Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis

The Lancet - Tập 358 - Trang 1305-1315 - 2001
Jan A Staessen1, Ji-Guang Wang1, Lutgarde Thijs1
1Studiecoõrdinatiecentrum, Hypertensie en Cardiovasculaire Revalidatie Eenheid, Departement Moleculair en Cardiovasculair Onderzoek, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Tài liệu tham khảo

Casiglia, 1994, Effect of 2 different therapeutic approaches on total and cardiovascular mortality in a Cardiovascular Study in the Elderly, Jpn Heart J, 35, 589, 10.1536/ihj.35.589 Neaton, 1993, Treatment of mild hypertension study: final results, JAMA, 270, 713, 10.1001/jama.1993.03510060059034 Borhani, 1996, Final outcome results of the multicenter isradipine diuretic atherosclerosis study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 276, 785, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540100029024 Hansson, 1999, Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial, Lancet, 353, 611, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05012-0 1999, Randomized double-blind comparison of a calcium antagonist and a diuretic in elderly hypertensives, Hypertension, 34, 1129, 10.1161/01.HYP.34.5.1129 Hansson, 1999, Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study, Lancet, 354, 1751, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)10327-1 2000, Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients, N Engl J Med, 342, 145, 10.1056/NEJM200001203420301 Brown, 2000, Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS Study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertensive Treatment (INSIGHT), Lancet, 356, 366, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02527-7 Hansson, 2000, Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study, Lancet, 356, 359, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02526-5 2000, Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), JAMA, 283, 1967, 10.1001/jama.283.15.1967 Cashin-Hemphill, 1999, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition as anti-atherosclerotic therapy: no answer yet, Am J Cardiol, 83, 43, 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00780-2 MacMahon, 2000, Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in patients with coronary or other occlusive arterial disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 36, 438, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00736-1 Pitt, 2000, Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events, Circulation, 102, 1503, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.13.1503 Zanchetti, 1998, The Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study (VHAS): results of long-term randomized treatment with either verapamil or chlorthalidone on carotid intima-media thickness, J Hypertens, 16, 1667, 10.1097/00004872-199816110-00014 Teo, 2000, Long-term effects of cholesterol lowering and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on coronary atherosclerosis. The Simvastatin/Enalapril Coronary Atherosclerosis Trial (SCAT), Circulation, 102, 1748, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1748 2000, Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39, BMJ, 317, 713 Staessen, 2000, Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials, Lancet, 355, 865, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07330-4 Collins, 1994, Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risks of stroke and of coronary heart disease, Br Med Bull, 50, 272, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072892 Cook, 1995, Implications of small reductions in diastolic pressure for primary prevention, Arch Intern Med, 155, 701, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430070053006 2000, Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials, Lancet, 355, 1955 Pahor, 2000, Health outcomes associated with calcium antagonists compared with other first-line antihypertensive therapies: a meta-analaysis of randomised controlled trials, Lancet, 356, 1949, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03306-7 Staessen, 1990, Editorial review. Isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly, J Hypertens, 8, 393, 10.1097/00004872-199005000-00001 Swales, 2000, Systolic versus diastolic pressure: paradigm shift or cycle?, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 477, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001062 Thijs, 1994, Why is antihypertensive drug therapy needed in elderly patients with systolodiastolic hypertension?, J Hypertens, 12, S25 Staessen, 1999, Characteristics of published, ongoing, and planned outcome trials in hypertension, 341 Hansson, 1998, Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial, Lancet, 351, 1755, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04311-6 1998, Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38, BMJ, 317, 703, 10.1136/bmj.317.7160.703 Coope, 1986, Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care, BMJ, 293, 1145, 10.1136/bmj.293.6555.1145 Helgeland, 1980, Treatment of mild hypertension: a five year controlled drug trial, Am J Med, 69, 725, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90438-6 Amery, 1985, Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial, Lancet, 1, 1349, 10.1016/S0140-6736(85)91783-0 Dahlöf, 1991, Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension), Lancet, 338, 1281, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92589-T 1992, Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results, BMJ, 304, 405, 10.1136/bmj.304.6824.405 1985, MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results, BMJ, 291, 97, 10.1136/bmj.291.6488.97 Gong, 1996, Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE), J Hypertens, 14, 1237, 10.1097/00004872-199610000-00013 1980, The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension, Lancet, 1, 1261 1974, Effect of antihypertensive treatment on stroke recurrence, JAMA, 229, 409, 10.1001/jama.1974.03230420021019 1977, Treatment of mild hypertension: results of a ten-year intervention trial, Circ Res, 40, 98 1967, Effect of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 115–129 mm Hg, JAMA, 202, 116 1991, Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), JAMA, 265, 3255, 10.1001/jama.1991.03460240051027 Staessen, 1997, Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension, Lancet, 350, 757, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)05381-6 Liu, 1998, Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension, J Hypertens, 16, 1823, 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00016 Sprackling, 1981, Blood pressure reduction in the elderly: a randomised controlled trial of methyldopa, BMJ, 283, 1151, 10.1136/bmj.283.6300.1151 1977, Veterans Administration—National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group for Cooperative Studies on Antihypertensive Therapy: mild hypertension (Perry HM, Jr). Treatment of mild hypertension: preliminary results of a two-year feasibility trial, Circ Res, 40, 180 Barraclough, 1973, Control of moderately raised blood pressure: report of a co-operative randomized controlled trial, BMJ, 3, 434, 10.1136/bmj.3.5877.434 1970, Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension II: results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg, JAMA, 213, 1143, 10.1001/jama.1970.03170330025003 Wolff, 1966, Effects of treatment in hypertension: results of a controlled study, J Chron Dis, 19, 227, 10.1016/0021-9681(66)90128-7 Carter, 1970, Hypotensive therapy in stroke survivors, Lancet, 1, 485, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91577-1 Kuramoto, 1981, Prospective study on the treatment of mild hypertension in the aged, Jpn Heart J, 22, 75, 10.1536/ihj.22.75 1979, Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program I: reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension, JAMA, 242, 2562, 10.1001/jama.1979.03300230018021 1985, Cardiovascular risk and risk factors in a randomized trial of treatment based on the beta-blocker oxprenolol: the International Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension (IPPPSH), J Hypertens, 3, 379, 10.1097/00004872-198508000-00011 Wilhelmsen, 1987, Beta-blockers versus diuretics in hypertensive men: main results from the HAPPHY trial, J Hypertens, 5, 561, 10.1097/00004872-198710000-00009 Wikstrand, 1986, Antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol or hydrochlorothiazide in patients aged 60 to 75 years. Report from a double-blind international multicenter study, JAMA, 255, 1304, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370100098025 Estacio, 1998, The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension, N Engl J Med, 338, 645, 10.1056/NEJM199803053381003 Tatti, 1998, Outcome results of the Fosinopril versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM, Diabet Care, 21, 597, 10.2337/diacare.21.4.597 1985, An international trial of antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. Objectives, protocol and organization, Arch Intern Pharmacodyn ThJr, 275, 300 Curb, 1996, Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension, JAMA, 276, 1886, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540230036032 Hansson, 1997, The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) in hypertension-baseline data and current status, Blood Press, 6, 365, 10.3109/08037059709062096 Davis, 1996, Rationale and design for the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), Am J Hypertens, 9, 342, 10.1016/0895-7061(96)00037-4 Tuomilehto, 1999, Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension, N Engl J Med, 340, 677, 10.1056/NEJM199903043400902 Staessen, 1999, Update on the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial, Hypertension, 33, 1476, 10.1161/01.HYP.33.6.1476 Wang, 2000, Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly, Arch Intern Med, 160, 211, 10.1001/archinte.160.2.211 2000, Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy, Lancet, 355, 253, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)12323-7 Agabiti Rosei, 1997, Clinical results of the Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study, J Hypertens, 15, 1337, 10.1097/00004872-199715110-00019 Davies, 1998, Reactive oxygen species, metallo-proteinases, and plaque stability, Circulation, 97, 2382, 10.1161/01.CIR.97.24.2382 Garg, 1995, Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure, JAMA, 275, 1450, 10.1001/jama.1995.03520420066040 Flather, 2000, Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients, Lancet, 355, 1575, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02212-1 Staessen, 2000, Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers for the treatment of hypertensive patients, Eur Heart J, 21, 2, 10.1053/euhj.1999.1833 2001, Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, Lancet, 358, 1033, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06178-5 Staessen, 2001, Blood pressure lowering for the secondary prevention of stroke, Lancet, 358, 1026, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06226-2