Extracting sovereignty: Capital, territory, and gold mining in Tanzania

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In this paper, we only draw from interview material that is relevant to our specific interest in state mineral ownership and capital investment in gold mining. See Sachs and Warner (2001) and Ross (1999) for views supporting this thesis, and Le Billon (2005) and Watts (2004) for more critical treatments. These questions are not limited to mineral resources. See Emel, Roberts, and Sauri (1992) for a discussion of subterranean groundwater property rights. This influx was mostly European settlers cum miners, or “diggers”, who were driven off of the land by the collapse of the agricultural sector in the midst of the depression. Gold was one of the few commodities whose price was rising at the time (Lemelle, 1986: 133–140). Tanganyika incorporated Zanzibar and became the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964. The issue of land law in Tanzania is quite complex because of “villagization” during the socialist period and multiple dispossessions throughout the colonial period, not to mention closure of large areas for forest reserves and parks. Though this legal pluralism is pertinent to questions of mineral ownership and compensation, we do not focus on it here. The new law does prevent foreigners to hold mining licenses for gemstones, but this does not include gold