A Hybrid Reduction–Impregnation Method in Preparation of Co–Ru/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Tóm tắt
Three cobalt catalysts (Co) promoted by ruthenium supported on γ-Al2O3 were synthesized by incipient wetness co-impregnation (I/I), successive reduction (R/R), and a novel hybrid reduction–impregnation (R/I) methods. The Co loading in all of the present catalysts was 15.0 wt% and that of Ru was 0.15 wt%. To study the influence of the preparation methods on activity and selectivity of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, we used the prepared catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The different characteristic analysis tools such as X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Hydrogen temperature–programmed reduction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Inductive Coupled Plasma and Energy–dispersive X-ray were carried out to determine the properties of the present prepared catalysts. The TPR peaks for Co⋅Ru/Al2O3(R/I) catalyst were presented significantly at lower temperatures than those obtained for the Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (I/I) and Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (R/R) catalysts. The average sizes of the cobalt oxide particle were calculated as 7.9, 17.2, and 37.3 nm for Co⋅Ru/Al2O3/R/R, Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (R/I), and Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (I/I), respectively, which are nearly consistent with those sizes obtained by TEM images. Using Co⋅Ru/Al2O3(R/I), the enhancement in CO conversion, C5+ selectivity, and chain–growth probability were 30, 18, 12.5%, respectively, in compared to those obtained by Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (I/I) whereas the Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (R/R) catalyst did not highly improve the FT performance with respect to Co⋅Ru/Al2O3 (I/I). Moreover, the highest CO conversion, C5+ selectivity, chain–growth probability factor and the lowest C1 selectivity belonged to the hybrid reduction–impregnation method. The effects of temperature (T = 210–230 °C) and pressure (P = 10–20 bar) were thoroughly investigated while H2/CO ratio and GHSV were kept 2 and 1800 per hour, respectively. Using the reaction yield of C5+ as a criterion, the Co⋅Ru/Al2O3(R/I) catalyst was selected to be the most productive catalyst at the optimum operating conditions 230 °C and 10 bars.
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