An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products
Tóm tắt
The hunt for alternative sources of energy generation that are inexpensive, ecofriendly, renewable and can replace fossil fuels is on, owing to the increasing demands of energy. One approach in this direction is the conversion of plant residues into biofuels wherein lignocellulose, which forms the structural framework of plants consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is first broken down and hydrolyzed into simple fermentable sugars, which upon fermentation form biofuels such as ethanol. A major bottleneck is to disarray lignin which is present as a protective covering and makes cellulose and hemicellulose recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. A number of biomass deconstruction or pretreatment processes (physical, chemical and biological) have been used to break the structural framework of plants and depolymerize lignin. This review surveys and discusses some major pretreatment processes pertaining to the pretreatment of plant biomass, which are used for the production of biofuels and other value added products. The emphasis is given on processes that provide maximum amount of sugars, which are subsequently used for the production of biofuels.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adsul MG, Singhvi MS, Gaikaiwari SA, Gokhale DV (2011) Development of biocatalysts for production of commodity chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 102(6):4304–4312
Agbor VB, Cicek N, Sparling R, Berlin A, Levin DB (2011) Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application. Biotechnol Adv 29(6):675–685
Akin DE, Rigsby LL, Sethuraman A, Morrison WH, Gamble GR, Eriksson KEL (1995) Alterations in structure, chemistry, and biodegradability of grass lignocellulose treated with the white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis sub Vermispora and Cyathus stercoreus. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1591–1598
Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro MJ (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresour Technol 101(13):4851–4861
Alvira P, Moreno AD, Ibarra D, Sáez F, Ballesteros M (2012) Improving the fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by laccase during ethanol production from steam-exploded wheat straw at high-substrate loadings. Biotechnol Prog 29(1):74–82
Balan V, Bals B, Chundawat SP, Marshall D, Dale BE (2009) Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment using AFEX. Methods Mol Biol 581:61–77
Baldrian P, Valaskova V (2008) Degradation of cellulose by basidiomycetous fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32(3):501–521
Banerjee S, Sen R, Pandey RA, Chakrabarti T, Satpute D, Giri BS, Mudliar S (2009) Evaluation of wet air oxidation as a pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production from rice husk and process optimization. Biomass Bioener 33:1680–1686
Banerjee S, Sen R, Mudliar S, Pandey RA, Chakrabarti T, Satpute D (2011) Alkaline peroxide assisted wet air oxidation pretreatment approach to enhance enzymatic convertibility of rice husk. Biotechnol Prog 27(3):691–697
Banik S, Bandyopadhyay S, Ganguly S (2003) Bioeffects of microwave—a brief review. Bioresour Technol 87:155–159
Barros Rda R, Paredes Rde S, Endo T, Bon EP, Lee SH (2013) Association of wet disk milling and ozonolysis as pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse and straw. Bioresour Technol 136:288–294
Bjerre AB, Olesen AB, Fernqvist T, Plöger A, Schmidt AS (1996) Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wet oxidation and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and hemicellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 49(5):568–577
Bondesson PM, Galbe M, Zacchi G (2013) Ethanol and biogas production after steam pretreatment of corn stover with or without the addition of sulphuric acid. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):11. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-11
Boonmanumsin P, Treeboobpha S, Jeamjumnunja K, Luengnaruemitchai A, Chaisuwan T, Wongkasemjit S (2012) Release of monomeric sugars from Miscanthus sinensis by microwave-assisted ammonia and phosphoric acid treatments. Bioresour Technol 103(1):425–431
Bradshaw TC, Alizadeh H, Teymouri F, Balan V, Dale BE (2007) Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on two different growth stages of reed canary grass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 140:395–405
Cao W, Sun C, Liu R, Yin R, Wu X (2012) Comparison of the effects of five pretreatment methods on enhancing the enzymatic digestibility and ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse. Bioresour Technol 111:215–221
Cara C, Ruiz E, Ballesteros I, Negro MJ, Castro E (2006) Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of olive tree wood by steam explosion and alkaline peroxide delignification. Proc Biochem 41(2):423–429
Cara C, Ruiz E, Oliva J, Sáez F, Castro E (2008) Conversion of olive tree biomass into fermentable sugars by dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. Bioresour Technol 99:1869–1876
Chang VS, Holtzapple MT (2000) Fundamental factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol Part A Enzyme Eng Biotechnol 84–86:5–37
Chum HL, Douglas LJ, Feinberg DA, Schroeder HA (1985) Evaluation of pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/2183.pdf
Correia JA, Júnior JE, Gonçalves LR, Rocha MV (2013) Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of cashew apple bagasse for ethanol production: study of parameters. Bioresour Technol 139:249–256
Dias AA, Freitas GS, Marque GSM, Sampaio A, Fraga IS, Rodrigue MAM, Evtuguin DV, Bezerra RMF (2010) Enzymatic saccharification of biologically pre-treated wheat straw with white-rot fungi. Bioresour Technol 101:6045–6050
Eggert C, Temp U, Eriksson KE (1997) Laccase is essential for lignin degradation by the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. FEBS Lett 407(1):89–92
Falls M, Holtzapple MT (2011) Oxidative lime pretreatment of Alamo switchgrass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165(2):506–522
Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Alvarez P, Lú-Chau TA, Lema JM (2008) Evaluation of the enzyme manganese peroxidase in an industrial sequence for the lignin oxidation and bleaching or eucalyptus kraft pulp. J Appl Polym Sci 109(2):1319–1327
Feng L, Chen Z (2008) Research progress on dissolution and functional modification of cellulose in ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 142:1–5
Fox M, Noike T (2004) Wet oxidation pretreatment for the increase in anaerobic biodegradability of newspaper waste. Bioresour Technol 91(3):273–281
García-Cubero MA, González-Benito G, Indacoechea I, Coca M, Bolado S (2009) Effect of ozonolysis pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility of wheat and rye straw. Bioresour Technol 100(4):1608–1613
Geddes CC, Nieves IU, Ingram LO (2011) Advances in ethanol production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22(3):312–319
Geng A, Xin F, Ip J (2012) Ethanol production from horticultural waste treated by a modified organosolv method. Bioresour Technol 104:715–721
Ghose TK, Pannir Selvam PV, Ghosh P (1983) Catalytic solvent delignification of agricultural residues: organic catalysts. Biotechnol Bioeng 25(11):2577–2590
González G, López-Santín J, Caminal G, Solà C (1986) Dilute acid hydrolysis of wheat straw hemicellulose at moderate temperature: a simplified kinetic model. Biotechnol Bioeng 28(2):288–293
Guo B, Zhang Y, Yu G, Lee WH, Jin YS, Morgenroth E (2013) Two-stage acidic-alkaline hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulose for the high recovery of cellulose and hemicellulose sugars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169(4):1069–1087
Hammel KE, Kapich AN, Jensen KA Jr, Ryan ZC (2002) Reactive oxygen species as agents of wood decay by fungi. Enz Microb Technol 30(4):445–453
Hasunuma T, Okazaki F, Okai N, Hara KY, Ishii J, Kondo A (2013) A review of enzymes and microbes for lignocellulosic biorefinery and the possibility of their application to consolidated bioprocessing technology. Bioresour Technol. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.047
Hideno A, Kawashima A, Endo T, Honda K, Morita M (2013) Ethanol-based organosolv treatment with trace hydrochloric acid improves the enzymatic digestibility of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) by exposing nanofibers on the surface. Bioresour Technol 18:64–70
Hofrichter M (2002) Review: lignin conversion by manganese peroxidase (MnP). Enz Microb Technol 30(4):454–466
Holtzapple MT, Lundeen JE, Sturgis R, Lewis JE, Dale BE (1992) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic municipal solid-waste by ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 34(5):5-21
Hsu TA, Ladisch MR, Tsao GT (1980) Alcohol from cellulose. Chem Technol 10(5):315–319
Ichwan M, Son TW (2011) Study on organosolv pulping methods of oil palm biomass. In: International Seminar on Chemistry, pp 364–370
Itziar E, Cristina S, Iñaki M, Jalel L (2012) Effect of alkaline and autohydrolysis processes on the purity of obtained hemicelluloses from corn stalks. Bioresour Technol 103:239–248
Jackowiak D, Bassard D, Pauss A, Ribeiro T (2011) Optimisation of a microwave pretreatment of wheat straw for methane production. Bioresour Technol 102(12):6750–6756
Jorgensen H, Kristensen JB, Felby C (2007) Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars: challenges and opportunities. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 1:119–134
Karthika K, Arun AB, Melo JS, Mittal KC, Kumar M, Rekha PD (2012) Hydrolysis of acid and alkali presoaked lignocellulosic biomass exposed to electron beam irradiation. Bioresour Technol 129:646–649
Kim S, Holtzapple MT (2005) Lime pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 96:1994–2006
Kim TH, Lee YY (2005) Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in aqueous ammonia. Appl Biochem Biotechnol Part A 124(1–3):1119–1131
Kim TH, Lee YY (2006) Fractionation of corn stover by hot-water and aqueous ammonia treatment. Bioresour Technol 97:224–232
Kim JW, Kim KS, Lee JS, Park SM, Cho HY, Park JC, Kim JS (2011) Two-stage pretreatment of rice straw using aqueous ammonia and dilute acid. Bioresour Technol 102(19):8992–8999
Kim TH, Kim JS, Sunwoo C, Lee YY (2003) Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. Bioresour Technol 90(1):39–47
Kim KH, Tucker M, Nguyen Q (2005) Conversion of bark-rich biomass mixture into fermentable sugar by two-stage dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 96:1249–1255
Kim TH, Taylor F, Hicks KB (2008) Bioethanol production from barley hull using SAA (soaking in aqueous ammonia) pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 99(13):5694–5702
Lau MJ, Lau MW, Gunawan C, Dale BE (2010) Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation on Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Fiber (EPFBF) for cellulosic ethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162:1847–1857
Lee J, Jeffries TW (2011) Efficiencies of acid catalysts in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over a range of combined severity factors. Bioresour Technol 102:5884–5890
Lee J, Houtman CJ, Kim H, Choi I, Jeffries TW (2011) Scale-up study of oxalic acid pretreatment of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol. Bioresour Technol 102:7451–7456
Lissens G, Klinke H, Verstraete W, Ahring B, Thomsen AB (2004a) Wet oxidation treatment of organic household waste enriched with wheat straw for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation into ethanol. Environ Technol 25(6):647–655
Lissens G, Thomsen AB, De Baere L, Verstraete W, Ahring BK (2004b) Thermal wet oxidation improves anaerobic biodegradability of raw and digested biowaste. Environ Sci Technol 38(12):3418–3424
Liu ZLL, Song MZ (2009) Genomic adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to inhibitors for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to ethanol. Appl Mycol 136
Liu J, Takada R, Karita S, Watanabe T, Honda Y, Watanabe T (2010) Microwave-assisted pretreatment of recalcitrant softwood in aqueous glycerol. Bioresour Technol 23:9355–9360
López-Abelairas M, Alvarez Pallín M, Salvachúa D, Lú-Chau T, Martínez MJ, Lema JM (2012) Optimisation of the biological pretreatment of wheat straw with white-rot fungi for ethanol production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. doi:10.1007/s00449-012-0869-z
Lucas M, Hanson SK, Wagner GL, Kimball DB, Rector KD (2012) Evidence for room temperature delignification of wood using hydrogen peroxide and manganese acetate as a catalyst. Bioresour Technol 119:174–180
Maa H, Liu W, Chen X, Wua Y, Yu Z (2009) Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of rice straw by microwave pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 100:1279–1284
Martinez AT, Ruiz-Duenas FJ, Martinez MJ, Del Rio JC, Gutierrez A (2009) Enzymatic delignification of plant cell wall: from nature to mill. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20(3):348–357
Martins S, Teixeira JA, Mussatto SI (2013) Solid-state fermentation as a strategy to improve the bioactive compounds recovery from Larrea tridentata leaves. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. doi:10.1007/s12010-013-0222-2
Mckendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1) overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol 83:37–46
Mesa L, González E, Cara C, González M, Castro E, Mussatto SI (2011) The effect of organosolv pretreatment variables on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Chem Eng J 168:1157–1162
Mittal A, Katahira R, Himmel ME, Johnson DK (2011) Effects of alkaline or liquid-ammonia treatment on crystalline cellulose: changes in crystalline structure and effects on enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnol Biofuels 4:41
Miura T, Lee SH, Inoue S, Endo T (2012) Combined pretreatment using ozonolysis and wet-disk milling to improve enzymatic saccharification of Japanese cedar. Bioresour Technol 126:182–186
Mosier N, Wyman C, Dale B, Elander R, Lee YY, Holtzapple M, Ladisch M (2005) Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 96(6):673–686
Nakamura Y, Daidai M, Kobayashi F (2004) Ozonolysis mechanism of lignin model compounds and microbial treatment of organic acids produced. Water Sci Technol 50(3):167–172
Nomanbhay SM, Hussain R, Palanisamy K (2013) Microwave assisted enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for enhanced fermentable sugar yield. J Sustain Bioenergy Syst 3:7–17
Noureddini H, Byun J (2010) Dilute-acid pretreatment of distillers’ grains and corn fiber. Bioresour Technol 101:1060–1067
Ooshima H, Aso K, Harano Y, Yamamoto T (1984) Microwave treatment of cellulosic materials for their enzymatic-hydrolysis. Biotechnol Lett 6:289–294
Palonen H, Thomsen AB, Tenkanen M, Schmidt AS, Viikari L (2004) Evaluation of wet oxidation pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 117(1):1–17
Pan X, Saddler JN (2013) Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):12
Panagiotopoulos IA, Chandra RP, Saddler JN (2012) A two-stage pretreatment approach to maximise sugar yield and enhance reactive lignin recovery from poplar wood chips. Bioresour Technol 130:570–577
Pinto PA, Dias AA, Fraga I, Marques G, Rodrigues MAM, Colaco J, Sampaio A, Bezerra RMF (2012) Influence of ligninolytic enzymes on straw saccharification during fungal pretreatment. Bioresour Technol 111:261–267
Potumarthi R, Baadhe RR, Nayak P, Jetty A (2013) Simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification of rice husk by Phanerochete chrysosporium for improved production of reducing sugars. Bioresour Technol 128:113–117
Rasmussen ML, Shrestha P, Khanal SK, Pometto Iii AL, van Leeuwen J (2010) Sequential saccharification of corn fiber and ethanol production by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Bioresour Technol 101(10):3526–3533
Saha BC, Cotta MA (2008) Lime pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol. Biomass Bioenergy 32:971–977
Sánchez OJ, Cardona CA (2008) Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 99(13):5270–5295
Saritha M, Arora A, Lata (2012) Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates for enhanced delignification and enzymatic digestibility. Indian J Microbiol 52(2):122–130
Sarkar N, Ghosh SK, Bannerjee S, Aikat K (2012) Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: an overview. Renew Energy 37(1):19–27
Schuerch C (1963) Plasticizing wood with liquid ammonia. J Ind Eng Chem 55:39
Shallom D, Shoham Y (2003) Microbial hemicellulases. Curr Opin Microbiol 6(3):219–228
Shao Q, Chundawat SP, Krishnan C, Bals B, Sousa Lda C, Thelen KD, Dale BE, Balan V (2010) Enzymatic digestibility and ethanol fermentability of AFEX-treated starch-rich lignocellulosics such as corn silage and whole corn plant. Biotechnol Biofuels 9:3–12
Sharma R, Palled V, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Osborne J (2012) Potential of potassium hydroxide pretreatment of Switch grass for fermentable sugar production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169(3):761–772
Sindhu R, Kuttiraja M, Binod P, Janu KU, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A (2011) Dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane tops for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 102:10915–10921
Su MY, Tzeng WS, Shyu YT (2010) An analysis of feasibility of bioethanol production from Taiwan sorghum liquor waste. Bioresour Technol 101(17):6669–6675
Sun F, Chen H (2008) Organosolv pretreatment by crude glycerol from oleochemicals industry for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. Bioresour Technol 99:5474–5479
Sun Y, Cheng J (2002) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresour Technol 83:1–11
Szijártó N, Kádár Z, Varga E, Thomsen AB, Costa-Ferreira M, Réczey K (2009) Pretreatment of reed by wet oxidation and subsequent utilization of the pretreated fibers for ethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 155(1–3):386–396
Tang J, Chen K, Huang F, Xu J, Li J (2013) Characterization of the pretreatment liquor of biomass from the perennial grass, Eulaliopsis binata, for the production of dissolving pulp. Bioresour Technol 129:548–552
Teymouri F, Laureano-Perez L, Alizadeh H, Dale BE (2005) Optimization of the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 96(18):2014–2018
Varga E, Schmidt AS, Réczey K, Thomsen AB (2003) Pretreatment of corn stover using wet oxidation to enhance enzymatic digestibility. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 104(1):37–50
Verma P, Watanabe T, Honda Y, Watanabe T (2011) Microwave-assisted pretreatment of woody biomass with ammonium molybdate activated by H2O2. Bioresour Technol 102:3941–3945
Wan C, Li Y (2011) Effectiveness of microbial pretreatment by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on different biomass feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 102:7507–7512
Wan C, Li Y (2012) Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Adv 30(6):1447–1457
Xu J, Chen H, Kádár Z, Thomsen AB, Schmidt JE, Peng H (2011) Optimization of microwave pretreatment on wheat straw for ethanol production. Biomass Bioenergy 35:385–386
Yu J, Zhang J, He J, Liu Z, Yu Z (2009) Combinations of mild physical or chemical pretreatment with biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hull. Bioresour Technol 100:903–908
Yu H, Zhang X, Song L, Ke J, Xu C, Du W, Zhang J (2010) Evaluation of white-rot fungi-assisted alkaline/oxidative pretreatment of corn straw undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase. J Biosci Bioeng 110(6):660–664
Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhu JY, Ragauskas A, Deng Y (2008) Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce by alkaline pretreatment at low temperature. Biotechnol Bioeng 99(6):1320–1328
Zhao X, Cheng K, Liu D (2009) Organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82(5):815–827
