Pyrolysis of Wood and Bark in an Auger Reactor: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Produced Bio-oils
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Stamatov, V.; Honnery, D.; Soria, J.Combustion properties of slow pyrolysis bio-oil produced from indigenous Australian species.Renewable Energy, in press.
Czernik S., 1994, Bioenergy, 7, 187
Zhang, J.; Toghiani, H.; Mohan, D.; Pittman, Jr., C. U.; Toghiani, R. K.Product analysis and thermodynamic simulations from pyrolysis of several biomass feed stocks.Energy Fuels, accepted for publication, 2007.
Kang B.-S., 2006, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis
Murwanashyaka J. N., 2001, Technology, 24, 15
Garcia-Perez M., 2002, Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 81, 893
Murwanashyaka J. N., 2001, Technology, 24, 155
Bridgwater, A. V.; Czernik, S.; Piskorz, J.An overview of fast pyrolysis. InProgress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion;Bridgwater, A. V., Ed.Blackwell Science:London, 2001; Vol.2, pp977–997.
Garcia-Perez, M.; Chaala, A.; Pakdel, H.; Kretschmer, D.; Rodrigue, D.; Roy, C.Evaluation of the influence of stainless steel and copper on the aging process of bio-oil.Energy Fuels, in press.
Bridgwater A., 1999, Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook
Badger, P. C.; Fransham, P.Use of mobile fast pyrolysis plants to densify biomass and reduce biomass handling costs-a preliminary assessment.Biomass Bioenergy, in press.
Renewable Oil International. Technical memorandum: Use of bio-oil as boiler fuel, 2001.
Mohan, D.; Pittman, C. U., Jr.; Bricka, M.; Smith, F.; Yancey, B.; Mohammad, J.; Steele, P. H.; Alexandre-Franco, M. F.; Gomez-Serrano, Y.; Gong, H.Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production.J. Colloid Interface Sci.[Online early access]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.020.
Oasmaa A., 2005, Characterization, analysis, norms and standards in fast pyrolysis of biomass: A Handbook
Freel, B.; Graham, R. G.Bio-oil preservatives. U.S. Patent 6,485,841, Nov 26, 2002.See also:Barry, F.; Graham, R. G.Bio-oil Preservatives. PCT/CA99/00984; WO 00/25996.
Mourant D., 2005, Wood Fiber Sci., 37, 542
Chum, H.; Deibold, J.; Scahill, J.; Johnson, D.; Black, S.; Schroeder, H.; Kreibich, R. E.Biomass pyrolysis oil feed stocks for phenolic adhesives. InAdhesives from Renewable Resources;Hemingway, R. W.; Conner, A. H.; Branham, S. J., Eds.ACS Symposium Series No. 385;American Chemical Society:Washington, DC, 1989; pp135–151.
Bozell, J.Integrated spectra of aged pyrolysis oil samples, interoffice memorandum to S. Czernik, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, May 21, 1992.
McKinely, J.Biomass liquefaction: Centralized analysis, B.C. Research Report, July 1989, pp53–84.
Breitmaier, E.; Voelter, W.Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. High-resolution methods and applications in organic chemistry and biochemistry,3rd ed.Verlagsgesellschaft:Weinheim, Germany, 1987; p515(Fed. Rep. Ger.).
ASTM D 4052 Standard test method for density and relative density of liquids by digital density meter. Easton, MD: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988.
Oasmaa, A.; Peacock C.A guide to physical property characterization of biomass derived fast pyrolysis liquids. Technical Research Centre of Finland ESPOO 2001 VTT Publication 450.
ASTM D 1744 Standard test method for water in liquid petroleum products by Karl Fischer reagent. Easton, MD: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988.
ASTM E 203 Standard test method for water using volumetric Karl Fischer Titration. Easton, MD: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.
Oasmaa, A.; Leppamaki, E.; Koponen, P.; Levander, J.; Tapola, E.Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids: application of standard fuel oil analysis, VVT Energy Publication 306, 1997.
ASTM D5291 Standard test methods for instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants. Easton, MD: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1992.
Sjostrom, E.Wood chemistry: fundamentals and application, 2nd Ed.;Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 2001; Chapter3.
Elder T., 1991, Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry
Bridgwater A. V., 2002, Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook, 2
Bridgwater A. V., 2005, Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook
Rudatin S., 1988, Lignin properties and materials, 144
Himmel, M. E.; Tatsumoto, K.; Oh, K.; Grohmann, K.; Johnson, D. K.; Li, C. H.Molecular weight distribution of Aspen lignins estimated by universal calibration. InLignin, properties and materials;Glasser, W. G.; Sarkanen, S., Eds.ACS Symposium Series 397;American Chemical Society:Washington, DC, 1988; p82.
Johnson, D. K.; Li, C. H.; Hyatt, J. A.Molecular weight distribution studies using lignin model compounds. InLignin, properties and materials;Glasser, W. G.; Sarkanen, S., Eds.ACS Symposium Series 397;American Chemical Society:Washington, DC, 1988; p109.
Mitchell, B. K.; Ingram, L. L., Jr.; Soria, J. A.; Steele, P.; Stobel, D. S.Chemical and physical characteristics of bio-oil from pine and oak feed stocks.Proc. For. Prod. Res. Soc., in press.