A Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Model According to Behavioral, Psychosocial and Traditional Factors in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (CRAS-MI): Review of Literature and Methodology of a Multi-Center Cohort Study

Gheorghe, 2018, The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review, BMC Public Health., 18, 975, 10.1186/s12889-018-5806-x Alipour, 2021, Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases before and after Iran's health transformation plan: evidence from a referral hospital of Iran, Cost Eff Resour Alloc., 19, 1, 10.1186/s12962-020-00250-8 Petruzzo, 2021, The Framingham cardiovascular risk score and 5-year progression of multiple sclerosis, Eur J Neurol., 28, 893, 10.1111/ene.14608 Roohafza, 2021, How is type D personality associated with the major psychological outcomes in noncardiac chest pain patients?, Personal Ment Health. Garg, 2017, Comparison of different cardiovascular risk score calculators for cardiovascular risk prediction and guideline recommended statin uses, Indian Heart J., 69, 458, 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.01.015 Roohafza, 2021, Determinants of depression in non-cardiac chest pain patients: a cross sectional study, Korean J Pain., 34, 417, 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.4.417 Stauber, 2012, A comparison of psychosocial risk factors between 3 groups of cardiovascular disease patients referred for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev., 32, 175, 10.1097/HCR.0b013e31824cc1f7 Lee, 2021, Preoperative stress test and postoperative MI in patients requiring lower extremity bypass for critical limb ischemia, Ann Vasc Surg., 72, 529, 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.08.140 Tessler J, Bordoni B. Cardiac rehabilitation. In 2021. Furuyashiki, 2019, Roles of multiple lipid mediators in stress and depression, Int Immunol., 31, 579, 10.1093/intimm/dxz023 Hammadah, 2018, Inflammatory response to mental stress and mental stress induced myocardial ischemia, Brain Behav Immun., 68, 90, 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.004 Felix, 2019, Stress, resilience, and cardiovascular disease risk among black women, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes., 12, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005284 Galluzzi, 2018, Linking cellular stress responses to systemic homeostasis, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol., 19, 731, 10.1038/s41580-018-0068-0 Smith, 2006, The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress, Dialogues Clin Neurosci., 8, 383, 10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/ssmith Roohafza, 2014, What's the role of perceived social support and coping styles in depression and anxiety?, J Res Med Sci Off J Isfahan Univ Med Sci., 19, 944 Mazaheri, 2016, The structural model of pain, cognitive strategies, and negative emotions in functional gastrointestinal disorders, J Res Med Sci Off J Isfahan Univ Med Sci., 21, 107 Ray, 2017, Stress, Anxiety, and Immunomodulation: a pharmacological analysis, Vitam Horm., 103, 1, 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.09.007 Esler, 2017, Mental stress and human cardiovascular disease, Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 74, 269, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.011 Khorvash, 2019, Comparison of acute ischemic stroke evaluation and the etiologic subtypes between university and nonuniversity hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, Int J stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc., 14, 613, 10.1177/1747493019828648 Sharbafchi, 2020, Personality traits are related to functional dyspepsia in a large sample of Iranian adults, J Psychosom Res., 129, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109912 Rojas-Morales, 2020, Ketone bodies, stress response, and redox homeostasis, Redox Biol., 29, 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101395 Kato, 2017, Takotsubo syndrome: aetiology, presentation and treatment, Heart., 103, 1461, 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309783 Pelliccia, 2017, Pathophysiology of takotsubo syndrome, Circulation., 135, 2426, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027121 Tan, 2019, Social integration, social support, and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, 1498, 10.3390/ijerph16091498 Meldahl, 1988, Identification of persons at risk for sudden cardiac death, Med Clin North Am., 72, 1015, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30727-1 Kupper, 2018, Type D personality as a risk factor in coronary heart disease: a review of current evidence, Curr Cardiol Rep., 20, 104, 10.1007/s11886-018-1048-x Nero, 2019, Personality traits in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries, Am J Med., 132, 374, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.010 Rutan, 1988, Mortality associated with diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension among men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial, Circulation., 77, 504, 10.1161/01.CIR.77.3.504 Wardle, 2011, Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, Obesity (Silver Spring)., 19, 771, 10.1038/oby.2010.241 Hu, 2021, Social isolation, social support, loneliness and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study among older adults, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry., 36, 1795, 10.1002/gps.5601 Arigo, 2021, Predictors of change in BMI over 10 years among midlife and older adults: Associations with gender, CVD risk status, depressive symptoms, and social support, Soc Sci Med., 279, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113995 O'Neil, 2018, Gender/sex as a social determinant of cardiovascular risk, Circulation., 137, 854, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028595 Mannoh, 2021, Impact of social determinants of health on cardiovascular disease prevention, Curr Opin Cardiol., 36, 572, 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000893 Rafanelli, 2010, Dysthymia before myocardial infarction as a cardiac risk factor at 2.5-year follow-up, Psychosomatics., 51, 8, 10.1016/S0033-3182(10)70653-8 Shuhaiber, 2003, Depression as risk factor for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery, Lancet (London, England), 362, 1500, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14702-2 Arthur, 2006, Depression, isolation, social support, and cardiovascular disease in older adults, J Cardiovasc Nurs., 21, S2, 10.1097/00005082-200609001-00002 Brauer, 2021, Taking a stand against air pollution - the impact on cardiovascular disease: a joint opinion from the world heart federation, american college of cardiology, american heart association, and the european society of cardiology, Global Heart, 16, 8, 10.5334/gh.948 van’t Klooster, 2021, Added value of cardiovascular calcifications for prediction of recurrent cardiovascular events and cardiovascular interventions in patients with established cardiovascular disease, Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 37, 2051, 10.1007/s10554-021-02164-9 Dickens, 2007, Depression is a risk factor for mortality after myocardial infarction: fact or artifact?, J Am Coll Cardiol., 49, 1834, 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.075 Strik, 2004, One year cumulative incidence of depression following myocardial infarction and impact on cardiac outcome, J Psychosom Res., 56, 59, 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00380-5 Holt-Lunstad, 2010, Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review, PLoS Med., 7, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 Larsen, 2014, Post-myocardial infarction anxiety or depressive symptoms and risk of new cardiovascular events or death: a population-based longitudinal study, Psychosom Med., 76, 739, 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000115 Larsen, 2013, Depression following myocardial infarction–an overseen complication with prognostic importance, Dan Med J., 60, B4689 Kokab, 2018, The experience and influence of social support and social dynamics on cardiovascular disease prevention in migrant Pakistani communities: a qualitative synthesis, Patient Educ Couns., 101, 619, 10.1016/j.pec.2017.10.003 Hauenstein, 2003, Depression in adolescence, J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs JOGNN., 32, 239, 10.1177/0884217503252133 Evans-Lacko, 2018, Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, Psychol Med., 48, 1560, 10.1017/S0033291717003336 Huffman, 2013, Depression and cardiac disease: epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis, Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol., 2013, 10.1155/2013/695925 Harshfield, 2020, Association between depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular diseases, JAMA., 324, 2396, 10.1001/jama.2020.23068 Cai, 2019, Post stroke depression and risk of stroke recurrence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ageing Res Rev., 50, 102, 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.013 Batelaan, 2016, Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis, Br J Psychiatry., 208, 223, 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554 Smith, 2021, PTSD in veterans, couple behavior, and cardiovascular response during marital conflict, Emotion., 21, 478, 10.1037/emo0000727 Ho, 2021, Complex PTSD symptoms mediate the association between childhood trauma and physical health problems, J Psychosom Res., 142, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110358 Weggen, 2021, Impact of acute antioxidant supplementation on vascular function and autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults with PTSD, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 321, R49, 10.1152/ajpregu.00054.2021 Thygesen, 2018, Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018), Circulation., 138, e618, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000617 Morisky, 1986, Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence, Med Care., 24, 67, 10.1097/00005650-198601000-00007 Collett, 2015 Miao, 2020, Incidence and predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerotic disease or multiple risk factors, J Am Heart Assoc., 9, 10.1161/JAHA.119.014402 Sarrafzadegan, 2017, PARS risk charts: a 10-year study of risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases in eastern mediterranean region, PLoS One, 12, e0189389, 10.1371/journal.pone.0189389 Cooney, 2010, Assessment of cardiovascular risk, Curr Hypertens Rep., 12, 384, 10.1007/s11906-010-0143-1 Goff, 2014, 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, Circulation., 129, S49, 10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98 Statnikov, 2005, A comprehensive evaluation of multicategory classification methods for microarray gene expression cancer diagnosis, Bioinformatics., 21, 631, 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti033 D'Agostino, 2003, Evaluation of the performance of survival analysis models: discrimination and calibration measures, Handb Stat, 23, 1, 10.1016/S0169-7161(03)23001-7 Collins, 2015, Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement, J Br Surg., 102, 148, 10.1002/bjs.9736 Steyerberg E: Evaluation of performance. In: Clinical prediction models. Springer, Cham;. p. 277–308, 2019. Wells, 2021, Improving the effectiveness of psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in cardiac rehabilitation: PATHWAY-A single-blind, parallel, randomized, controlled trial of group metacognitive therapy, Circulation., 144, 23, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052428 Baig, 2021, Cardiac rehabilitation in women; comparison of enrollment, adherence and outcomes between heart failure and coronary artery disease, Hear Lung., 50, 223, 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.12.004 Bermudez, 2022, Depression and anxiety in cardiac rehabilitation: differential associations with changes in exercise capacity and quality of life, Anxiety Stress Coping., 35, 204, 10.1080/10615806.2021.1952191 Bravo-Escobar, 2021, Effectiveness of e-Health cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in moderate-risk patients, Sci Rep., 11, 3760, 10.1038/s41598-021-83231-y Pedersen, 2021, Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a therapist-assisted web-based intervention for depression and anxiety in patients with ischemic heart disease attending cardiac rehabilitation [eMindYourHeart trial]: a randomised controlled trial protocol, BMC Cardiovasc Disord., 21, 1, 10.1186/s12872-020-01801-w Arrebola-Moreno, 2020, Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review, Int J Nurs Stud., 108, 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103613 Bruyninx, 2021, Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in cardiac rehabilitation patients in an academic hospital: a case study, Psychiatr Q, 92, 273, 10.1007/s11126-020-09791-w Suskin, 2021, Sex, depression, and more in cardiac rehabilitation, Can J Cardiol, 37, 357, 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.12.001 Linden, 2007, Psychological treatment of cardiac patients: a meta-analysis, Eur Hear J., 28, 2972, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm504 Mesa-Vieira, 2021, Psychosocial risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation: time to screen beyond anxiety and depression, Glob Hear., 16, 1 O'Neill, 2021, Sex and age differences in anxiety and depression levels before and after aerobic interval training in cardiac rehabilitation, J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev., 42, 15, 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000617 Steptoe, 2012, Stress and cardiovascular disease, Nat Rev Cardiol., 9, 360, 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.45 Moran, 2021, Symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes in a canadian outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev., 41, 328, 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000603 Mohammadifard, 2015, Validation of a simplified food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of dietary habits in Iranian adults: Isfahan healthy heart program, ARYA Atheroscler., 11, 139 Farrahi Moghaddam, 2012, Reliability and validity of the persian version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI-P), Sleep Breath. Mar., 16, 79, 10.1007/s11325-010-0478-5 Kessler, 2003, Screening for serious mental illness in the general population, Arch Gen Psychiatry., 60, 184, 10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 Kroenke, 2001, The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure, J Gen Intern Med., 16, 606, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x Fava, 1995, Diagnostic criteria for use in psychosomatic research, Psychother Psychosom., 63, 1, 10.1159/000288931 Ware, 1995 Denollet, 2005, DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and type D personality, Psychosom, 67, 89, 10.1097/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49 Roohafza, 2009, Association of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors with coping strategies in Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, Iran, Croat Med J., 50, 380, 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.380 Antonovsky, 1993, The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale, Soc Sci Med., 36, 725, 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z