A Review of Challenges for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Ngo T D, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen K T, and Hui D, Compos Part B Eng 143 (2018) 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb Buchanan C, and Gardner L, Eng. Struct 180 (2019) 332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.045 Rodrigues T A, Duarte V, Miranda R M, Santos T G, and Oliveira J P, Materials 12 (2019) 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071121 Chen X Z, Su C C, Wang Y H, Siddiquee A N, Sergey K, Jayalakshmi S, and Singh R A, J Surf Investig X-Ray Synchrotron Neutron Techol 12 (2018) 1278. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102745101901004X Zhang X, Wang K, and Zhou Q, Mater Sci Eng A 762 (2019) 138097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138097 Wu B, Qiu Z, Pan Z Carpenter K, Wang T, Ding D, Van D S, and Li H, J Mater Sci Technol 52 (2020) 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.019 Qi Z, Qi B, Cong B, Wu B, Qin L, Wu H, and Yang C, J Manuf Process 40 (2019) 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.03.003 Williams S W, and Martina F, Mater Sci Technol 32 (2016) 641. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000073 Wu B, Pan Z, Ding D, Cuiuri D, Li H, Xu J and Norrish J, J Manuf Process 35 (2018) 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.001 Lin Z, Song K, and Yu X, J Manuf Proces 70 (2021) 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.08.018 Rani K U, Kumar R, Mahapatra M M, Mulik R S, Świerczyńska A, Fydrych D, and Pandey C, Materials 15 (2022) 7094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207094 Kannan A R, Shanmugam N S, Rajkumar V, and Vishnukumar M, Mater Lett 270 (2020) 127680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127680 Shi J, Li F, Chen S, Zhao Y, Shi J, Li F, Chen S, Zhao Y, and Tian H, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101 (2019) 1349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2927-4 Miao Q, Wu D, Chai D, Zhan Y, Bi G, Niu F, and Ma G, Mater Des 186 (2020) 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108205 Xie B, Xue J, Ren X, Wu W, and Lin Z, Appl Sci 10 (2020) 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093284 Li Y, Xiong J, and Yin Z, Robot Comput Integr Manuf 56 (2019) 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2018.08.002 Ge J, Lin J, Chen Y Lei Y, and Fu H, J Alloy Compd 748 (2018) 911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.222 Wu B, Ding D, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, Li H, Han J, and Fei Z, J Mater Process Technol 250 (2017) 304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec07:304-312 Nie Y, Zhang P, Wu X, Li G, Yan H, and Yu Z, Sci Technol Weld Join 23 (2018) 527. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2018.1438236 Wang Y, Konovalov S, Chen X, Ivanov Y, Singh R A, Jayalakshmi S, and Pan X, Mater Highlight 2 (2021) 46. Qi Z, Cong B, Qi B, Sun H, Zhao G, and Ding J, J Mater Process Technol 255 (2018) 347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.12.019 Wang Y, Chen X, Shen Q, Su C, Zhang Y, Jayalakshmi S, and Singh R A, J Manuf Process 64 (2021) 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.07.040 Shen Q, Kong X, and Chen X, J Mater Sci Technol 74 (2021) 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.10.037 Lloyd D J, Int Mater Reviews 39 (1994) 1. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1994.39.1.1 Zhang W, Ding C, Wang H, Meng W, Xu Z, and Wang J, J Mater Eng Perform 27 (2021) 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05485-x Gao F, Guo Y, Yu W, Jiang P, and Liao Z, Mater Charact 177 (2021)111121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111121 Wang Y, Chen X, and Su C, Surf Coat Technol 374 (2019) 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.05.079 Xu F, Dhokia V, Colegrove P, McAndrew A, Williams S, Henstridge A, and Newman S T, Int J Comput Integr Manuf 31 (2018) 785. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2018.1466395 Borish M, Post B K, Roschli A, Chesser P C, Love L J, and Gaul K T, JOM 71 (2019) 893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3220-6 Lin W, Shen H, Fu J, and Wu S, Precis Eng 60 (2019) 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.06.004 Reisch R, Hauser T, Kamps T, and Knoll A, Procedia Manuf 51 (2020) 732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.103 Xiong J, Zhang Y, and Pi Y, J Intelli Manuf 24 (2020) 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01634-6 Li Y, Han Q, and Horvath I, J Mater Process Technol 274 (2019) 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116268 He X, Wang T, Wu K, and Liu H, Measurement 173 (2021) 108633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108633 Nguyen L, Buhl J, and Bambach M, Addit Manuf 35 (2020) 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101265 Michel F, Lockett H, Ding J, Martina F, Marinelli G, and Williams, Robot Comput Integr Manuf 60 (2019) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.05.009 Nguyen L, Buhl J, and Bambach M, J Mach Eng 18 (2018) 95. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8827 Suárez A, Aldalur E, Veiga F, Artaza T, and Tabernero I, J Manuf Processes 64 (2021) 188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.012 Biegler M, Wang J, Kaiser L, and Rethmeier M, Steel Res Int 91 (2020) 200. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000017 Liu H H, Zhao T, Li L Y, Liu W J, Wang T Q, and Yue J F, Inter J Adv Manuf Technol 106 (2020) 4879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-04960-4 Wang Y, Chen X, and Konovalov S V, J Surf Invest- X-ray 11 (2017) 1317. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451017060210 Rosli N A, Alkahari M R, Abdollah M F, Maidin S, Ramli F R, and Herawan S G, J Mater Res Technol 11 (2021) 2127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.002 Xia C, Pan Z, Polden J, Li H, Xu Y, Chen S, and Zhang Y, J Manuf Syst 57 (2020) 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.08.008 Dias M, Pragana J P, Ferreira B, Ribeiro I, Ribeiro I, and Silva C, Sustainability 14 (2022) 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095197 Ermakova A, Mehmanparast A, and Ganguly S, Procedia Struct Integr 17 (2019) 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.005 Vafadar A, Guzzomi F, Rassau A, and Hayward K, Appl Sci 11 (2021) 1213. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031213 Zeli W A, and Zhang Y A, Mater Sci 27 (2021) 18. https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.22772 Tripathi U, Saini N, Mulik R S, and Mahapatra M M, CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 37 (2022) 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2022.01.010 Shen C, Mu G, Hua X, Li F, Luo D, Ji X, and Zhang C, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 5 (2019) 3199–3209. Su C, Chen X, Konovalov S, Arvind Sr, Jayalakshmi S, and Huang L, J Mater Eng Perform 30 (2021) 2136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05528-3 Tawfik M M, Nemat A M, and Dewidar M M, J Mater Eng Perform 30 (2021) 7762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05959-y Gao C, Chen X, Su C, and Chen X, Vacuum 168 (2019) 108818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.108818 Herzog D, Seyda V, Wycisk E, and Emmelmann C, Acta Mater 117 (2016) 371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019 Jin P, Liu Y, and Sun Q, Addi Manuf 39 (2021) 101878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101878 Mordike B L, and Ebert T, Mater Sci Eng A 302 (2001) 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01351-4 Zhang L C, Liu Y, and Li S, Adv Eng Mater 20 (2018) 1700842. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700842 Selvakumar S, Sreebalaji V S, and Ravikumar K, Mater Manuf Process 1 (2021) 11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1866198 Takeda O, Ouchi T, and Okabe TH, Metallurg Mater Trans B 51 (2020) 1315–1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01898-6 Mereddy S, Bermingham M J, Stjohn D H, and Dargusch M S, J Alloy Compd 695 (2017) 2097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.049 Kim S G, Lee C M, and Kim D H, J Mater Res Technol 15 (2021) 3016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.130 Dharmendra C, Shakerin S, and Ram G J, Materials 13 (2020) 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100834 Wang H, and Kovacevic R, Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 215 (2001) 1519–1527. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954405011519420 Wu G, Wang C, Sun M, and Ding W, J Magnes Alloy 9 (2021) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.06.021 Takagi H, Sasahara H, and Abe T, Addit Manuf 24 (2018) 498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.026 Han D, Zhang J, Huang J, Han D, Zhang J, Huang J, Lian Y, and He G, J Magnes Alloy 8 (2020) 329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2019.11.014 Li J Z, Alkahari M R, Rosli N B, Hasan R, Sudin M N, and Ramli F R, Int J Auto Techol 13 (2019) 346. https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0346 Gneiger S, Österreicher A, Arnoldt A R, Birgmann A, and Fehlbier M, Metals 10 (2020) 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060778 Singh S R, and Khanna P, Materials Today: Proceedings 44 (2021) 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.030 Ding D, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, and Li H, Robot Comput Integr Manuf 31 (2015) 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2014.08.008 Bajaj P, Hariharan A, Kini A, Kürnsteiner P, Raabe D, and Jägle E A, Mater Sci Eng A 772 (2020) 138633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138633 Li Y, Xiong J, and Yin Z, Robot Cim-Int Manuf 56 (2019) 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2018.08.002 Jin P, Liu Y, and Li F, Compos. B. Eng 219 (2021) 108921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108921 Pattanayak S and Sahoo SK, CIRP-JMST 33 (2021) 398–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.04.010 Seloane WT, Mpofu K, and Ramatsetse B, Cog Eng 9 (2022) 2132647. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2132647 Wang L, Zhang Y, and Hua X, Intermetallics 136 (2021) 107277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2021.107277 Caba S, ATZ Worldw 122 (2020) 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s38311-020-0285-y Huang L, Chen X, and Konovalov S, Metals 11 (2021) 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020267 Liu D, Wu D, Wang R, Shi J, Niu F, and Ma G, Addit Manuf 50 (2022) 102554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102554 Xue C, Zhang Y, Mao P, Liu C, Guo Y, Qian F, Zhang C, Liu K, Zhang M, Tang S, and Wang J. Addit Manuf 43 (2021) 102019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102019 Li Y, Sun Y, Han Q, Zhang G, and Horváth I, J Mater Proces Technol 1 (2018) 838–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matprotec.2017.10.017 Xiong J, Zhang G, and Gao H, Robot Comput Integr Manuf 29 (2013) 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2012.09.011 Farias F W C, Cruz P F, and Oliveira V H, Addit Manuf 48 (2021) 102387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102387