An application of the actuator disc model for wind turbine wakes calculations

Katic I, Højstrup J, Jensen NO. A simple model for cluster efficiency. In: EWEC proceedings, 7–9 – October 1986, Rome, Italy; 1986. WAsP – The wind atlas analysis and application program. <http://www.wasp.dk/>. Van Kuik GAM. On the limitations of Froude’s actuator disc concept. PhD Thesis, Technical University of Eindhoven Doctoral Thesis; 1991. Vermeer, 2003, Wind turbine wake aerodynamics, Prog Aerospace Sci, 39, 467, 10.1016/S0376-0421(03)00078-2 Sanderse B. Aerodynamics of wind turbine wakes – Literature review. Energy research centre of the Netherlands. <http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2009/e09016.pdf>. Réthoré PE, Sørensen NN, Zahle F. Validation of an actuator disc model. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings – Tuesday 20–Friday 23 April 2010, Warsaw, Poland. Réthoré PE. Wind turbine wake in atmospheric turbulence. PhD Thesis. Aalborg University, Department of Civil Engineering; 2009. ISSN 1901-729. Rados KG, Prospathopoulos JM, Stefanatos NCh, Politis ES, Chaviaropoulos PK, Zervos A. CFD modeling issues of wind turbine wakes under stable atmospheric conditions. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings, Parc Chanot, Marseille, France, 16–19 March 2009. Cabezón D, Sanz J, Martí I, Crespo A. CFD modelling of the interaction between the Surface Boundary Layer and rotor wake. Comparison of results obtained with different turbulence models and mesh strategies. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings, Parc Chanot, Marseille, France, 16–19 March 2009. Mikkelsen R. Actuator disc methods applied to wind turbines. PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Mek dept.; 2003. El Kasmi, 2008, An extended k–ε model for turbulent flow through horizontal-axis wind turbine, J Wind Eng Indus Aerodyn, 96, 103, 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.03.007 Von Karman, 1963 Troldborg N. Actuator line modeling of wind turbine wakes. PhD thesis, DTU-MEK, Denmark; 2008. Crasto G, Gravdahl AR. CFD wake modeling using a porous disc. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings, Brussels Expo, Belgium, 31 March–3 April 2008. Schepers JG. ENDOW: Validation and improvement of ECN’s wake model. Technical Report ECN-C-03-034, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands; 2003. Mansour K, Yahyazade M. Effects of turbulence model in computational fluid dynamics of horizontal axis wind turbine aerodynamic. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANIC 2011;6(3). ISSN: 1991-8747. IEC 61400-12 WIND TURBINES – Part 12-1: power performance of electricity producing wind turbines; 2006. Castellani F, Vignaroli A, Gravdahl AR. Wind simulation on complex terrain: about the dependencies on inlet flow orthogonality. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings – Athens, Greece, 27 February–2 March 2006. Castellani F. Grid control for CFD wakes simulation in complex terrains. In: European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition Proceedings – Parc Chanot, Marseille, France, 16–19 March 2009. Manwell, 2002 Zahle, 2007, On the influence of far-wake resolution on wind turbine flow simulations, Sci Making Torque Wind – J Phys: Conf Series, 75, 012042, 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012042 Højstrup, 1999, Spectral coherence in wind turbine wakes, J Wind Eng Indus Aerodyn, 80, 137, 10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00198-6 Crasto G, Castellani F, Gravdahl AR, Piccioni E. Offshore wind energy prediction through CFD simulation and the actuator disc model. In: European wind energy conference & exhibition proceedings – Brussels Expo, Belgium, 14–17 March 2011. Castellani F, Crasto G, Gravdahl AR. Actuator disc wind turbine wakes simulation: about the dependences on the wind shear conditions. 1° Convegno Nazionale di Ingegneria del Vento – INVENTO 2010 – Spoleto 30 Giugno-3 Luglio; 2010. ISBN: 978-88-6074-330-5. Frandsen S, et al. The shadow effect of large wind farms: measurements, data analysis and modelling. Report from RisøNational Laboratory for Sustainable Energy – Risø-R1615(EN); 2007. Barthelmie RJ et al. Flow and wakes in large wind farms: Final report for UpWind WP8. Report from RisøNational Laboratory for Sustainable Energy – Risø-R1765(EN); 2011. Réthoré, 2010, Modelling issues with wind turbine wake and atmospheric turbulence, Sci Making Torque Wind