Antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of date seed protein hydrolysates prepared using Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Thermolysin

Akasha, 2012, Extraction and characterisation of protein fraction from date palm fruit seeds, Engineering and Technology, 70, 292 Al-Shahib, 2003, The fruit of the date palm: Its possible use as the best food for the future?, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54, 247, 10.1080/09637480120091982 Alder-Nissen, 1979, Determination of degree of hydrolysis of food protein hydrolysates by tribenzene-sulphonic acid, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 27, 1256, 10.1021/jf60226a042 Amira, 2011, Chemical and aroma volatile compositions of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at three maturation stages, Food Chemistry, 127, 1744, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.051 AOAC, 1990 Benzie, 1999, [2] Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration, Vol. 299, 15 Besbes, 2004, Date seeds: Chemical composition and characteristic profiles of the lipid fraction, Food Chemistry, 84, 577, 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00281-4 Boldyrev, 1987, The antioxidative properties of carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, Biochemistry International, 15, 1105 Cacciuttolo, 1993, Hyperoxia induces DNA damage in mammalian cells, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 14, 267, 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90023-N Chandrasekara, 2010, Content of insoluble bound phenolics in millets and their contribution to antioxidant capacity, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 6706, 10.1021/jf100868b Chandrasekara, 2011, Inhibitory activities of soluble and bound millet seed phenolics on free radicals and reactive oxygen species, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 428, 10.1021/jf103896z Cheung, 2009, Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of hydrolysates from oat (Avena sativa) proteins by in silico and in vitro analyses, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 9234, 10.1021/jf9018245 Crush, 1970, Carnosine and related substances in animal tissues, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 34, 3, 10.1016/0010-406X(70)90049-6 Cumby, 2008, Antioxidant activity and water-holding capacity of canola protein hydrolysates, Food Chemistry, 109, 144, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.039 Cushman, 1971, Spectrophotometric assay and properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme of rabbit lung, Biochemical Pharmacology, 20, 1637, 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90292-9 Dávalos, 2004, Antioxidant activity of peptides derived from egg white proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis, Journal of Food Protection, 67, 1939, 10.4315/0362-028X-67.9.1939 Decker, 2001, Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by carnosine and histidine, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 511, 10.1021/jf0010533 Erickson, 1992, Influence of histidine on lipid peroxidation in sarcoplasmic reticulum, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 292, 427, 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90012-L Flather, 2000, Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: A systematic overview of data from individual patients, The Lancet, 355, 1575, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02212-1 Fritz, 2011, Amaranth seed protein hydrolysates have in vivo and in vitro antihypertensive activity, Food Chemistry, 126, 878, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.065 Ghassem, 2011, Purification and identification of ACE inhibitory peptides from Haruan (Channa striatus) myofibrillar protein hydrolysate using HPLC-ESI-TOF MS/MS, Food Chemistry, 129, 1770, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.051 Girgih, 2013, Reverse-phase HPLC separation of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein hydrolysate produced peptide fractions with enhanced antioxidant capacity, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 68, 39, 10.1007/s11130-013-0340-6 Gómez-Ruiz, 2008, Antioxidant activity of ovine casein hydrolysates: Identification of active peptides by HPLC-MS/MS, European Food Research and Technology, 227, 1061, 10.1007/s00217-008-0820-3 Goodfriend, 1996, Drug therapy – angiotensin receptors and their antagonists, The New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 1649, 10.1056/NEJM199606203342507 Intarasirisawat, 2012, Antioxidative and functional properties of protein hydrolysate from defatted skipjack (Katsuwonous pelamis) roe, Food Chemistry, 135, 3039, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.076 Intarasirisawat, 2013, Isolation of antioxidative and ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack (Katsuwana pelamis) roe, Journal of Functional Foods, 5, 1854, 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.006 Jahouh, 2010, Glycation sites in neoglycoglycoconjugates from the terminal monosaccharide antigen of the O-PS of Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, and BSA revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 45, 1148, 10.1002/jms.1796 Je, 2005, Antioxidant activity of a peptide isolated from Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) frame protein hydrolysate, Food Research International, 38, 45, 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.07.005 John, 2010, Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), Journal of Functional Foods, 2, 196, 10.1016/j.jff.2010.04.008 Jung, 2006, Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) frame protein and its antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Food Chemistry, 94, 26, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.048 Kim, 2001, Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides purified from bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 2992, 10.1021/jf001119u Kittiphattanabawon, 2013, Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme, human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from blacktip shark gelatin, Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 51, 177, 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.10.011 Klompong, 2007, Antioxidative activity and functional properties of protein hydrolysate of yellow stripe trevally (Selaroides leptolepis) as influenced by the degree of hydrolysis and enzyme type, Food Chemistry, 102, 1317, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.016 Kohen, 1988, Antioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 3175, 10.1073/pnas.85.9.3175 Kon, 1993, Bradykinin causes selective efferent arteriolar dilation during angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition, Kidney International, 44, 545, 10.1038/ki.1993.279 Lahl, 1994, Enzymatic production of protein hydrolysates for food use, Food Technology, 48, 68 Lee, 2009, Purification and characterization of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from the rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis, Bioresource Technology, 100, 5255, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.057 Li, 2002, Latent production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from buckwheat protein, Journal of Peptide Science, 8, 267, 10.1002/psc.387 Li, 2012, Purification of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an antihypertensive effect from loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 1320, 10.1021/jf204118n Liu, 2010, Antioxidant activity and functional properties of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate as influenced by the degree of hydrolysis, Food Chemistry, 118, 403, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.013 Maruyama, 1982, A peptide inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme in the tryptic hydrolysate of casein, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 46, 1393 Megías, 2004, Purification of an ACE inhibitory peptide after hydrolysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) protein isolates, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 1928, 10.1021/jf034707r Mullally, 1994, Proteolytic and peptidolytic activities in commercial pancreatin protease preparations and their relationship to some whey protein hydrolysate characteristics, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42, 2973, 10.1021/jf00048a062 Nalinanon, 2011, Functionalities and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates from the muscle of ornate threadfin bream treated with pepsin from skipjack tuna, Food Chemistry, 124, 1354, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.089 Nehdi, 2010, Characteristics and chemical composition of date palm (Phoenix canariensis) seeds and seed oil, Industrial Crops and Products, 32, 360, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.05.016 Pahor, 2000, Therapeutic benefits of ACE inhibitors and other antihypertensive drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 23, 888, 10.2337/diacare.23.7.888 Panyam, 1996, Enhancing the functionality of food proteins by enzymatic modification, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 7, 120, 10.1016/0924-2244(96)10012-1 Pihlanto-Leppälä, 2000, Bioactive peptides derived from bovine whey proteins: Opioid and ace-inhibitory peptides, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 11, 347, 10.1016/S0924-2244(01)00003-6 Raghavan, 2008, Radical scavenging and reducing ability of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolysates, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 10359, 10.1021/jf8017194 Samaranayaka, 2010, Antioxidative and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory potential of a Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fish protein hydrolysate subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell permeation, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 1535, 10.1021/jf9033199 Shahidi, 1996, Antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from aquatic species, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 73, 1197, 10.1007/BF02523384 Shahidi, 1995, Production and characteristics of protein hydrolysates from capelin (Mallotus villosus), Food Chemistry, 53, 285, 10.1016/0308-8146(95)93934-J Shahidi, 1994, Proteolytic hydrolysis of muscle proteins of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42, 2634, 10.1021/jf00047a048 Suetsuna, 2000, Isolation and characterization of free radical scavenging activities peptides derived from casein, The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11, 128, 10.1016/S0955-2863(99)00083-2 Tang, 2009, Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein hydrolysates, Food Chemistry, 115, 672, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.068 Théolier, 2013, Isolation and identification of antimicrobial peptides derived by peptic cleavage of whey protein isolate, Journal of Functional Foods, 5, 706, 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.014 Villanueva, 1999, Production of an extensive sunflower protein hydrolysate by sequential hydrolysis with endo- and exo-proteases, Grasas y Aceites, 50, 472, 10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i6.697 Vioque, 1999, Production and characterization of an extensive rapeseed protein hydrolysate, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 76, 819, 10.1007/s11746-999-0071-x Wijesekara, 2010, Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from marine resources: Prospects in the pharmaceutical industry, Marine Drugs, 8, 1080, 10.3390/md8041080 Wu, 2003, Free amino acids and peptides as related to antioxidant properties in protein hydrolysates of mackerel (Scomber austriasicus), Food Research International, 36, 949, 10.1016/S0963-9969(03)00104-2 Zhou, 2012, Production and functional characterisation of antioxidative hydrolysates from corn protein via enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration, Food Chemistry, 135, 1192, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.063