Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers

Anderson, R. A., 1983. Detoxification of aflatoxin-contaminated corn. Pages 87–90 in: Aflatoxin and Aspergillus flavus in Corn. U. Diener, R. Asquith, and J. Dickens, ed. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 279, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. Biehl, 1989, Evaluation of a superactivated charcoal paste and detergent and water in prevention of T-2 toxin-induced local cutaneous effects in topically exposed swine, Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 13, 523, 10.1016/0272-0590(89)90289-3 Buck, 1986, Activated charcoal: Preventing unnecessary death by poisoning, Vet. Med., 86, 73 Carson, M. S., 1982. The effect of dietary fiber and nonnutritive mineral additives on T-2 toxicosis in rats. M.S. thesis, Department of Nutrition, University of Guelph, ON, Canada. Cheeke, 1985, 393 Clement, 1985, Advances in the detection and determination of mycotoxins via capillary GC/quadrupole mass spectrometry, Toxicologist, 5, 232 Dalvi, 1984, Toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in chickens given feed contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and reduction of the toxicity by activated charcoal and some chemical agents, Avian Dis., 28, 61, 10.2307/1590128 Dalvi, 1984, Experimental induction of chronic aflatoxicosis in chickens by purified aflatoxin B1 and its reversal by activated charcoal, phenobarbitol, and reduced glutathione, Poultry Sci., 63, 485, 10.3382/ps.0630485 Doerr, 1981, T-2 toxicosis and blood coagulation in young chickens, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 60, 157, 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90219-5 Edds, 1983, Biological effects of aflatoxins—poultry, 56 Edrington, 1996, Effects of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), acidic HSCAS and activated charcoal, on the metabolic profile and toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in turkey poults, Toxicol. Lett., 89, 115, 10.1016/S0378-4274(96)03795-2 Galey, 1987, Therapeutic efficacy of superactive charcoal in rats exposed to oral lethal doses of T-2 toxin, Toxicon, 25, 493, 10.1016/0041-0101(87)90285-6 Goldblatt, 1971, Control and removal of aflatoxin, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 48, 605, 10.1007/BF02544572 Goldblatt, 1979, Modifying mycotoxin contamination in feeds—use of mold inhibitors, ammoniation, roasting, 167 Hamilton, 1984, Determining safe levels of mycotoxins, J. Food Prot., 47, 570, 10.4315/0362-028X-47.7.570 Hoerr, 1982, Mycotoxicosis caused by either T-2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol in the diet of broiler chickens, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 2, 121, 10.1016/S0272-0590(82)80092-4 Huff, 1988, Toxic synergism between aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler chickens, Poultry Sci., 67, 1418, 10.3382/ps.0671418 Jindal, 1994, Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks and its reduction by activated charcoal, Res. Vet. Sci., 56, 37, 10.1016/0034-5288(94)90193-7 Jones, 1982, Association of low levels of aflatoxin in feed with productivity losses in commercial broiler operations, Poultry Sci., 61, 861, 10.3382/ps.0610861 Kubena, 1987, Novel approach to the preventative management of aflatoxins in poultry, 302 Kubena, 1990, Diminution of aflatoxicosis in growing chickens by dietary addition of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, Poultry Sci., 69, 727, 10.3382/ps.0690727 Nabney, 1965, A spectrophotometric method of determining the aflatoxins, Analyst, 90, 155, 10.1039/an9659000155 National Research Council, 1984, Nutrient requirements of chickens, 11 Nichols, 1983, Economic effects of aflatoxin in corn, 67 Phillips, 1988, Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: A high affinity sorbent for aflatoxin, Poultry Sci., 67, 243, 10.3382/ps.0670243 Rotter, R. G., 1988. Influence of toxin-free and mold-contaminated barley and ochratoxin A on chick performance and methods to reduce their effects. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Sands, 1976, Use of activated charcoal for the removal of patulin from cider, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 32, 388, 10.1128/AEM.32.3.388-391.1976 SAS Institute, 1988 Shotwell, 1966, Production of aflatoxin on rice, Appl. Microbiol., 14, 425, 10.1128/AEM.14.3.425-428.1966 Smith, 1980, Influence of dietary fiber, protein, and zeolite on zearalenone toxicosis in rats and swine, J. Anim. Sci., 50, 278, 10.2527/jas1980.502278x Smith, 1984, Spent canola oil bleaching clays: Potential for treatment of T-2 toxicosis in rats and short-term inclusion in diets for immature swine, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 64, 725, 10.4141/cjas84-080 West, 1973, Increased yield of aflatoxin by incremental increases of temperature, Appl. Microbiol., 25, 1018, 10.1128/AEM.25.6.1018-1019.1973 Wiseman, 1967, Note on removal of pigments from chloroform extracts of aflatoxin cultures with copper carbonate, J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 50, 982 Wyatt, 1972, Severe oral lesions in chickens caused by ingestion of dietary fusariotoxin T-2, Appl. Microbiol., 24, 251, 10.1128/AEM.24.2.251-257.1972 Wyatt, 1973, Neural disturbances in chickens caused by dietary T-2 toxin, Appl. Microbiol., 26, 757, 10.1128/AEM.26.5.757-761.1973 Wyatt, 1973, The effects of T-2 toxin in broiler chickens, Poultry Sci., 52, 1853, 10.3382/ps.0521853 Wyatt, 1975, Altered feathering of chicks caused by T-2 toxin, Poultry Sci., 54, 1042, 10.3382/ps.0541042