A DATABASE FOR BACK (AXIAL SKELETAL) PAIN

Anderson, 1977, Problems of classification of low-back pain, Rheum Rehabil, 16, 34, 10.1093/rheumatology/16.1.34 Beck, 1961, An inventory for measuring depression, Arch Gen Psychiatr, 4, 53, 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 Benjamin, 1988, The relationship of chronic pain, mental illness and organic disorders, Pain, 32, 185, 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90067-X Bergner, 1993, Development, testing, and use of the Sickness Impact Profile, 95 Bernstein, 1994, On the utility of the SCL-90-R with low-back pain patients, Spine, 19, 42, 10.1097/00007632-199401000-00008 Biering-Soerensen, 1984, Reproducibility of the history of low-back trouble, Spine, 9, 280, 10.1097/00007632-198404000-00010 Blower, 1988, Back pain at Greenwich, J Royal Soc Med, 81, 203, 10.1177/014107688808100406 Bombardier, 1985, The epidemiology of regional musculoskeletal disorders: Canada, 104 Bonica, 1990, Definitions and taxonomy of pain, 18 Bruin de, 1994, The sickness impact profile: SIP68, a short generic version, First evaluation of the reliability and reproducibility. J Clin Epidemiol, 47, 863 Bryant, 1993, Memory for pain and affect in chronic pain patients, Pain, 54, 347, 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90036-O Callahan, 1987, Quantitative pain assessment for routine care of rheumatoid arthritis patients, using a pain scale on activities of daily living and a visual analog pain scale, Arthritis Rheum, 30, 630, 10.1002/art.1780300605 Carr, 1994, Towards a measure of patient-perceived handicap in rheumatoid arthritis, Br J Rheumatol, 33, 378, 10.1093/rheumatology/33.4.378 Chan, 1993, The pain drawing and Waddell's nonorganic physical signs in chronic low-back pain, Spine, 18, 1717, 10.1097/00007632-199310000-00001 Christensen, 1993, Severe low-back pain, I: Clinical assessment of two weeks conservative therapy. Scand J Rheumatol, 22, 25 Coste, 1991, Clinical and psychological diversity of nonspecific low-back pain, A new approach towards the classification of clinical subgroups. J Clin Epidemiol, 44, 1233 Daltroy, 1990, A modification of the health assessment questionnaire for the spondyloarthropathies, J Rheumatol, 17, 946 Derogatis, 1983 Deyo, 1993, Practice variations, treatment fads, rising disability. Do we need a new clinical research paradigm?, Spine, 18, 2153, 10.1097/00007632-199311000-00002 Deyo, 1989, Diagnostic imaging procedures for the lumbar spine, Ana Intern Med, 111, 865, 10.7326/0003-4819-111-11-865 Deyo, 1986, Patient satisfaction with medical care for low-back pain, Spine, 11, 28, 10.1097/00007632-198601000-00008 Deyo, 1987, Descriptive epidemiology of low back pain and its related medical care in the United States, Spine, 12, 264, 10.1097/00007632-198704000-00013 Deyo, 1989, Studies of the Modified Somatic Perceptions Questionnaire (MSPQ) in patients with back pain, Psychometric and predictive properties. Spine, 14, 507 Dillane, 1966, Acute back syndrome: A study from general practice, BMJ, 2, 82, 10.1136/bmj.2.5505.82 Dougados, 1988, Evaluation of a functional index and an articular index in ankylosing spondylitis, J Rheumatol, 15, 302 Fairbanks, 1980, The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire, Physiotherapy, 66, 271 Flor, 1988, Chronic back pain and rheumatoid arthritis: Predicting pain and disability from cognitive variables, J Behav Med, 11, 251, 10.1007/BF00844431 Fries, 1980, Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 23, 137, 10.1002/art.1780230202 Garratt, 1993, The SF 36 health survey questionnaire: An outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS?, BMJ, 306, 1440, 10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1440 Granges, 1993, A comparative study of clinical signs in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome, healthy and exercising subjects, Rheumatol, 20, 344 Greenough, 1991, Comparison of eight psychometric instruments in unselected patients with back pain, Spine, 16, 1068, 10.1097/00007632-199109000-00010 Guyatt, 1992, Measuring health status: What are the necessary measurement properties?, J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 1341, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90194-R Harper, 1992, Symptoms of impairment, disability and handicap in low back pain: A taxonomy, Pain, 50, 189, 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90160-D Harwood, 1994, Measuring handicap: The London handicap scale, a new outcome measure for chronic disease, Quality in Health Care, 3, 11, 10.1136/qshc.3.1.11 Hildebrandt J: Diagnostik und Klassifikation chronischer “idiopathischer” Rückenschmerzen. Medizinische Habilitationsarbeit Göttingen, 1987 Hildebrandt, 1992, Zum Problem der Klassifikation chronischer Schmerzsyndrome, Multiaxiale Schmerzklassifikation MASK. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther, 27, 366, 10.1055/s-2007-1000315 Hirsch, 1991, Relationship between performance on lumbar dynamometry and Waddell Score in a population with low-back pain, Spine, 16, 1039, 10.1097/00007632-199109000-00004 Hunt, 1986 International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), 1986, Classification of chronic pain, Pain, 3, 1 Jensen, 1994, Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain, N Engl J Med, 331, 69, 10.1056/NEJM199407143310201 Kaplan, 1993, The quality of well-being scale: Rationale for a single quality of life index, 65 Keefe, 1982, Development of an observation method for assessing pain behavior in chronic low back pain patients, Behav Ther, 13, 363, 10.1016/S0005-7894(82)80001-4 Keefe, 1984, Direct observation of pain behavior in low back pain patients during physical examination, Pain, 20, 59, 10.1016/0304-3959(84)90811-X Keitel, 1971, Ermittlung der prozentualen Funktionsminderung der Gelenke durch einen Bewegungsfunktionstest in der Rheumatologie, Dt Gesundheitswesen, 26, 1901 Kohlmann, 1992, Funktionsbehinderung, schmerzbezogene Kognitionen und emotionale Beeinträchtigung bei Rückenschmerzen, 107 Kohlmann, 1994, Zur Graduierung von Rückenschmerzen (Grading of back pain), Therapeutische Umschau, 51, 375 von Korff, 1988, An epidemiologic comparison of pain complaints, Pain, 32, 173, 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90066-8 von Korff, 1990, Graded chronic pain status: An epidemiology evaluation, Pain, 40, 279, 10.1016/0304-3959(90)91125-3 Krause, 1994, Occupational disability due to low back pain: A new interdisciplinary classification based on a phase model of disability, Spine, 19, 1011, 10.1097/00007632-199405000-00002 Kuorinka, 1987, Standardized nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms, Applied Ergonomics, 18, 233, 10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X Lawrence, 1992, Acute low back pain and economics of therapy: The iterative loop approach, J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 301, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90091-Z Liang, 1982, Roentgenograms in primary care patients with acute low back pain, A cost-effectiveness analysis. Arch Intern Med, 142, 1108, 10.1001/archinte.1982.00340190064013 Loeser, 1982, Concepts of pain, 145 Magni, 1990, Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the general population, An analysis of the 1st National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Pain, 43, 299 Main, 1983, The Modified Somatic Perceptions Questionnaire (MSPQ), J Psychosom Res, 27, 503, 10.1016/0022-3999(83)90040-5 Main, 1992, The distress and risk assessment method: A simple patient classification to identify distress and evaluate the risk of poor outcome, Spine, 17, 42, 10.1097/00007632-199201000-00007 McCombe, 1989, Reproducibility of physical signs in low-back pain, Spine, 14, 908, 10.1097/00007632-198909000-00002 McNeill, 1986, Psychologic classification of low back pain patients: A prognostic tool, Spine, 11, 955, 10.1097/00007632-198611000-00018 Melzack, 1987, The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain, 30, 191, 10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8 Millard, 1989, The functional assessment screening questionnaire: Application for evaluating pain-related disability, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 70, 303 Millard, 1991, Construct validity of practical questionnaires for assessing disability of low-back pain, Spine, 16, 835, 10.1097/00007632-199107000-00026 Million, 1982, Assessment of the progress of the back-pain patient, Spine, 7, 204, 10.1097/00007632-198205000-00004 Nachemson, 1982, Classification of low-back pain, Scand J Environ Health, 8, 134, 10.5271/sjweh.2490 Newton, 1993, Trunk strength testing with iso-machines, Part 2: Experimental evaluation of the Cybex II Back Testing System in normal subjects and patients with chronic low back pain. Spine, 18, 812 Newton, 1993, Trunk strength testing with iso-machines, Part 1: Review of a decade of scientific evidence. Spine, 18, 801 Porter, 1994, A ten-year prospective study of vertebral canal size as a predictor of back pain, Spine, 19, 173, 10.1097/00007632-199401001-00010 Quebec Task Force on Spinal Disorders, 1987, Scientific approach to the assessment and management of activity-related spinal disorders, Spine Radloff, 1977, The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population, Appl Psych Measurement, 3, 385, 10.1177/014662167700100306 Ransford, 1976, The pain drawing as an aid to the psychological evaluation of patients with low-back pain, Spine, 1, 127, 10.1097/00007632-197606000-00007 Raspe, 1993, Back pain, 330 Raspe, 1993, Grading the severity of back pain (BP) in a German population [abstract], Arthritis Rheum, 36, 48 Raspe, 1994, Die aktuelle Rückenschmerzepidemie (The present back-pain epidemic), Therapeutische Umschau, 51, 367 Raspe, 1994, Population surveys for disorders characterized by pain: A methodological survey, J Epidemiol Community Health,, 48, 351, 10.1136/jech.48.6.531 Riddle, 1993, Intertester reliability of McKenzie's classifications of the syndrome types present in patients with low back pain, Spine, 18, 1333, 10.1097/00007632-199308000-00013 Roland, 1983, A study of the natural history of back pain, Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine, 8, 141 Salminen, 1992, Spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength in 15-year-old schoolchildren with and without low-back pain, Spine, 17, 405, 10.1097/00007632-199204000-00005 Schmidt, 1989, Environmental and interoceptive influences on chronic low back pain behavior, Pain, 38, 137, 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90231-5 Smith, 1993, Effects of present pain level on recall of chronic pain and medication use, Pain, 55, 355, 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90011-D Spielberger, 1970 Steinbrocker, 1949, Therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis, JAMA, 140, 659, 10.1001/jama.1949.02900430001001 Svensson, 1982, Low back pain in forty to forty-seven year old men, 1 Frequency of occurence and impact on medical services. Scand J Rehab Med, 14, 47 Symmons, 1991, A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women, II. Clinical findings. Ann Rheum Dis, 50, 158, 10.1136/ard.50.3.158 Tait, 1990, The Pain Disability Index: Psychometric properties, Pain, 40, 171, 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90068-O Talo, 1992, Psychological impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: A pilot study of psychological assessment of functioning in chronic pain patients, Disability and Rehabilitation, 14, 4, 10.3109/09638289209166419 Talo, 1992, Patient classification, a key to evaluate pain treatment: A psychological study in chronic low back pain patients, Spine, 17, 998, 10.1097/00007632-199209000-00001 Turk, 1988, The disability determination dilemma: Toward a multiaxial solution, Pain, 34, 217, 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90117-0 Turk, 1990, The robustness of an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients, Pain, 43, 27, 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90047-H Udén, 1988, Pain drawings in chronic back pain, Spine, 13, 389, 10.1097/00007632-198804000-00002 Valkenburg, 1982, The epidemiology of low back pain Vreede, 1993 Waddell, 1984, Symptoms and signs: Physical disease or illness behaviour?, BMJ, 289, 739, 10.1136/bmj.289.6447.739 Waddell, 1982, Normality and reliability in the clinical assessment of backache, BMJ, 1519, 10.1136/bmj.284.6328.1519 Waddell, 1984, Assessment of severity in low-back disorders, Spine, 9, 204, 10.1097/00007632-198403000-00012 Waddell, 1984, Chronic low-back pain, psychologic distress, and illness behavior, Spine, 9, 209, 10.1097/00007632-198403000-00013 Waddell, 1980, Nonorganic physical signs in low-back pain, Spine, 5, 117, 10.1097/00007632-198003000-00005 Wagenhäuser, 1989, Degenerative Erkrankungen der Wirbelsäule, 13.1 Walsh, 1991, Reproducibility of histories of low-back pain obtained by self-administered questionnaire, Spine, 16, 1075, 10.1097/00007632-199109000-00011 Walsh, 1992, Low back pain in eight areas of Britain, J Epidemiol Commun Health, 46, 227, 10.1136/jech.46.3.227 Ware, 1992, The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473 Westrin, 1974, The reliability of auto-anamnesis, Scand J Soc Med, 2, 23, 10.1177/140349487400200104 WHO, 1980 Williams de C, 1993, What does the BDI measure in chronic pain?, Pain, 55, 259, 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90155-I Williams, 1992, How should health status measures be assessed? Cautionary notes on procrustean frameworks, J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 1347, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90195-S Wolfe, 1990, The American College of Rheumatology 1990, Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum, 33, 160 Wood, 1987, Epidemiology of back pain Zung, 1965, A self-rating depression scale, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 12, 63, 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008