile dysfunction: Anatomical parameters, etiology, diagnosis, and therapy, Arch Androl, 51, 15, 10.1080/1485010490475147 Chen, 2018, Food-drug interactions precipitated by fruit juices other than grapefruit juice: An update review, J Food Drug Anal, 26, S61, 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.009 Al-Ghazawi, 2010, The effects of pummelo juice on pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy adult male Jordanian volunteers, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 66, 159, 10.1007/s00228-009-0738-0 Boullata, 2013, Drug and nutrition interactions: Not just food for thought, J Clin Pharm Ther, 38, 269, 10.1111/jcpt.12075 Werba, 2018, Update of green tea interactions with cardiovascular drugs and putative mechanisms, J Food Drug Anal, 26, S72, 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.008 Patel, 2012, Use of transdermal gel of sildenafil citrate in sexual dysfunction, Int J Pharm Sci Res, 3, 4131 Yonessi, 2005, A double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of the effect of topical sildenafil on erectile dysfunction, J Maz Univ Med Sci, 15, 9 Abdelalim, 2020, High efficacy, rapid onset nanobiolosomes of sildenafil as a topical therapy for erectile dysfunction in aged rats, Int J Pharm, 591, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119978 Tar, 2018, 034 Topical application of Sildenafil-nanoparticles (proximal and distal) improve erectile function in an aging-rat model of erectile dysfunction, J Sex Med, 15, S138, 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.038 Atipairin, 2020, Development of a sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel as a potential system for drug delivery to the penis and its cellular metabolic mechanism, Pharmaceutics, 12, 1, 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111055 Gresser, 2002, E Rectile D Ysfunction: S Ildenafil, V Ardenafil and T Adalafil, Eur J Med Res, 150, 435 Kaushik M, Bhatti S. Overture of the sildenafil citrate gels and jellies: The simplified sight 2020:45–50. doi: 10.31690/ipp.2020.v08i03.001. Ammar, 2020, Therapeutic strategies for erectile dysfunction with emphasis on recent approaches in nanomedicine, IEEE Trans Nanobioscience, 19, 11, 10.1109/TNB.2019.2941550 Patel, 2019, Emerging treatments for erectile dysfunction: A review of novel, non-surgical options, Curr Urol Rep, 20, 10.1007/s11934-019-0908-2 Kim, 2020, Novel Emerging Therapies for Erectile Dysfunction, World J Mens Health, 38, 1 Gingell, 1999, Emerging pharmacological therapies for erectile dysfunction, Expert Opin Ther Pat, 9, 1689, 10.1517/13543776.9.12.1689 Hallam, 2007, Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction, Curr Top Med Chem, 7, 1137, 10.2174/156802607780906681 Lu, 2011, Rapid-onset sildenafil nasal spray carried by microemulsion systems: In vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits, Xenobiotica, 41, 567, 10.3109/00498254.2011.563877 Elnaggar, 2011, Fabrication, appraisal, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers versus solid lipid nanoparticles, Int J Nanomedicine, 6, 3195, 10.2147/IJN.S25825 Tsertsvadze, 2009, Diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction, Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep), 171, 98 Elnaggar, 2011, Sildenafil citrate nanoemulsion vs. self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems: Rational development and transdermal permeation, Int J Nanotechnol, 8, 749, 10.1504/IJNT.2011.041443 Yap, 2002, Topical agents and erectile dysfunction: is there a place?, Curr Urol Rep, 3, 471, 10.1007/s11934-002-0100-x Hamishehkar, 2015, The relationship between solubility and transdermal absorption of tadalafil, Adv Pharm Bull, 5, 411, 10.15171/apb.2015.056 Bennett, 2016, Advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: What's new and upcoming?, F1000Research, 5, 1 Hosny, 2014, Sildenafil citrate as oral solid lipid nanoparticles: A novel formula with higher bioavailability and sustained action for treatment of erectile dysfunction, Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 11, 1015, 10.1517/17425247.2014.912212 Ahmed, 2019, Development of an optimized avanafil-loaded invasomal transdermal film: Ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo evaluation, Int J Pharm, 570, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118657 Baek, 2015, Tadalafil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using permeation enhancers, Int J Pharm, 495, 701, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.054 Shitole, 2020, Progress in erectile dysfunction therapy through drug delivery system, Thai J Pharm Sci, 44, 73 Mehanna, 2015, Nanovesicular carrier-mediated transdermal delivery of tadalafil: I-formulation and physicsochemical characterization, Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 41, 714, 10.3109/03639045.2014.900075 El-Sakka, 2018, Pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction in diabetic males, Expert Opin Pharmacother, 19, 1345, 10.1080/14656566.2018.1505866 Han, 2010, Nanoparticles as a novel delivery vehicle for therapeutics targeting erectile dysfunction, J Sex Med, 7, 224, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01507.x Campbell, 2018, What is the future of erectile dysfunction therapy?, Curr Sex Heal Reports, 10, 169, 10.1007/s11930-018-0153-6 Mehanna, 2012, Quantitation of transdermal tadalafil in human skin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, J AOAC Int, 95, 1064, 10.5740/jaoacint.11-083 Güven, 2020, Lipid-based nanoparticles in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Int J Impot Res, 32, 578, 10.1038/s41443-020-0235-7 El Maghraby, 2009, Transdermal delivery of tadalafil. I. Effect of vehicles on skin permeation, Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 35, 329, 10.1080/03639040802360494 Mitidieri, 2020, Pharmacology and perspectives in erectile dysfunction in man, Pharmacol Ther, 208, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107493 Tawfik, 2018, Lipomers (Lipid-polymer Hybrid Particles) of vardenafil hydrochloride: a promising dual platform for modifying the drug release rate and enhancing its oral bioavailability, AAPS PharmSciTech, 19, 3650, 10.1208/s12249-018-1191-0 Chung, 2019, A review of current and emerging therapeutic options for erectile dysfunction, Med Sci, 7, 91 Fahmy, 2015, Nanoethosomal transdermal delivery of vardenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction: Optimization, characterization, and in vivo evaluation, Drug Des Devel Ther, 9, 6129, 10.2147/DDDT.S94615 Kurakula, 2016, Solid lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of avanafil: optimization, formulation, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies, J Liposome Res, 26, 288, 10.3109/08982104.2015.1117490 Hosny, 2015, Avanafil liposomes as transdermal drug delivery for erectile dysfunction treatment: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies, Trop J Pharm Res, 14, 559, 10.4314/tjpr.v14i4.1