Helium enrichment mechanism of helium-rich gas reservoirs in central and western China: Degassing and accumulation from ancient groundwater

Lupton, 1983, Terrestrial inert gases, Isotopic trace studies and clubs to primordial components, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 11, 371, 10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.002103 Ballentine, 2002, Production, release, and transport of noble gases in the continental crust, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 47, 481, 10.2138/rmg.2002.47.12 Porcelli, 2002, An overview of noble gas geochemistry and cosmochemistry, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 47, 1, 10.2138/rmg.2002.47.1 Wang, 1989 Ruedemann, 1929, Helium-its probable origin and concentration in the Amarillo fold, Texas, AAPG (Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol.) Bull., 13, 799 Katz, 1969, 242 Pierce, 1964, 1 Nikonov, 1973, Formation of helium-bearing gases and trends in prospecting for them, Int. Geol. Rev., 15, 534, 10.1080/00206817309475919 Gold, 1987, Helium-nitrogen-methane systematics in natural gases of Texas and Kansas, J. Petrol. Geol., 10, 415, 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1987.tb00582.x Ballentine, 2002, Regional groundwater focusing of nitrogen and noble gases into the Hugoton-Panhandle giant gas field, USA, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 2483, 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00850-5 Broadhead, 2005, Helium in New Mexico-geological distribution, resource demand, and exploration possibilities, N. M. Geol., 27, 93 Maione, 2004, Helium exploration-A 21 century challenge, Houston Geological Society, 46, 27 Brown, 2019, Origin of helium and nitrogen in the Panhandle–Hugoton field of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, United States, AAPG (Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol.) Bull., 103, 369 Qin, 2019, Distribution law of helium in leshan-longnvsi paleo-uplift in Sichuan basin, China, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 360, 10.1088/1755-1315/360/1/012031 Brown, 2010 Zhang, 2019, Using noble gases to trace groundwater evolution and assess helium accumulation in Weihe Basin, central China, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 251, 229, 10.1016/j.gca.2019.02.024 Xu, 1979, Rare gas isotopes in natural gas, Geochem. (Tokyo. 1967), 271 Xu, 1990, Industrial storage and accumulation of mantle-derived helium and the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone, Chin. Sci. Bull., 35, 932 Wang, 1992, Geochemical characteristics of hot spring gas in seismic area, Science in China (Series B), 849 Dai, 1995 Xu, 1996, The mantle noble gas of natural gases, Earth Sci. Front., 3, 63 Xu, 1990, Isotopic measurements of nitrogen and their application in natural gas, Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 12, 16 Xu, 1997, Helium Isotope Distribution of Natural Gasses and its Structural Setting, Earth Science Frontiers (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), 4, 185 Sun, 1994, The role of helium isotopes in natural gas geology, Nat. Gas Geosci., 5, 1 Liu, 2012, Origin of nitrogen molecules in natural gas and implications for the high risk of N2 exploration in Tarim Basin, NW China, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 81, 112, 10.1016/j.petrol.2011.12.013 Sheng, 1995, Helium isotope compositions in sedimentary basins in China, Appl. Geochem., 10, 643, 10.1016/0883-2927(95)00033-X Sheng, 2017, Mantle-derived helium in foreland basins in xinjiang, northwest China, Tectonophysics, 694, 319, 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.11.015 Wang, 2016, Rare gases geochemical characteristics and gas source correlation for Dabei Gas Field in Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 34, 113, 10.1177/0144598715623673 Xu, 1998, 170 Liu, 2009, Geochemistry and genesis of natural gas in the foreland and platform of the Tarim Basin, Acta Geol. Sin., 83, 107 Tao, 2019, Helium resources and discovery of first supergiant helium reserve in China: Hetianhe Gas Field, Earth Sci., 44, 1024 Zhang, 2019, Quantifying the helium and hydrocarbon accumulation processes using noble gases in the North Qaidam Basin, China, Chem. Geol., 525, 368, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.020 Zhang, 2020, Finding of the Dongping economic helium gas field in the Qaidam Basin, and helium source and exploration prospect, Nat. Gas Geosci., 31, 1585 Dai, 2003, Pool-forming periods and gas source of Weiyuan gasfield, Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 25, 473 Zhu, 2007, The genesis of H2S in the weiyuan gas field, Sichuan basin and its evidence, Chin. Sci. Bull., 52, 1394, 10.1007/s11434-007-0185-1 Dai, 1999, Formation characteristics of natural gas reservoirs and favorable exploration areas in Sinian-Cambrian petroleum system of Sichuan Basin, Petrol. Explor. Dev., 26, 16 Bowersox, 2018, 7 Xu, 1996, Geochemistry of mantle-derived volatiles in natural gas in the eastern oil and gas regions-Ⅰ. A new type of helium resource:Industrial accumulation of mantle-derived helium in sedimentary crust, Sciencein China(Series D), 26, 1 Mamyrin, 1984 Kaneoka, 1985, Noble-gas state in the Earth's interior—some constraints on the present state, Chem. Geol. Isot. Geosci., 52, 75, 10.1016/0168-9622(85)90008-9 Xu, 1996, Geochemistry on mantle-derived volatiles in natural gases from eastern China oil/gas provinces: II. Helium, argon and hydrocarbons in mantle volatiles, Science in China (Series D), 26, 187 Guo, 1999, Geological character of Xiqiao helium-bearing gas field and prospecting of helium-bearing natural gas in North Jiangsu Basin, Petrol. Explor. Dev., 26, 24 Cao, 2001, Accumulation analysis on a helium-enriched gas reservoir in huagou area, the jiyang depression, Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 23, 395 Wang, 2006, Gas source rocks and gas genetic type in Shuangcheng-Taipingchuan Area of Songliao Basin, Acta Pet. Sin., 27, 16 Dai, 2017, Geochemical characteristics of He and CO2 from the Ordos (cratonic) and bohaibay (Rift) basins in China, Chem. Geol., 469, 192, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.02.011 Xu, 1989, The oldest gas pool of China: Weiyuan Sinian gas pool, Sichuan Province, Acta Sedimentol. Sin., 7, 3 Wu, 2013, Origin and source of CO2 in natural gas from the eastern Sichuan Basin, Sci. China Earth Sci., 56, 1308, 10.1007/s11430-013-4601-x Ni, 2014, Helium signatures of gases from the Sichuan basin, China, Org. Geochem., 74, 33, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.03.007 Li, 1982, Tectonic types of oil and gas basins in China, Acta Pet. Sin., 3, 1 Xu, 1994, Distribution of helium isotopes in natural gas from petroliferous basins in China, Chin. Sci. Bull., 39, 1505 Wei, 2017, Causes of high U and characteristics of hot shale at Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas, Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 7, 59 Kong, 1997 Li, 2017, Henry's law and accumulation of crust-derived helium: a case from Weihe Basin, China, Nat. Gas Geosci., 28, 495 Abrosimov, 2013, Solubility and thermodynamics of dissolution of helium in water at gas partial pressures of 0.1–100 MPa within a Temperature Range of 278–353 K, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 58, 808, 10.1134/S0036023613070024 Danabalan, 2016, 595 Zhang, 2018, The analysis of helium accumulation conditions and prediction of helium resource in Weihe Basin, Nat. Gas Geosci., 29, 236 Brown, 2019, Origin of helium and nitrogen in the Panhandle-Hugoton field of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, United States, AAPG (Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol.) Bull., 103, 369 Qin, 2002, The difference on geochemical characteristics of natural gases between east and west part in Hetianhe gas field of Tarim Basin and its origin, Petrol. Explor. Dev., 28, 16 Qin, 2006, Water-soluble gas accumulation process of Hetianhe gas field in Tarim Basin, NW China, Petrol. Explor. Dev., 33, 280 Qin, 2016, Geochemical evidence of water-soluble gas accumulation in the Weiyuan gas field, Sichuan Basin, Nat. Gas. Ind. B, 3, 37, 10.1016/j.ngib.2016.02.004 Zhang, 2015, Feasibility of high-helium natural gas exploration in the Presinian strata, Sichuan Basin, Nat. Gas. Ind. B, 2, 88, 10.1016/j.ngib.2015.02.007 Yin, 2000, Natural gas and petroleum generation, migration and accumulation in Sinian reservoirs of Weiyuan area, Sichuan, Geology Geochemistry, 28, 78 Wang, 2001, 166 Qin, 2012, Carbon isotopic composition of water-soluble gases and their geological significance in the Sichuan Basin, Petrol. Explor. Dev., 39, 335, 10.1016/S1876-3804(12)60049-4 Zhao, 2002, Special source of the natural gases of the hotan river gas field and the origin of its non-hydrocarbon gases, Geol. Rev., 48, 480 Cai, 2002, Chemical and isotopic evidence for secondary alteration of natural gases in the Hetianhe field, Bachu uplift of the Tarim Basin, Org. Geochem., 33, 1415, 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00111-0 Fu, 2015, Natural gas exploration in eastern segment of Alkin Piedmont, northern Qaidam Basin, China Petroleum Exploration, 20, 1