Understanding the effects of a self-directed exercise program on depressive symptoms among adults with arthritis through serial mediation analyses

Adams, 1999, Revised physical activity readiness questionnaire, Canadian Family Physician, 45, 992, 1004 American College of Sports, 2004, Physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1997, 10.1249/01.MSS.0000145451.08166.97 Arthritis Foundation, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999 Axford, 2010, Prevalence of anxiety and depression in osteoarthritis: Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool, Clinical Rheumatology, 29, 1277, 10.1007/s10067-010-1547-7 Bossen, 2013, The usability and preliminary effectiveness of a web-based physical activity intervention in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, 61, 10.1186/1472-6947-13-61 Bossen, 2013, Effectiveness of a web-based physical activity intervention in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: Randomized controlled trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15, e257, 10.2196/jmir.2662 Brady, 2009, Public health interventions for arthritis: Expanding the toolbox of evidence-based interventions, Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt), 18, 1905, 10.1089/jwh.2009.1571 Bruce, 2008, Comorbid depression in rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology and clinical implications, Current Psychiatry Reports, 10, 258, 10.1007/s11920-008-0042-1 Bruce, 2005, The health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 23, S14 Bruno, 2006, Effectiveness of two arthritis foundation programs: Walk with ease, and YOU can break the pain cycle, Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1, 295, 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.3.295 Cadmus, 2010, Community-based aquatic exercise and quality of life in persons with osteoarthritis, Medicine in Science and Sports Exercise, 42, 8, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ae96a9 Callahan, 2014, Evaluation of active living every day in adults with arthritis, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11, 285, 10.1123/jpah.2011-0317 Callahan, 2008, A randomized controlled trial of the people with arthritis can exercise program: Symptoms, function, physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 59, 92, 10.1002/art.23239 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007, National and state medical expenditures and lost earnings attributable to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions–United States, 2003, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56, 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation –- United States, 2007-2009, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59, 1261 Conn, 2010, Depressive symptom outcomes of physical activity interventions: Meta-Analysis findings, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 39, 128, 10.1007/s12160-010-9172-x Conn, 2008, Physical activity interventions among adults with arthritis: Meta-Analysis of outcomes, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37, 307, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.07.006 Ettinger, 1997, A randomized trial comparing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise with a health education program in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The Fitness Arthritis and Seniors Trial (FAST), Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 25, 10.1001/jama.1997.03540250033028 Fontaine, 2010, Effects of lifestyle physical activity on perceived symptoms and physical function in adults with fibromyalgia: Results of a randomized trial, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 12, R55, 10.1186/ar2967 Hayes, 2013 Hootman, 2006, Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 54, 226, 10.1002/art.21562 Hootman, 2012, A public health approach to addressing arthritis in older adults: The most common cause of disability, American Journal of Public Health, 102, 426, 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300423 Hughes, 2006, Long-term impact of Fit and Strong! on older adults with osteoarthritis, Gerontologist, 46, 801, 10.1093/geront/46.6.801 Irwin, 1999, Screening for depression in the older adult: Criterion validity of the 10-item center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D), Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 1701, 10.1001/archinte.159.15.1701 de Jong, 2003, Is a long-term high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a randomized controlled trial, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 48, 2415, 10.1002/art.11216 Knittle, 2013, Targeting motivation and self-regulation to increase physical activity among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomised controlled trial, Clinical Rheumatology, 34, 231, 10.1007/s10067-013-2425-x Kohout, 1993, Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index, Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179, 10.1177/089826439300500202 Levy, 2012, Evaluation of a multi-component group exercise program for adults with arthritis: Fitness and Exercise for People with Arthritis (FEPA), Disability and Health Journal, 5, 305, 10.1016/j.dhjo.2012.07.003 Margaretten, 2009, Predictors of depression in a multiethnic cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 61, 1586, 10.1002/art.24822 Maric, 2012, Ten ways to improve the use of statistical mediation analysis in the practice of child and adolescent treatment research, Cliical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15, 177, 10.1007/s10567-012-0114-y Matcham, 2013, The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Rheumatology, 52, 2136, 10.1093/rheumatology/ket169 Mella, 2010, Depressive symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis, Revist Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 32, 257, 10.1590/S1516-44462010005000021 Murphy, 2012, Anxiety and depression among US adults with arthritis: Prevalence and correlates, Arthritis Care and Research (Hoboken), 64, 968 Neuberger, 2007, Predictors of exercise and effects of exercise on symptoms, function, aerobic fitness, and disease outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 57, 943, 10.1002/art.22903 O'Reilly, 1999, Effectiveness of home exercise on pain and disability from osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomised controlled trial, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 58, 15, 10.1136/ard.58.1.15 Parmelee, 2012, Pain, disability, and depression in osteoarthritis: Effects of race and sex, Journal of Aging and Health, 24, 168, 10.1177/0898264311410425 Penninx, 2001, Physical exercise and the prevention of disability in activities of daily living in older persons with osteoarthritis, Archives of Internal Medicine, 161, 2309, 10.1001/archinte.161.19.2309 Radloff, 1977, The CES-D scale : A self report depression scale for research in general population, Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385, 10.1177/014662167700100306 Ritter, 2006, Measurement of pain using the visual numeric scale, Journal of Rheumatology, 33, 574 Rosemann, 2007, Predictors of depression in a sample of 1,021 primary care patients with osteoarthritis, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 57, 415, 10.1002/art.22624 Sale, 2008, The relationship between disease symptoms, life events, coping and treatment, and depression among older adults with osteoarthritis, Journal of Rheumatology, 35, 335 Sheehy, 2006, Depression in rheumatoid arthritis–underscoring the problem, Rheumatology, 45, 1325, 10.1093/rheumatology/kel231 Stewart, 2001, Champs physical activity questionnaire for older adults: Outcomes for interventions, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1126, 10.1097/00005768-200107000-00010 Wilcox, 2006, Perceived exercise barriers, enablers, and benefits among exercising and nonexercising adults with arthritis: Results from a qualitative study, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 55, 616, 10.1002/art.22098 Wilcox, 2015, The steps to health randomized trial for arthritis: A self-directed exercise versus nutrition control program, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48, 1, 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.006 Wittayanukorn, 2014, Prevalence of depressive symptoms and predictors of treatment among US adults from 2005 to 2010, General Hospital Psychiatry, 36, 330, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.12.009