NLRP3 inflammasomes link inflammation and metabolic disease

Martinon, 2002, The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta, Mol. Cell, 10, 417, 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00599-3 Dinarello, 2009, Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 27, 519, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132612 Martinon, 2006, Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome, Nature, 440, 237, 10.1038/nature04516 Halle, 2008, The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta, Nat. Immunol., 9, 857, 10.1038/ni.1636 Ting, 2008, The NLR gene family: a standard nomenclature, Immunity, 28, 285, 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.005 Stutz, 2009, Inflammasomes: too big to miss, J. Clin. Invest., 119, 3502, 10.1172/JCI40599 Wilson, 1994, Structure and mechanism of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, Nature, 370, 270, 10.1038/370270a0 Bergsbaken, 2009, Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7, 99, 10.1038/nrmicro2070 Bauernfeind, 2009, Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression, J. Immunol., 183, 787, 10.4049/jimmunol.0901363 Franchi, 2009, Cutting edge: TNF-alpha mediates sensitization to ATP and silica via the NLRP3 inflammasome in the absence of microbial stimulation, J. Immunol., 183, 792, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900173 Dostert, 2008, Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica, Science, 320, 674, 10.1126/science.1156995 Zhou, 2011, A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Nature, 469, 221, 10.1038/nature09663 Nakahira, 2011, Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome, Nat. Immunol., 12, 222, 10.1038/ni.1980 Hornung, 2008, Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization, Nat. Immunol., 9, 847, 10.1038/ni.1631 Petrilli, 2007, Activation of the NALP3 inflammasome is triggered by low intracellular potassium concentration, Cell Death Differ., 14, 1583, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402195 Lusis, 2000, Atherosclerosis, Nature, 407, 233, 10.1038/35025203 Wright, 2000, Infectious agents are not necessary for murine atherogenesis, J. Exp. Med., 191, 1437, 10.1084/jem.191.8.1437 Goldstein, 1975, Lipoprotein receptors, cholesterol metabolism, and atherosclerosis, Arch. Pathol., 99, 181 Duewell, 2010, NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals, Nature, 464, 1357, 10.1038/nature08938 Rajamaki, 2010, Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages: a novel link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, PLoS ONE, 5, e11765, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011765 Menu, 2011, Atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice progresses independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Cell Death Dis., 2, e137, 10.1038/cddis.2011.18 Kleemann, 2008, Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice, Cardiovasc. Res., 79, 360, 10.1093/cvr/cvn120 Masters, 2010, Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes, Nat. Immunol., 11, 897, 10.1038/ni.1935 Stewart, 2010, CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer, Nat. Immunol., 11, 155, 10.1038/ni.1836 Miller, 2003, Minimally modified LDL binds to CD14, induces macrophage spreading via TLR4/MD-2, and inhibits phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1561, 10.1074/jbc.M209634200 Suzuki, 1997, A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection, Nature, 386, 292, 10.1038/386292a0 Febbraio, 2000, Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice, J. Clin. Invest., 105, 1049, 10.1172/JCI9259 Bjorkbacka, 2004, Reduced atherosclerosis in MyD88-null mice links elevated serum cholesterol levels to activation of innate immunity signaling pathways, Nat. Med., 10, 416, 10.1038/nm1008 Michelsen, 2004, Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 10679, 10.1073/pnas.0403249101 Kim, 2011, The critical role of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4-mediated NF-{kappa}B activation in modified low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory gene expression and atherosclerosis, J. Immunol., 186, 2871, 10.4049/jimmunol.1002242 Klinkner, 1995, Evidence of foam cell and cholesterol crystal formation in macrophages incubated with oxidized LDL by fluorescence and electron microscopy, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 43, 1071, 10.1177/43.10.7560885 Imaeda, 2009, Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice is dependent on Tlr9 and the Nalp3 inflammasome, J. Clin. Invest., 119, 305 Napoli, 2001, Multiple role of reactive oxygen species in the arterial wall, J. Cell. Biochem., 82, 674, 10.1002/jcb.1198 Yuan, 1997, The toxicity to macrophages of oxidized low-density lipoprotein is mediated through lysosomal damage, Atherosclerosis, 133, 153, 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00094-4 Kahn, 2006, Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, Nature, 444, 840, 10.1038/nature05482 de Koning, 1998, Macrophages and pancreatic islet amyloidosis, Amyloid, 5, 247, 10.3109/13506129809007297 Zhou, 2010, Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation, Nat. Immunol., 11, 136, 10.1038/ni.1831 Koenen, 2011, Hyperglycemia activates caspase-1 and TXNIP-mediated IL-1beta transcription in human adipose tissue, Diabetes, 60, 517, 10.2337/db10-0266 Njajou, 2009, Association between oxidized LDL, obesity and type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort, the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 25, 733, 10.1002/dmrr.1011 Ouchi, 2011, Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 11, 85, 10.1038/nri2921 Odegaard, 2008, Mechanisms of macrophage activation in obesity-induced insulin resistance, Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab., 4, 619, 10.1038/ncpendmet0976 Vandanmagsar, 2011, The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, Nat. Med., 17, 179, 10.1038/nm.2279 Stienstra, 2010, The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity, Cell Metab., 12, 593, 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.011 Boden, 2008, Ceramide: a contributor to insulin resistance or an innocent bystander?, Diabetologia, 51, 1095, 10.1007/s00125-008-1015-y Shah, 2008, Protection from high fat diet-induced increase in ceramide in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 13538, 10.1074/jbc.M709950200 Wen, 2011, Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling, Nat. Immunol., 12, 408, 10.1038/ni.2022 Hotamisligil, 1996, IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance, Science, 271, 665, 10.1126/science.271.5249.665 Uysal, 1997, Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-alpha function, Nature, 389, 610, 10.1038/39335 Flegal, 2010, Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008, JAMA, 303, 235, 10.1001/jama.2009.2014 Shoelson, 2006, Inflammation and insulin resistance, J. Clin. Invest., 116, 1793, 10.1172/JCI29069 Hotamisligil, 2006, Inflammation and metabolic disorders, Nature, 444, 860, 10.1038/nature05485 Shi, 2006, TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance, J. Clin. Invest., 116, 3015, 10.1172/JCI28898 Vitseva, 2008, Inducible Toll-like receptor and NF-kappaB regulatory pathway expression in human adipose tissue, Obesity (Silver Spring), 16, 932, 10.1038/oby.2008.25 Davis, 2008, Tlr-4 deficiency selectively protects against obesity induced by diets high in saturated fat, Obesity (Silver Spring), 16, 1248, 10.1038/oby.2008.210 Suganami, 2007, Attenuation of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation in C3H/HeJ mice carrying a Toll-like receptor 4 mutation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 354, 45, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.190 Suganami, 2007, Role of the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-kappaB pathway in saturated fatty acid-induced inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 27, 84, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000251608.09329.9a Song, 2006, Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 is associated with insulin resistance in adipocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 346, 739, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.170 McGonagle, 2008, Successful treatment of resistant pseudogout with anakinra, Arthritis Rheum., 58, 631, 10.1002/art.23119 So, 2007, A pilot study of IL-1 inhibition by anakinra in acute gout, Arthritis Res. Ther., 9, R28, 10.1186/ar2143 Larsen, 2007, Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus, N. Engl. J. Med., 356, 1517, 10.1056/NEJMoa065213 Osborn, 2008, Treatment with an interleukin 1 beta antibody improves glycemic control in diet-induced obesity, Cytokine, 44, 141, 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.004 Terkeltaub, 2009, The interleukin 1 inhibitor rilonacept in treatment of chronic gouty arthritis: results of a placebo-controlled, monosequence crossover, non-randomised, single-blind pilot study, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 68, 1613, 10.1136/ard.2009.108936 Bhaskar, 2011, Monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-1 beta reduce biomarkers of atherosclerosis in vitro and inhibit atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Atherosclerosis, 216, 313, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.026 Kawai, 2010, The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors, Nat. Immunol., 11, 373, 10.1038/ni.1863 Martin, 2005, Inflammatory cells during wound repair: the good, the bad and the ugly, Trends Cell Biol., 15, 599, 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.09.002 Plata-Salaman, 1996, Anorexia induced by chronic central administration of cytokines at estimated pathophysiological concentrations, Physiol. Behav., 60, 867, 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00148-5 Sonti, 1996, Anorexia induced by cytokine interactions at pathophysiological concentrations, Am. J. Physiol., 270, R1394 Ling, 1996, Metabolic changes in rats during a continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-1, Am. J. Physiol., 270, E305 Kent, 1996, Mechanisms of sickness-induced decreases in food-motivated behavior, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 20, 171, 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00037-F