Old cultural traditions, in addition to land use and topography, are shaping plant diversity of grasslands in the Alps

Biological Conservation - Tập 130 - Trang 438-446 - 2006
Katrin Maurer1, Anne Weyand2, Markus Fischer3, Jürg Stöcklin1
1Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstr. 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
2Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
3Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany

Tài liệu tham khảo

Austrheim, 2001, Plant species diversity and grazing in the Scandinavian mountains – patterns and processes at different spatial scales, Ecography, 24, 683, 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240607.x Baer, 2004, Plant community responses to resource availability and heterogeneity during restoration, Oecologia, 139, 617, 10.1007/s00442-004-1541-3 Bätzing, 2003 Bignal, 1996, Low-intensity farming systems in the conservation of the countryside, J. Appl. Ecol., 33, 413, 10.2307/2404973 Braun-Blanquet, 1951 Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft, 2004. Agrarbericht 2004. Bern. Crawley, 2001, Scale dependence in plant biodiversity, Science, 291, 864, 10.1126/science.291.5505.864 Dauber, 2003, Landscape structure as an indicator of biodiversity: matrix effects on species richness, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 98, 321, 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00092-6 Duelli, 1997, Biodiversity evaluation in agricultural landscapes: An approach at two different scales, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 62, 81, 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01143-7 Duelli, 2003, Biodiversity indicators: the choice of values and measures, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 98, 87, 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00072-0 Fischer, 2002, Effect of low-intensity grazing on the species-rich vegetation of traditionally mown subalpine meadows, Biol. Conserv., 104, 1, 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00149-5 Foster, 1998, Species richness in a successional grassland: Effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter, Ecology, 79, 2593, 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2593:SRIASG]2.0.CO;2 Frei, E., Juhasz, P., Bach, R., 1964. Bodenkarte der Schweiz in: Geotechnische Karte der Schweiz. Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission, Neuchâtel, Bern, Basel. Gigon, 1996, The Dynamic keyhole key model of coexistence to explain diversity of plants in limestone and other grasslands, J. Veg. Sci., 7, 29, 10.2307/3236413 Grytnes, 2003, Species-richness patterns of vascular plants along seven altitudinal transects in Norway, Ecography, 26, 291, 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03358.x Haefner, 1984, Land-use changes and ecological effects in the Swiss Alps, 101 Honnay, 2003, Satellite based land use and landscape complexity indices as predictors for regional plant species diversity, Landscape Urban Plann., 63, 241, 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00194-9 Im Hof, 1986 Jacquemyn, 2003, Short-term effects of different management regimes on the response of calcareous grassland vegetation to increased nitrogen, Biol. Conserv., 111, 137, 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00256-2 Kahmen, 2002, Conservation management of calcareous grasslands. Changes in plant species composition and response of functional traits during 25 years, Biol. Conserv., 104, 319, 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00197-5 Keel, 1995 Koellner, 2004, Rarefaction method for assessing plant species diversity on a regional scale, Ecography, 27, 532, 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03832.x Küchler, 2004 Landolt, 1977 Levin, 1974, Dispersion and population interactions, Am. Nat., 108, 207, 10.1086/282900 Lindborg, 2004, Historical landscape connectivity affects present plant species diversity, Ecology, 85, 1840, 10.1890/04-0367 MacArthur, 1961, On bird species diversity, Ecology, 42, 594, 10.2307/1932254 Magurran, 1988 Moser, 2002, Landscape patch shape complexity as an effective measure for plant species richness in rural landscapes, Landscape Ecol., 17, 657, 10.1023/A:1021513729205 Oertli, 2005, Cross-taxon congruence of species diversity and community similarity among three insect taxa in a mosaic landscape, Biol. Conserv., 126, 195, 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.014 Olsson, 2000, Landscape change patterns in mountains, land use and environmental diversity, Mid-Norway 1960–1993, Landscape Ecol., 15, 155, 10.1023/A:1008173628016 Pfister, C., 2004. Landwirtschaftliche und sozioökonomische Vielfalt in den Schweizer Alpen (Agricultural and socioeconomic diversity in the Swiss Alps). Diploma thesis, University of Zurich. Proulx, 1998, Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems, Ecology, 79, 2581, 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2581:ROGIOP]2.0.CO;2 R Development Core Team, 2004 Rahbek, 1995, The elevational gradient of species richness – a uniform pattern?, Ecography, 18, 200, 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1995.tb00341.x Ryser, 1995, Species richness and vegetation structure in a limestone grassland after 15 years management with 6 biomass removal regimes, Folia Geobot. Phytotaxon., 30, 157, 10.1007/BF02812095 Smith, 1996, A consumer’s guide to evenness indices, Oikos, 76, 70, 10.2307/3545749 Stebler, 1892, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Matten und Weiden der Schweiz X., Versuch einer Übersicht über die Wiesentypen der Schweiz, Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch der Schweiz, 6, 95 Tasser, 2002, Impact of land use changes on mountain vegetation, Appl. Veg. Sci., 5, 173, 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2002.tb00547.x Tasser, 2003, Effects of land use in alpine grasslands on the probability of landslides, Basic Appl. Ecol., 4, 271, 10.1078/1439-1791-00153 Theurillat, 2003, Vascular plant and bryophyte diversity along elevational gradients in the Alps, 185 Tidow, 2002 Väre, 2003, Taxonomic diversity of vascular plants in the European Alpine areas, 133 Wagner, 2000, Additive partitioning of plant species diversity in an agricultural mosaic landscape, Landscape Ecol., 15, 219, 10.1023/A:1008114117913 Waldhardt, 2004, Estimation and prediction of plant species richness in a mosaic landscape, Landscape Ecol., 19, 211, 10.1023/B:LAND.0000021722.08588.58 Weibull, 2000, Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: the role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity, Ecography, 23, 743, 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00317.x Welten, 1982 Williams, 1964 Wohlgemuth, 1998, Modelling floristic species richness on a regional scale: a case study in Switzerland, Biodivers. Conserv., 7, 159, 10.1023/A:1008880317661 Zoller, 1980, Stufen der Kulturintensität und ihr Einfluss auf Artenzahl und Artengefüge der Vegetation, Phytocoenologia, 7, 35, 10.1127/phyto/7/1980/35 Zoller, 1984, Biocönosen von Grenzertragsflächen und Brachland in den Berggebieten der Schweiz, Phytocoenologia, 12, 373, 10.1127/phyto/12/1984/373