EDTA-dominated hollow tube-like porous graphitic carbon nitride towards enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Kudo, 2009, Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 253, 10.1039/B800489G Chen, 2010, Semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen generation, Chem. Rev., 110, 6503, 10.1021/cr1001645 Takata, 2020, Photocatalytic water splitting with a quantum efficiency of almost unity, Nature, 581, 411, 10.1038/s41586-020-2278-9 Guo, 2020, Enhanced light-driven charge separation and H2 generation efficiency in WSe2 nanosheet-semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12, 44769, 10.1021/acsami.0c12931 Hu, 2022, Significantly enhanced photothermal catalytic hydrogen evolution over Cu2O-rGO/TiO2 composite with full spectrum solar light, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 608, 2058, 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.136 Vernardou, 2014, Photocatalytic properties of chemically grown vanadium oxide at 65 oC, Thin Solid Films, 555, 169, 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.144 Vernardou, 2009, Influence of solution chemistry on the properties of hydrothermally grown TiO2 for advanced applications, Cataly. Today, 144, 172, 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.02.009 Vernardou, 2012, Electrochemical properties of amorphous WO3 coatings grown on polycarbonate by aerosol-assisted CVD, Electrochim. Acta, 65, 185, 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.035 Vasilaki, 2017, TiO2/WO3 photoactive bilayers in the UV-Vis light region, Appl. Phys. A, 123, 1, 10.1007/s00339-017-0837-1 Cheng, 2021, Bridging regulation in graphitic carbon nitride for band-structure modulation and directional charge transfer towards efficient H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 601, 220, 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.109 Zhang, 2022, Synergistic effect of nitrogen vacancy on ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride porous nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution, Chem. Eng. J., 431, 10.1016/j.cej.2021.134101 Wang, 2009, A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light, Nat. Mater., 8, 76, 10.1038/nmat2317 Geng, 2021, Z-Scheme 2D/2D α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction for photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide, Appl. Catal. B, 280, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119409 Yu, 2021, One-step realization of crystallization and cyano-group generation for g-C3N4 photocatalysts with improved H2 production, Sol. RRL, 5, 2000372, 10.1002/solr.202000372 Nguyen, 2022, Defect engineering of water-dispersible g-C3N4 photocatalysts by chemical oxidative etching of bulk g-C3N4 prepared in different calcination atmospheres, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 103, 232, 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.013 Cheng, 2021, Disordered nitrogen-defect-rich porous carbon nitride photocatalyst for highly efficient H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation, Carbon, 181, 193, 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.030 Zhang, 2020, Maleic hydrazide-based molecule doping in three-dimensional lettuce-like graphite carbon nitride towards highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Appl. Catal. B, 272, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119009 Sun, 2017, Reduced oxygenated g-C3N4 with abundant nitrogen vacancies for visible-light photocatalytic applications, Chem. Eur. J., 23, 15466, 10.1002/chem.201703168 Guo, 2017, P-doped tubular g-C3N4 with surface carbon defects: universal synthesis and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production, Appl. Catal. B, 218, 664, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.022 Jiang, 2018, A hierarchical Z-scheme α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 hybrid for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction, Adv. Mater., 30, 1706108, 10.1002/adma.201706108 Lin, 2016, Tri-s-triazine-based crystalline graphitic carbon nitrides for highly efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalysis, ACS Catal., 6, 3921, 10.1021/acscatal.6b00922 Wu, 2021, Making g-C3N4 ultra-thin nanosheets active for photocatalytic overall water splitting, Appl. Catal. B, 282, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119557 Che, 2020, Facile construction of porous intramolecular g-C3N4-based donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers as highly efficient photocatalysts for superior H2 evolution, Nano Energy, 67, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104273 Niu, 2012, Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic activities, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, 4763, 10.1002/adfm.201200922 Yuan, 2019, Liquid exfoliation of g-C3N4 nanosheets to construct 2D–2D MoS2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production activity, Appl. Catal. B, 246, 120, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.043 Tahir, 2014, Multifunctional g-C3N4 nanofibers: a template-free fabrication and enhanced optical, electrochemical, and photocatalyst properties, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 1258, 10.1021/am405076b Huang, 2019, Highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles hybridizing with 3D hollow-sphere g-C3N4 to construct 0D/3D composites for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, J. Catal., 378, 331, 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.09.007 Cui, 2018, Constructing highly uniform onion-ring-like graphitic carbon nitride for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, ACS Nano, 12, 5551, 10.1021/acsnano.8b01271 Tian, 2019, Reactive sites rich porous tubular yolk-shell g-C3N4 via precursor recrystallization mediated microstructure engineering for photoreduction, Appl. Catal. B, 253, 196, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.036 Huang, 2017, Template-free precursor-surface-etching route to porous, thin g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhancing photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activity, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 17452, 10.1039/C7TA04639A Yang, 2020, Molecular engineering of supramolecular precursor to modulate g-C3N4 for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Carbon, 164, 337, 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.015 Han, 2015, A graphitic-C3N4 “seaweed” architecture for enhanced hydrogen evolution, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 127, 11595, 10.1002/ange.201504985 Liu, 2018, A novel route combined precursor-hydrothermal pretreatment with microwave heating for preparing holey g-C3N4 nanosheets with high crystalline quality and extended visible light absorption, Appl. Catal. B, 225, 22, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.044 Nishizawa, 1984, Crystal growth of ZnO by hydrothermal decomposition of Zn-EDTA, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 67, C-98, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1984.tb19720.x Sun, 2011, Synthesis of large surface area nano-sized BiVO4 by an EDTA-modified hydrothermal process and its enhanced visible photocatalytic activity, J. Solid State Chem., 184, 3050, 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.09.013 Deng, 2019, EDTA-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like CoSe2 nanorods as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, J. Energy Chem., 28, 95, 10.1016/j.jechem.2018.01.022 Zhang, 2018, Rapid high-temperature treatment on graphitic carbon nitride for excellent photocatalytic H2-evolution performance, Appl. Catal. B, 233, 80, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.104 Ran, 2018, Metal-free 2D/2D phosphorene/g-C3N4 Van der Waals heterojunction for highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 production, Adv. Mater., 30, 1800128, 10.1002/adma.201800128 Fu, 2017, Hierarchical porous O-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, Small, 13, 1603938, 10.1002/smll.201603938 Han, 2018, Significant enhancement of visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution by structure regulation of carbon nitrides, ACS Nano, 12, 5221, 10.1021/acsnano.7b08100 Su, 2016, Carbon self-doping induced activation of n-π* electronic transitions of g-C3N4 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution, ChemCatChem, 8, 3527, 10.1002/cctc.201600928 Li, 2016, Macroscopic foam-like holey ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets for drastic improvement of visible-light photocatalytic activity, Adv. Energy Mater., 6, 1601273, 10.1002/aenm.201601273 Lu, 2021, CO2 conversion promoted by potassium intercalated g-C3N4 catalyst in DBD plasma system, Chem. Eng. J., 417, 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129283 Zhao, 2021, Boron-doped nitrogen-deficient carbon nitride-based Z-scheme heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting, Nat. Energy, 6, 388, 10.1038/s41560-021-00795-9 Chen, 2022, Well-designed three-dimensional hierarchical hollow tubular g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 nanosheets heterostructure for achieving efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 607, 1391, 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.095 Liu, 2018, Mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheets prepared by calcining a novel supramolecular precursor for high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Appl. Surf. Sci., 450, 46, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.175 Jun, 2013, From melamine-cyanuric acid supramolecular aggregates to carbon nitride hollow spheres, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 3661, 10.1002/adfm.201203732 Arrachart, 2009, Wong Chi Man, Silylated melamine and cyanuric acid as precursors for imprinted and hybrid silica materials with molecular recognition properties, Chem. Eur. J., 15, 6279, 10.1002/chem.200900278 Montgomery, 2008, The chemistry of cyanuric acid (H3C3N3O3) under high pressure and high temperature, J. Phy. Chem. B, 112, 2644, 10.1021/jp073589y Wang, 2019, Supramolecular precursor strategy for the synthesis of holey graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, Nano Res., 12, 2385, 10.1007/s12274-019-2357-0