A Lay Ethics Quest for Technological Futures: About Tradition, Narrative and Decision-Making
Tóm tắt
Making better choices about future technologies that are being researched or developed is an important motivator behind lay ethics interventions. However, in practice, they do not always succeed to serve that goal. Especially authors who have noted that lay ethicists sometimes take recourse to well-known themes which stem from old, even ‘archetypical’ stories, have been criticized for making too little room for agency and decision-making in their approach. This paper aims to contribute to a reflection on how lay ethics can acquire more practical relevance. It will use resources in narrative ethics to suggest that in order to be relevant for action, facilitators of lay ethics interventions need to invite participants to engage in a narrative quest. As part of a quest, lay ethicists should be asked to (1) reflect on a specific question or choice, (2) use diverse (imaginative) input which is informative about the heterogeneity of viewpoints that are defended in society and (3) argue for their standpoints.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Boenink M, Swierstra T, Stemerding D (2010) Anticipating the interaction between technology and morality: a scenario study of experimenting with humans in bionanotechnology. Stud Ethics, Law Technol 4(2):1–38
Bowden P (2008) Caring: Gender-sensitive ethics. Routledge, London/New York
Brown N, Michael M (2003) A sociology of expectations: retrospecting prospects and prospecting retrospects. Tech Anal Strat Manag 15(1):3–18
Brown N, Rappert B, Webster A (eds) (2000) Contested futures: a sociology of prospective techno-science. Ashgate, Aldershot
Davies SR, Macnaghten P (2010) Narratives of mastery and resistance: lay ethics of nanotechnology. NanoEthics 4(2):141–151
Felt U, Fochler M, Müller A, Strassnig M (2008) Unruly ethics: on the difficulties of a bottom-up approach to ethics in the field of genomics. Public Underst Sci 18:354–371
Felt U, Schumann S, Schwarz CG, Strassnig M (2014) Technology of imagination: a card-based public engagement method for debating emerging technologies. Qual Res 14(2):233–251
Ferrari A (2010) Developments in the debate on nanoethics: traditional approaches and the need for new kinds of analysis. NanoEthics 4(1):27–52
Ferrari A, Nordmann A (2010) Beyond conversation: some lessons for nanoethics. NanoEthics 4(2):171–181
Frank AW (2013) The wounded storyteller: body, illness, and ethics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Grunwald A (2014) The hermeneutic side of responsible research and innovation. J Responsible Innov 1(3):274–291
Kearnes M, Macnaghten P, Davies SR (2014) Narrative, nanotechnology and the accomplishment of public responses: a response to Thorstensen. NanoEthics 8(3):241–250
Kiran AH, Oudshoorn N, Verbeek PP (2015) Beyond checklists: toward an ethical-constructive technology assessment. J Responsible Innov 2(1):5–19
Lovibond S (1983) Realism and imagination in ethics. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
Lovibond S (2009) Ethical formation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
MacIntyre A (1984) After virtue. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame
MacIntyre AC (1988) Whose justice? Which rationality? Duckworth, London
Macnaghten P (2010) Researching technoscientific concerns in the making: narrative structures, public responses and emerging nanotechnologies. Environ Plan 42(1):23–37
Macnaghten P, Davies SR, Kearnes M (2015) Understanding public responses to emerging technologies: a narrative approach. J Environ Policy Plan. doi:10.1080/1523908X.2015.1053110
Nordmann A (2014) Responsible innovation, the art and craft of anticipation. J Responsible Innov 1(1):87–98
Oerlemans AJM, van Hoek MEC, van Leeuwen E, van der Burg S, Dekkers WJM (2013) Towards a richer debate on tissue engineering: a consideration on the basis of NEST-ethics. Sci Eng Ethics 19(3):963–981
Okin SM (2008) Justice, gender, and the family. Basic books, New York
Ruddick S (1989) Maternal thinking; towards a politics of peace. The women’s press, London/Boston
Selin C (2008) The sociology of the future: tracing stories of technology and time. Sociol Compass 2(6):1878–1895
Scully JL, Shakespeare T, Banks S (2006) Gift not commodity? Lay people deliberating social sex selection. Sociol Health & Illness 28(6):749–767
Stout J (2009) Democracy and tradition. Princeton University Press, New Jersey
Stemerding D, Swierstra T, Boenink M (2010) Exploring the interaction between technology and morality in the field of genetic susceptibility testing: a scenario study. Futures 42(10):113–125
Swierstra T, Stemerding D, Boenink M (2009) Exploring techno-moral change: the case of the obesity pill. In: Sollie P, Düwell M (eds) Evaluating new technologies. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 119–138
Swierstra T, Rip A (2007) Nano-ethics as NEST-ethics: patterns of moral argumentation about new and emerging science and technology. NanoEthics 1(1):3–20
Taylor C (1989) Sources of the self: the making of the modern identity. Harvard University, Cambridge
Thorstensen E (2014) Public involvement and narrative fallacies of nanotechnologies. NanoEthics 8(3):227–240
Van der Burg S (2014) On the hermeneutic need for future anticipation. J Responsible Innov 1(1):99–102
Van Lente, H. V. (1993) Promising technology: the dynamics of expectations in technological developments (Doctoral dissertation, University of Twente)
Van Lente HV, Rip A (1998) Expectations in technological developments: an example of prospective structures to be filled in by agency. In: Disco C, Van der Meulen BJR (eds) Getting new technologies together. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 195–220
Walker MU (1998) Moral understandings: a feminist study in ethics. Routledge, New York