A Proposed Mathematical Method to Quantify y-Axis Pelvic Rotation on the Anteroposterior Radiograph

Wall, 1995, Measurement error of spondylolisthesis as a function of radiographic beam angle, J Pediatr Orthop, 15, 193, 10.1097/01241398-199515020-00012 Coleman, 2004, Movement of the projected pedicles relative to the projected vertebral body in a fourth lumbar vertebra during axial rotation, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 27, 403, 10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.05.005 Coleman, 1999, Correlation and quantification of projected 2-dimensional radiographic images with actual 3-dimensional y-axis vertebral rotation, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 22, 21, 10.1016/S0161-4754(99)70101-6 Dulhunty, 1997, A mechanical and graphical evaluation of the Gonstead pelvic radiographic analysis, Chiropr J Aust, 27, 98 Schram, 1981, Spinographic positioning errors in Gonstead pelvic x-ray analysis, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 4, 179 Weinert, 2005, Influence of axial rotation on chiropractic pelvic radiographic analysis, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 28, 117, 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.01.007 Cooperstein, 2003, Gonstead chiropractic technique (GCT), J Chiropr Med, 2, 16, 10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60069-X Coleman, 2000, Correlation and quantification of relative 2-dimensional projected vertebral endplate z-axis rotations with 3-dimensional y-axis vertebral rotations and focal spot elevations, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 23, 414, 10.1067/mmt.2000.108141 Coleman, 2014, Exploratory evaluation of the effect of axial rotation, focal film distance and measurement methods on the magnitude of projected lumbar retrolisthesis on plain film radiographs, J Chiropr Med, 13, 247, 10.1016/j.jcm.2014.09.001 Friberg, 1987, The statics of postural pelvic tilt scoliosis; a radiographic study on 288 consecutive chronic LBP patients, Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2, 211, 10.1016/0268-0033(87)90084-2 Fann, 2003, Validation of postural radiographs as a way to measure change in pelvic obliquity, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84, 75, 10.1053/apmr.2003.50067 Coleman, 2011, Computer modeling of selected projectional factors of the 84-in focal film distance anteroposterior full spine radiograph compared with 40-in focal film distance sectional views, J Chiropr Med, 10, 18, 10.1016/j.jcm.2010.05.003