Contact angle hysteresis: a review of fundamentals and applications

Joanny JF, De Gennes PG (1984) A model for contact-angle hysteresis. J Chem Phys 81(1):552–562 Dussan EB, Chow RTP (1983) On the ability of drops or bubbles to stick to non-horizontal surfaces of solids. J Fluid Mech 137(Dec):1–29 De Gennes PG (1985) Wetting—statics and dynamics. Rev Mod Phys 57(3):827–863 De Gennes PG, Brochard-Wyart F, Quéré D (2004) Capillarity and wetting phenomena. Springer, New York Extrand CW (1998) A thermodynamic model for contact angle hysteresis. J Colloid Interface Sci 207(1):11–19 Bonn D, Eggers J, Indekeu J, Meunier J, Rolley E (2009) Wetting and spreading. Rev Mod Phys 81(2):739–805. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.739 Hyvaluoma J, Koponen A, Raiskinmaki P, Timonen J (2007) Droplets on inclined rough surfaces. Eur Phys J E 23(3):289–293. doi:10.1140/epje/i2007-10190-7 Dettre RH, Johnson RE (1965) Contact angle hysteresis. 4. Contact angle measurements on heterogeneous surfaces. J Phys Chem-Us 69(5):1507–1510 Johnson RE, Dettre RH (1964) Contact angle hysteresis. 3. Study of an idealized heterogeneous surface. J Phys Chem-Us 68(7):1744 Bartell FE, Shepard JW (1953) Surface roughness as related to hysteresis of contact angles. 1. The system paraffin-water-air. J Phys Chem-Us 57(2):211–215 Bartell FE, Shepard JW (1953) Surface roughness as related to hysteresis of contact angles. 2. The systems paraffin-3 molar calcium chloride solution-air and paraffin-glycerol-air. J Phys Chem-Us 57(4):455–458 Furmidge CG (1962) Studies at phase interfaces. 1. Sliding of liquid drops on solid surfaces and a theory for spray retention. J Coll Sci Imp U Tok 17(4):309. doi:10.1016/0095-8522(62)90011-9 Bikerman JJ (1950) Sliding of drops from surfaces of different roughnesses. J Coll Sci Imp U Tok 5(4):349–359 Dussan EB (1987) On the ability of drops to stick to surfaces of solid. 3. The influences of the motion of the surrounding fluid on dislodging drops. J Fluid Mech 174:381–397 Dussan EB (1985) On the ability of drops or bubbles to stick to non-horizontal surfaces of solids. 2. Small drops or bubbles having contact angles of arbitrary size. J Fluid Mech 151(Feb):1–20 Huh C, Scriven LE (1971) Hydrodynamic model of steady movement of a solid/liquid/fluid contact line. J Colloid Interface Sci 35(1):85–101. doi:10.1016/0021-9797(71)90188-3 Blake TD, Haynes JM (1969) Kinetics of liquid/liquid displacement. J Colloid Interface Sci 30(3):421 Voinov OV (1976) Hydrodynamics of wetting. Fluid Dyn 11(5):714–721. doi:10.1007/BF01012963 Cox RG (1986) The dynamics of the spreading of liquids on a solid surface. 1. Viscous flow. J Fluid Mech 168:169–194 Panchagnula MV, Vedantam S (2007) Comment on how Wenzel and Cassie were wrong by Gao and McCarthy. Langmuir 23(26):13242–13242. doi:10.1021/La7022117 Vedantam S, Panchagnula MV (2007) Phase field modeling of hysteresis in sessile drops. Phys Rev Lett 99(17):176102. doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.99.176102 Marmur A, Bittoun E (2009) When Wenzel and Cassie are right: reconciling local and global considerations. Langmuir 25(3):1277–1281. doi:10.1021/La802667b Tadmor R, Chaurasia K, Yadav PS, Leh A, Bahadur P, Dang L, Hoffer WR (2008) Drop retention force as a function of resting time. Langmuir 24(17):9370–9374. doi:10.1021/La7040696 Duursma GR, Sefiane K, David S (2010) Advancing and receding contact lines on patterned structured surfaces. Chem Eng Res Des 88(5-6A):737–743. doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2009.10.004 Debuisson D, Senez V, Arscott S (2011) Tunable contact angle hysteresis by micropatterning surfaces. Appl Phys Lett 98(18):184101–184103 Di Mundo R, Palumbo F (2011) Comments regarding ‘an essay on contact angle measurements’. Plasma Process Polym 8(1):14–18. doi:10.1002/ppap.201000090 Müller M, Oehr C (2011) Comments on “an essay on contact angle measurements” by Strobel and Lyons. Plasma Process Polym 8(1):19–24. doi:10.1002/ppap.201000115 Strobel M, Lyons CS (2011) An essay on contact angle measurements. Plasma Process Polym 8(1):8–13. doi:10.1002/ppap.201000041 Bourges-Monnier C, Shanahan MER (1995) Influence of evaporation on contact angle. Langmuir 11(7):2820–2829. doi:10.1021/la00007a076 Ruiz-Cabello FJM, Rodriguez-Valverde MA, Marmur A, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA (2011) Comparison of sessile drop and captive bubble methods on rough homogeneous surfaces: a numerical study. Langmuir 27(15):9638–9643. doi:10.1021/la201248z Tadmor R, Bahadur P, Leh A, N’guessan HE, Jaini R, Dang L (2009) Measurement of lateral adhesion forces at the interface between a liquid drop and a substrate. Phys Rev Lett 103(26):266101. doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.103.266101 Erbil HY, McHale G, Rowan SM, Newton MI (1999) Determination of the receding contact angle of sessile drops on polymer surfaces by evaporation. Langmuir 15(21):7378–7385 Bormashenko E, Bormashenko Y, Whyman G, Pogreb R, Musin A, Jager R, Barkay Z (2008) Contact angle hysteresis on polymer substrates established with various experimental techniques, its interpretation, and quantitative characterization. Langmuir 24(8):4020–4025. doi:10.1021/La703875b Krasovitski B, Marmur A (2005) Drops down the hill: theoretical study of limiting contact angles and the hysteresis range on a tilted plate. Langmuir 21(9):3881–3885. doi:10.1021/La0474565 Pierce E, Carmona FJ, Amirfazli A (2008) Understanding of sliding and contact angle results in tilted plate experiments. Colloid Surf A 323(1–3):73–82. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.09.032 Buehrle J, Herminghaus S, Mugele F (2003) Interface profiles near three-phase contact lines in electric fields. Phys Rev Lett 91(8):086101. doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.91.086101 Srinivasan S, McKinley GH, Cohen RE (2011) Assessing the accuracy of contact angle measurements for sessile drops on liquid-repellent surfaces. Langmuir 27(22):13582–13589. doi:10.1021/la2031208 Rodriguez-Valverde MA, Montes Ruiz-Cabello FJ, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA (2011) A new method for evaluating the most-stable contact angle using mechanical vibration. Soft Matter 7(1):53–56 Montes Ruiz-Cabello FJ, Rodríguez-Valverde MA, Cabrerizo-Vílchez MA (2011) Comparison of the relaxation of sessile drops driven by harmonic and stochastic mechanical excitations. Langmuir 27(14):8748–8752. doi:10.1021/la2010858 Meiron TS, Marmur A, Saguy IS (2004) Contact angle measurement on rough surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 274(2):637–644. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.036 Decker EL, Garoff S (1996) Using vibrational noise to probe energy barriers producing contact angle hysteresis. Langmuir 12(8):2100–2110. doi:10.1021/la951021n Volpe CD, Maniglio D, Morra M, Siboni S (2002) The determination of a ‘stable-equilibrium’ contact angle on heterogeneous and rough surfaces. Colloids Surf, A Physicochem Eng Asp 206(1–3):47–67 Tadmor R (2004) Line energy and the relation between advancing, receding, and young contact angles. Langmuir 20(18):7659–7664. doi:10.1021/la049410h Rodriguez-Valverde MA, Ruiz-Cabello FJM, Gea-Jodar PM, Kamusewitz H, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA (2010) A new model to estimate the Young contact angle from contact angle hysteresis measurements. Colloid Surf A 365(1–3):21–27. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.055 Young T (1805) Philos Trans R Soc Lond 95(2):65 Boruvka L, Neumann AW (1977) Generalization of classical theory of capillarity. J Chem Phys 66(5464) Mugele F, Baret JC (2005) Electrowetting: from basics to applications. J Phys Condens Matter 17(28):R705–R774. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/R01 Schneemilch M, Hayes RA, Petrov JG, Ralston J (1998) Dynamic wetting and dewetting of a low-energy surface by pure liquids. Langmuir 14:7047 Blake TD, Clarke A, Ruschak KJ (1994) Hydrodynamic assist of dynamic wetting. AICHE J 40(2):229–242 Petrov JG, Ralston J, Hayes RA (1999) Dewetting dynamics on heterogeneous surfaces. A molecular-kinetic treatment. Langmuir 15(9):3365–3373 Petrov JG, Ralston J, Schneemilch M, Hayes RA (2003) Dynamics of partial wetting and dewetting in well-defined systems. J Phys Chem B 107(7):1634–1645. doi:10.1021/Jp026723h Yarnold G, Mason B (1949) Proc Phys Soc London B62:121 Petrov PG, Petrov JG (1992) A combined molecular-hydrodynamic approach to wetting kinetics. Langmuir 8(7):1762–1767 de Ruijter MJ, De Coninck J, Oshanin G (1999) Droplet spreading: partial wetting regime revisited. Langmuir 15(6):2209–2216 Brochard F, Degennes PG (1992) Shear-dependent slippage at a polymer solid interface. Langmuir 8(12):3033–3037 Cassie ABD (1952) Contact angles. Discuss Faraday Soc 57(5041) Wenzel RN (1936) Ind Eng Chem 28:988 Wenzel RN (1949) J Phys Chem 53:1466 Gao LC, McCarthy TJ (2007) Reply to “comment on how Wenzel and Cassie were wrong by Gao and McCarthy”. Langmuir 23(26):13243–13243. doi:10.1021/La703004v Gao LC, McCarthy TJ (2007) How Wenzel and Cassie were wrong. Langmuir 23(7):3762–3765. doi:10.1021/La062634a Marmur A (1998) Contact-angle hysteresis on heterogeneous smooth surfaces: theoretical comparison of the captive bubble and drop methods. Colloid Surf A 136(1–2):209–215 Huh C, Mason SG (1977) Effects of surface-roughness on wetting (theoretical). J Colloid Interface Sci 60(1):11–38 Pomeau Y, Vannimenus J (1985) Contact-angle on heterogeneous surfaces—weak heterogeneities. J Colloid Interface Sci 104(2):477–488 Opik U (2000) Contact-angle hysteresis caused by a random distribution of weak heterogeneities on a solid surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 223(2):143–166 Long J, Hyder MN, Huang RYM, Chen P (2005) Thermodynamic modeling of contact angles on rough, heterogeneous surfaces. Adv Colloid and Interf Sci 118(1–3):173–190. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2005.07.004 Yang XF (1995) Equilibrium contact angle and intrinsic wetting hysteresis. Appl Phys Lett 67(15):2249–2251 Extrand CW, Kumagai Y (1995) Liquid drops on an inclined plane—the relation between contact angles, drop shape, and retentive force. J Colloid Interface Sci 170(2):515–521 Whyman G, Bormashenko E, Stein T (2008) The rigorous derivation of Young, Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel equations and the analysis of the contact angle hysteresis phenomenon. Chem Phys Lett 450(4–6):355–359. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.033 Walker SW, Shapiro B, Nochetto RH (2009) Electrowetting with contact line pinning: computational modeling and comparisons with experiments. Phys Fluids 21(10). doi:10210310.1063/1.3254022 Oh JM, Ko SH, Kang KH (2010) Analysis of electrowetting-driven spreading of a drop in air. Phys Fluids 22(3):10.1063/1.3360331 Hocking LM (1981) Sliding and spreading of thin two-dimensional drops. Q J Mech Appl Math 34(Feb):37–55 Moriarty JA, Schwartz LW (1992) Effective slip in numerical calculations of moving-contact-line problems. J Eng Math 26(1):81–86 Renardy M, Renardy Y, Li J (2001) Numerical simulation of moving contact line problems using a volume-of-fluid method. J Comput Phys 171(1):243–263 Koplik J, Banavar JR, Willemsen JF (1988) Molecular dynamics of Poiseuille flow and moving contact lines. Phys Rev Lett 60(13):1282–1285 Koplik J, Banavar JR, Willemsen JF (1989) Molecular dynamics of fluid flow at solid surfaces. Phys Fluids A Fluid Dyn 1(5):781–794 Thompson PA, Robbins MO (1989) Simulations of contact-line motion—slip and the dynamic contact angle. Phys Rev Lett 63(7):766–769 Heine DR, Grest GS, Lorenz CD, Tsige M, Stevens MJ (2004) Atomistic simulations of end-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks: structure and relaxation. Macromolecules 37(10):3857–3864. doi:10.1021/Ma035760j Heine DR, Grest GS, Webb EB (2003) Spreading dynamics of polymer nanodroplets. Phys Rev E 68(6):061603. doi:10.1103/Physreve.68.061603 Martic G, Gentner F, Seveno D, Coulon D, De Coninck J, Blake TD (2002) A molecular dynamics simulation of capillary imbibition. Langmuir 18(21):7971–7976. doi:10.1021/La020068n Martic G, Gentner F, Seveno D, De Coninck J, Blake TD (2004) The possibility of different time scales in the dynamics of pore imbibition. J Colloid Interface Sci 270(1):171–179. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.046 Jansons KM (1986) The motion of a viscous drop sliding down a Hele-Shaw cell. J Fluid Mech 163(-1):59–67. doi:10.1017/S0022112086002203 ElSherbini A, Jacobi A (2006) Retention forces and contact angles for critical liquid drops on non-horizontal surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 299(2):841–849. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.02.018 Kim H-Y, Lee HJ, Kang BH (2002) Sliding of liquid drops down an inclined solid surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 247(2):372–380 Beltrame P, Hanggi P, Thiele U (2009) Depinning of three-dimensional drops from wettability defects. EPL 86(2). doi:10.1209/0295-5075/86/24006 ’t Mannetje DJCM, Murade CU, van den Ende D, Mugele F (2011) Electrically assisted drop sliding on inclined planes. Appl Phys Lett 98(1):014102. doi:10.1063/1.3533362 Winkels KG, Peters IR, Evangelista F, Riepen M, Daerr A, Limat L, Snoeijer JH (2011) Receding contact lines: from sliding drops to immersion lithography. Eur Phys J Spec Top 192(1):195–205. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2011-01374-6 Snoeijer JH, Rio E, Le Grand N, Limat L (2005) Self-similar flow and contact line geometry at the rear of cornered drops. Phys Fluids 17(7):072101. doi:10.1063/1.1946607 Tadmor R (2011) Approaches in wetting phenomena. Soft Matter 7(5):1577–1580. doi:10.1039/c0sm00775g Li F, Mugele F (2008) How to make sticky surfaces slippery: contact angle hysteresis in electrowetting with alternating voltage. Appl Phys Lett 92(24):2441081–2441083. doi:10.1063/1.2945803 Deegan RD, Bakajin O, Dupont TF, Huber G, Nagel SR, Witten TA (2000) Contact line deposits in an evaporating drop. Phys Rev E 62(1):756–765 Deegan RD, Bakajin O, Dupont TF, Huber G, Nagel SR, Witten TA (1997) Capillary flow as the cause of ring stains from dried liquid drops. Nature 389(6653):827–829 Eral HB, van den Ende D, Mugele F, Duits MHG (2009) Influence of confinement by smooth and rough walls on particle dynamics in dense hard-sphere suspensions. Phys Rev E 80(6):061403. doi:10.1103/Physreve.80.061403 Harris DJ, Hu H, Conrad JC, Lewis JA (2007) Patterning colloidal films via evaporative lithography. Phys Rev Lett 98(14). doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.98.148301 Choi S, Stassi S, Pisano AP, Zohdi TI (2010) Coffee-ring effect-based three dimensional patterning of micro/nanoparticle assembly with a single droplet. Langmuir 26(14):11690–11698. doi:10.1021/La101110t Bodiguel H, Doumenc F, Guerrier B (2010) Stick-slip patterning at low capillary numbers for an evaporating colloidal suspension. Langmuir 26(13):10758–10763. doi:10.1021/La100547j Eral HB, Augustine DM, Duits MHG, Mugele F (2011) Suppressing the coffee stain effect: how to control colloidal self-assembly in evaporating drops using electrowetting. Soft Matter 7(10):4954–4958. doi:10.1039/C1sm05183k Lang S, Botan V, Oettel M, Hajnal D, Franosch T, Schilling R (2010) Glass transition in confined geometry. Phys Rev Lett 105(12). doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.105.125701 Jamie EAG, Dullens RPA, Aarts DGAL (2011) Surface effects on the demixing of colloid–polymer systems. J Phys Chem B 115(45):13168–13174. doi:10.1021/Jp207250q Nagamanasa KH, Gokhale S, Ganapathy R, Sood AK (2011) Confined glassy dynamics at grain boundaries in colloidal crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(28):11323–11326. doi:10.1073/pnas.1101858108 de Villeneuve VWA, Derendorp L, Verboekend D, Vermolen ECM, Kegel WK, Lekkerkerker HNW, Dullens RPA (2009) Grain boundary pinning in doped hard sphere crystals. Soft Matter 5(12):2448–2452. doi:10.1039/B817255b Holscher H, Ebeling D, Schwarz UD (2008) Friction at atomic-scale surface steps: experiment and theory. Phys Rev Lett 101(24). doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.101.246105 Marin AG, Gelderblom H, Lohse D, Snoeijer JH (2011) Rush-hour in evaporating coffee drops. Phys Fluids 23(9). doi:10.1063/1.3640018 Marin AG, Gelderblom H, Lohse D, Snoeijer JH (2011) Order-to-disorder transition in ring-shaped colloidal stains. Phys Rev Lett 107(8). doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.107.085502 Andrieu C, Sykes C, Brochard F (1994) Average spreading parameter on heterogeneous surfaces. Langmuir 10(7):2077–2080 Brunet P, Eggers J, Deegan RD (2009) Motion of a drop driven by substrate vibrations. Eur Phys J Spec Top 166:11–14. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2009-00870-6 Brunet P, Eggers J, Deegan RD (2007) Vibration-induced climbing of drops. Phys Rev Lett 99(14):144501. doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.99.144501 Noblin X, Kofman R, Celestini F (2009) Ratchetlike motion of a shaken drop. Phys Rev Lett 102(19):194504. doi:10.1103/Physrevlett.102.194504 Blake TD, Bracke M, Shikhmurzaev YD (1999) Experimental evidence of nonlocal hydrodynamic influence on the dynamic contact angle. Phys Fluids 11(8):1995–2007 Blake TD, Clarke A, Stattersfield EH (2000) An investigation of electrostatic assist in dynamic wetting. Langmuir 16(6):2928–2935 Ziegler J, Snoeijer JH, Eggers J (2009) Film transitions of receding contact lines. Eur Phys J Spec Top 166:177–180. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2009-00902-3 Lukyanov AV, Shikhmurzaev YD (2007) Effect of flow field and geometry on the dynamic contact angle. Phys Rev E 75(5):051604. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.75.051604 Shikhmurzaev YD (1997) Moving contact lines in liquid/liquid/solid systems. J Fluid Mech 334:211–249 Blake TD, Dobson RA, Ruschak KJ (2004) Wetting at high capillary numbers. J Colloid Interface Sci 279(1):198–205. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.057 Nelson WC, Sen P, Kim CJ (2011) Dynamic contact angles and hysteresis under electrowetting-on-dielectric. Langmuir 27(16):10319–10326. doi:10.1021/la2018083 Wang Y, Bhushan B (2009) Liquid microdroplet sliding on hydrophobic surfaces in the presence of an electric field. Langmuir 25(16):9208–9218. doi:10.1021/la903460a Rayleigh L (1879) On the capillary phenomena of jets. Proc R Soc London 29(71):196–199 Carroll BJ (1976) Accurate measurement of contact-angle, phase contact areas, drop volume, and Laplace excess pressure in drop-on-fiber systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 57(3):488–495 Carroll BJ (1986) Equilibrium conformations of liquid drops on thin cylinders under forces of capillarity—a theory for the roll-up process. Langmuir 2(2):248–250 Carroll BJ (1984) The equilibrium of liquid-drops on smooth and rough circular cylinders. J Colloid Interface Sci 97(1):195–200 Eral HB, de Ruiter J, de Ruiter R, Oh JM, Semprebon C, Brinkmann M, Mugele F (2011) Drops on functional fibers: from barrels to clamshells and back. Soft Matter 7(11):5138–5143. doi:10.1039/C0sm01403f Eral HB, Manukyan G, Oh JM (2011) Wetting of a drop on a sphere. Langmuir 27(9):5340–5346. doi:10.1021/La104628q Quere D (1999) Fluid coating on a fiber. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 31:347–384 Lorenceau E, Senden T, Quére D (2006) Wetting of fibers. In: Weiss RG, Terech P (eds) Molecular gels. Materials with self-assembled fibrillar networks. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 223–237 Aran HC, Chinthaginjala JK, Groote R, Roelofs T, Lefferts L, Wessling M, Lammertink RGH (2011) Porous ceramic mesoreactors: a new approach for gas–liquid contacting in multiphase microreaction technology. Chem Eng J 169(1–3):239–246. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.005 Aran HC, Benito SP, Luiten-Olieman MWJ, Er S, Wessling M, Lefferts L, Benes NE, Lammertink RGH (2011) Carbon nanofibers in catalytic membrane microreactors. J Membr Sci 381(1–2):244–250. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.07.037 Agiral A, Eral HB, van den Ende D, Gardeniers JGE (2011) Charge injection from carbon nanofibers into hexane under ambient conditions. IEEE Trans Electron Dev 58(10):3514–3518. doi:10.1109/Ted.2011.2160947 Oguz EC, Messina R, Lowen H (2011) Helicity in cylindrically confined Yukawa systems. EPL 94(2):28005. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/94/28005 Oguz EC, Messina R, Lowen H (2009) Multilayered crystals of macroions under slit confinement. J Phys Condens Matter 21(42):424110. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/42/424110 Oguz EC, Messina R, Lowen H (2009) Crystalline multilayers of the confined Yukawa system. EPL 86(2):28002. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/86/28002 Demirors AF, Johnson PM, van Kats CM, van Blaaderen A, Imhof A (2010) Directed self-assembly of colloidal dumbbells with an electric field. Langmuir 26(18):14466–14471. doi:10.1021/La102134w Marechal M, Kortschot RJ, Demirors AF, Imhof A, Dijkstra M (2010) Phase behavior and structure of a new colloidal model system of bowl-shaped particles. Nano Lett 10(5):1907–1911. doi:10.1021/Nl100783g