A Current Review of Juvenile Pemphigus Vulgaris
Tóm tắt
Forty-seven cases of juvenile pemphigus vulgaris have been reported in the English literature. Histology of lesional skin and direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin are both necessary for a complete diagnosis. The autoimmune bullous condition can affect the skin and mucous membranes individually, but typically affects both concurrently. Disease characteristics in juvenile patients are similar to those in adults; however, a disruption of biologic and social development is of particular concern during adolescence. Although systemic corticosteroids have been used to successfully treat the disease in most cases, long-term use is often necessary for adequate control. Adverse effects from therapy can have devastating effects during this critical period of hormonal changes, physical and mental growth, and social and cultural development that occurs during adolescence. Newer therapies must be designed to adequately treat juvenile patients while also limiting serious adverse effects
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bystryn JC, Rudolph JL. Pemphigus. Lancet 2005 Jul 2-8; 366 (9479): 61–73
Ahmed AR, Salm M. Juvenile pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983 Jun; 8 (6): 799–807
Sillevis Smitt JH. Pemphigus vulgaris in childhood: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Pediatr Dermatol 1985 Mar; 2 (3): 185–90
Elias PM, Jarratt M, Zalitis IE, et al. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris. N Engl J Med 1972 Oct 12; 287 (15): 758–60
Menter MA, Bell AA, Wells RS. Pemphigus vulgaris in a boy aged thirteen. Guys Hosp Rep 1973; 122 (1-2): 123–7
Wrancz AE. Combined treatment with steroids and imuran of pemphigus vulgaris in a 15-year-old girl [in Polish]. Przegl Dermatol 1975; 62: 551–3
Harrington I, Sneddon IB, Walker AE. Pemphigus vulgaris in a 15-year-old girl. Acta Derm Venereol 1978; 58 (3): 277–9
Sodaify M, Vollum DI. Pemphigus vulgaris in adolescence. Clin Exp Dermatol 1979 Jun; 4 (2): 205–7
Laskaris G, Sklavounou A, Bovopoulou O. Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981 Apr; 51 (4): 415–20
Hempstead RW, Marks Jr JG. Pediatric pemphigus vulgaris: treatment with topical adrenal steroids. Arch Dermatol 1984 Jul; 120 (7): 962–3
Lynde CW, Ongley RC, Rigg JM. Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1984 Aug; 120 (8): 1098–9
Jacyk WK, Dyer RB. Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris: a case report. S Afr Med J 1987 Mar 7; 71 (5): 325
David M, Zaidenbaum M, Sandbank M. Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris: a 4- to 19-year follow-up of 4 patients. Dermatologica 1988; 177 (3): 165–9
Graff-Lonnevig V, Kaaman T. Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991 Feb; 80 (2): 262–5
Kanwar AJ, Kaur S. Pemphigus in children. Int J Dermatol 1991 May; 30 (5): 343–6
Gorsky M, Raviv M, Raviv E. Pemphigus vulgaris in adolescence: a case presentation and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Jun; 77 (6): 620–2
Kanwar AJ, Dhar S, Kaur S. Further experience with pemphigus in children. Pediatr Dermatol 1994 Jun; 11 (2): 107–11
Wananukul S, Pongprasit P. Childhood pemphigus. Int J Dermatol 1999 Jan; 38 (1): 29–35
Schmidt E, Herzog S, Brocker EB, et al. Long-standing remission of recalcitrant juvenile pemphigus vulgaris after adjuvant therapy with rituximab. Br J Dermatol 2005 Aug; 153 (2): 449–51
Yazganoglu KD, Baykal C, Kucukoglu R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006 Dec; 33 (12): 846–9
Mamelak AJ, Eid MP, Cohen BA, et al. Rituximab therapy in severe juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. Cutis 2007 Oct; 80 (4): 335–40
Asarch A, Ahmed AR. Treatment of juvenile pemphigus vulgaris with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Pediatr Dermatol 2009 Mar-Apr; 26 (2): 197–202
Ahmed AR, Dahl MV. Consensus statement on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the treatment of autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases. Arch Dermatol 2003 Aug; 139 (8): 1051–9
Chams-Davatchi C, Valikhani M, Daneshpazhooh M, et al. Pemphigus: analysis of 1209 cases. Int J Dermatol 2005 Jun; 44 (6): 470–6
Esmaili N, Chams-Davatchi C, Valikhani M, et al. Pemphigus vulgaris in Iran: a clinical study of 140 cases. Int J Dermatol 2007 Nov; 46 (11): 1166–70
Ljubojevic S, Lipozencic J, Brenner S, et al. Pemphigus vulgaris: a review of treatment over a 19-year period. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002 Nov; 16 (6): 599–603
Lever WF, White H. Treatment of pemphigus with corticosteroids: results obtained in 46 patients over a period of 11 years. Arch Dermatol 1963 Jan; 87: 12–26
Robinson JC, Lozada-Nur F, Frieden I. Oral pemphigus vulgaris: a review of the literature and a report on themanagement of 12 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997 Oct; 84 (4): 349–55
Bystryn JC, Steinman NM. The adjuvant therapy of pemphigus: an update. Arch Dermatol 1996 Feb; 132 (2): 203-2
Diab M, Bechtel M, Coloe J, et al. Treatment of refractory pemphigus erythematosus with rituximab. Int J Dermatol 2008 Dec; 47 (12): 1317–8
Daoud YJ, Amin KG. Comparison of cost of immune globulin intravenous therapy to conventional immunosuppressive therapy in treating patients with autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2006 Apr; 6 (4): 600–6
Yokota S, Mori M, Imagawa T, et al. Proposal for juvenile idiopathic arthritis guidance on diagnosis and treatment for primary care pediatricians and nonpediatric rheumatologists (2007). Mod Rheumatol 2007; 17 (5): 353–63
Compeyrot-Lacassagne S, Feldman BM. Inflammatory myopathies in children. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2007 Aug; 33 (3): 525–53, vii
Fisler RE, Liang MG, Fuhlbrigge RC, et al. Aggressive management of juvenile dermatomyositis results in improved outcome and decreased incidence of calcinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Oct; 47 (4): 505–11
Macdermott EJ, Adams A, Lehman TJ. Systemic lupus erythematosus in children: current and emerging therapies. Lupus 2007; 16 (8): 677–83
Brunner HI, Gladman DD, Ibanez D, et al. Difference in disease features between childhood-onset and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2008 Feb; 58 (2): 556–62
Kone-Paut I, Piram M, Guillaume S, et al. Lupus in adolescence. Lupus 2007; 16 (8): 606–12
Mintzer IJ, Rubin Z. Pemphigus vulgaris in a thirteen-year-old girl. NY State J Med 1955 Jul 1; 55 (13): 1903–7
Jordon RE, Ihrig JJ, Perry HO. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: report of a case. Arch Dermatol 1969 Feb; 99 (2): 176–9
Rosenberg FR, Sanders S, Nelson CT. Pemphigus: a 20-year review of 107 patients treated with corticosteroids. Arch Dermatol 1976 Jul; 112 (7): 962–70
Bjarnason B, Flosadottir E. Childhood, neonatal, and stillborn pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1999 Sep; 38 (9): 680–8
Harman KE, Albert S, Black MM. Guidelines for the management of pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2003 Nov; 149 (5): 926–37