Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast: A clinical and echocardiographic analysis

Iliceto, 1985, Dynamic intracavitary left atrial echoes in mitral stenosis, Am J Cardiol, 55, 603, 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90267-X Chia, 1989, Intra-atrial smoke-like echoes and thrombi formation, Chest, 95, 912, 10.1378/chest.95.4.912 Beppu, 1985, Smoke-like echo in the left atrial cavity in mitral valve disease: its features and significance, J Am Coll Cardiol, 6, 744, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80476-9 Aschenberg, 1986, Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography for the detection of left atrial appendage thrombus, J Am Coll Cardiol, 7, 163, 10.1016/S0735-1097(86)80275-3 Obeid, 1989, Comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis of left atrial myxoma, Am J Cardiol, 63, 1006, 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90162-8 Erbel, 1986, Detection of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within the left atrium by transesophageal echocardiography: spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, Clin Cardiol, 9, 245, 10.1002/clc.4960090603 Daniel, 1988, Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valve disease: an indicator for an increased thromboembolic risk, J Am Coll Cardiol, 11, 1204, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90283-5 Castello, 1990, Prevalence and clinical implication of atrial spontaneous contrast in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography, Am J Cardiol, 65, 1149, 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90330-4 Chen, 1990, Contributing factors to formation of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valvular disease, J Ultrasound Med, 9, 151, 10.7863/jum.1990.9.3.151 Sahn, 1978, Recommendations regarding quantification in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements, Circulation, 58, 1072, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.6.1072 Hatle, 1979, Non-invasive assessment of atrioventricular pressure half-time by Doppler ultrasound, Circulation, 60, 1096, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.5.1096 Seward, 1988, Transoesophageal echocardiography: technique, anatomic correlations, implementation and clinical applications, 63, 649 Maze, 1989, Flow characteristics in the dilated left ventricle with thrombus: qualitative and quantitative Doppler analysis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 13, 873, 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90230-1 Petersen, 1989, Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation, Lancet, 1, 175, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91200-2 1990, Preliminary report of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study, N Engl J Med, 322, 863, 10.1056/NEJM199003223221232 Sigel, 1981, Ultrasonography of blood during stasis and coagulation, Invest Radiol, 16, 71, 10.1097/00004424-198101000-00013 Mahony, 1989, Resolution of spontaneous contrast with platelet disaggregatory therapy (trifluoperazine), Am J Cardiol, 63, 1009, 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90163-X Mikell, 1982, Regional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle: echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis, Circulation, 66, 755, 10.1161/01.CIR.66.4.755 Yuan, 1988, Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood I. Dependence on shear rate and hematocrit, J Acoust Soc Am, 84, 52, 10.1121/1.397238 Yuan, 1988, Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood. II. Dependence on frequency and fibrinogen concentration, J Acoust Soc Am, 84, 1195, 10.1121/1.396620 Lowe, 1987, Blood rheology and hyperviscosity syndromes, 1, 614 Humphrey, 1985, How often can an embolic stroke be diagnosed clinically? A clinicopathological correlation, Postgrad Med J, 61, 1039, 10.1136/pgmj.61.722.1039 Ramirez-Lassepas, 1987, Can embolic stroke be diagnosed on the basis of neurologic clinical criteria?, Arch Neurol, 44, 87, 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130067019