A Multinational Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of ‘11+ Kids’: A Warm-Up Programme to Prevent Injuries in Children’s Football

FIFA Communications Division. FIFA big count 2006: 270 million people active in football. Zurich. 2007.

Deutscher Fußball Bund. Mitglieder-Statistik 2016. http://www.dfb.de/fileadmin/_dfbdam/113011-Mitgliederstatistik_2016.pdf . Accessed 8 Dec 2017.

Faude O, Rössler R, Junge A. Football injuries in children and adolescent players: are there clues for prevention? Sports Med. 2013;43(9):819–37.

Rössler R, Junge A, Chomiak J, Dvorak J, Faude O. Soccer injuries in players aged 7 to 12 years:a descriptive epidemiological study over 2 seasons. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(2):309–17.

Rössler R, Junge A, Chomiak J, Nemec K, Dvorak J, Lichtenstein E, et al. Risk factors for football injuries in young players aged 7 to 12 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12981 .

Grooms DR, Palmer T, Onate JA, Myer GD, Grindstaff T. Soccer-specific warm-up and lower extremity injury rates in collegiate male soccer players. J Athl Train. 2013;48(6):782–9.

Owoeye OB, Akinbo SR, Tella BA, Olawale OA. Efficacy of the FIFA 11 + warm-up programme in male youth football: a cluster randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13(2):321–8.

Silvers-Granelli H, Mandelbaum B, Adeniji O, Insler S, Bizzini M, Pohlig R, et al. Efficacy of the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program in the collegiate male Soccer player. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(11):2628–37.

Soligard T, Myklebust G, Steffen K, Holme I, Silvers H, Bizzini M, et al. Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;9(337):a2469.

Mayo M, Seijas R, Alvarez P. Structured neuromuscular warm-up for injury prevention in young elite football players. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2014;58(6):336–42.

Barengo NC, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ramirez-Velez R, Cohen DD, Tovar G, Bautista JE. The impact of the FIFA 11 + training program on injury prevention in football players: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(11):11986–2000.

Herman K, Barton C, Malliaras P, Morrissey D. The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2012;19(10):75.

Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Pappas E, Sinclair PJ, Sanders RH. How effective are F-MARC injury prevention programs for soccer players? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2016;46(2):205–17.

Rössler R, Donath L, Verhagen E, Junge A, Schweizer T, Faude O. Exercise-based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014;44(12):1733–48.

Hammes D, Aus der Funten K, Kaiser S, Frisen E, Bizzini M, Meyer T. Injury prevention in male veteran football players: a randomised controlled trial using “FIFA 11+”. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(9):873–81.

Steffen K, Emery CA, Romiti M, Kang J, Bizzini M, Dvorak J, et al. High adherence to a neuromuscular injury prevention programme (FIFA 11+) improves functional balance and reduces injury risk in Canadian youth female football players: a cluster randomised trial. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(12):794–802.

van Reijen M, Vriend I, van Mechelen W, Finch CF, Verhagen EA. Compliance with sport injury prevention interventions in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2016;46(8):1125–39.

Rössler R, Donath L, Bizzini M, Faude O. A new injury prevention programme for children’s football—FIFA 11 + Kids—can improve motor performance: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(6):549–56.

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, Group C. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. PLoS Med. 2010;7(3):e1000251.

Campbell MK, Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Group C. Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ. 2012;4(345):e5661.

Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(3):193–201.

Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. Risk factors for injury in indoor compared with outdoor adolescent soccer. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(10):1636–42.

Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH, Hartmann SE. Evaluation of risk factors for injury in adolescent soccer: implementation and validation of an injury surveillance system. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(12):1882–91.

Faude O, Rössler R, Petushek EJ, Roth R, Zahner L, Donath L. Neuromuscular adaptations to multimodal injury prevention programs in youth sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Physiol. 2017;8:791.

Junge A, Lamprecht M, Stamm H, Hasler H, Bizzini M, Tschopp M, et al. Countrywide campaign to prevent soccer injuries in Swiss amateur players. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(1):57–63.

Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Holme I, Bahr R. Exercises to prevent lower limb injuries in youth sports: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2005;330(7489):449.

Hsieh FY, Lavori PW. Sample-size calculations for the Cox proportional hazards regression model with nonbinary covariates. Control Clin Trials. 2000;21(6):552–60.

Ripatti S, Palmgren J. Estimation of multivariate frailty models using penalized partial likelihood. Biometrics. 2000;56(4):1016–22.

Therneau TM, Grambsch PM, Pankratz VS. Penalized survival models and frailty. J Comput Graph Stat. 2003;12(1):156–75.

Moore DF. Applied survival analysis using R. Berlin: Springer; 2016. ISBN: 978-3-319-31245-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31245-3 .

Therneau TM, Grambsch PM. Modeling survival data: extending the Cox model. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2000.

Adelian R, Jamali J, Zare N, Ayatollahi SM, Pooladfar GR, Roustaei N. Comparison of Cox’s regression model and parametric models in evaluating the prognostic factors for survival after liver transplantation in Shiraz during 2000–2012. Int J Organ Transpl Med. 2015;6(3):119–25.

Hopkins WG. A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a P value. Sportscience. 2007;11:16–21.

Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2006;1(1):50–7.

Aalen OO. Heterogeneity in survival analysis. Stat Med. 1988;7(11):1121–37.

Chalmers DJ. Injury prevention in sport: not yet part of the game? Inj Prev. 2002;8(Suppl.4):IV22–5.

Emery CA, Roy TO, Whittaker JL, Nettel-Aguirre A, van Mechelen W. Neuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(13):865–70.

Soligard T, Nilstad A, Steffen K, Myklebust G, Holme I, Dvorak J, et al. Compliance with a comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in youth football. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(11):787–93.

Hagglund M, Atroshi I, Wagner P, Walden M. Superior compliance with a neuromuscular training programme is associated with fewer ACL injuries and fewer acute knee injuries in female adolescent football players: secondary analysis of an RCT. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(15):974–9.

Krustrup P, Aagaard P, Nybo L, Petersen J, Mohr M, Bangsbo J. Recreational football as a health promoting activity: a topical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(Suppl. 1):1–13.

Bangsbo J, Junge A, Dvorak J, Krustrup P. Executive summary: football for health: prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases across the lifespan through football. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(Suppl. 1):147–50.

Crane J, Temple V. A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2015;21(1):114–31.

Janssen I, Leblanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;11(7):40.

Sibley BA, Etnier JL. The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2003;15(3):243–56.

Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H. High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(10):3145–52.

von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H. High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(3):269–73.

Longo UG, Loppini M, Berton A, Marinozzi A, Maffulli N, Denaro V. The FIFA 11 + program is effective in preventing injuries in elite male basketball players: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(5):996–1005.