Organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes: Fouling reversibility and cleaning without chemical reagents

Elimelech, 2006, The global challenge for adequate and safe water, J. Water Supply Res. Technol.: Aqua., 55, 3, 10.2166/aqua.2005.064

Shannon, 2008, Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades, Nature, 452, 301, 10.1038/nature06599

Jin, 2009, Role of specific ion interactions in seawater RO membrane fouling by alginic acid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3580, 10.1021/es8036498

Shon, 2008, Comparison of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to seawater reverse osmosis: detailed analyses of molecular weight distribution of organic matter in initial stage, J. Membr. Sci., 320, 151, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.063

Zhou, 2009, Surface modification of thin film composite polyamide membranes by electrostatic self deposition of polycations for improved fouling resistance, Sep. Purif. Technol., 66, 287, 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.12.021

Asatekin, 2006, Antifouling nanofiltration membranes for membrane bioreactors from self-assembling graft copolymers, J. Membr. Sci., 285, 81, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.07.042

Vrouwenveder, 2009, A critical flux to avoid biofouling of spiral wound nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes: fact or fiction?, J. Membr. Sci., 326, 36, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.09.029

Ang, 2007, Protein (BSA) fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: implications for wastewater reclamation, J. Membr. Sci., 296, 83, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.018

Ang, 2006, Chemical and physical aspects of cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 272, 198, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.07.035

Cath, 2006, Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments, J. Membr. Sci., 281, 70, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.05.048

Kravath, 1975, Desalination of seawater by direct osmosis, Desalination, 16, 151, 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)82089-5

McGinnis, 2007, Energy requirements of ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis desalination, Desalination, 207, 370, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.012

Cath, 2005, Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space. Part I. Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 257, 85, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.08.039

Aaberg, 2003, Osmotic power—a new and powerful renewable energy source, ReFocus, 4, 48, 10.1016/S1471-0846(04)00045-9

Lee, 1981, Membranes for power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 8, 141, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)82088-8

McGinnis, 2007, A novel ammonia–carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation, J. Membr. Sci., 305, 13, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.027

Cartinella, 2006, Removal of natural steroid hormones from wastewater using membrane contactor processes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7381, 10.1021/es060550i

Cath, 2005, Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space. II. Combined direct osmosis, osmotic distillation, and membrane distillation for treatment of metabolic wastewater, J. Membr. Sci., 257, 111, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.07.039

Holloway, 2007, Forward osmosis for concentration of anaerobic digester centrate, Water Res., 41, 4005, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.054

Jiao, 2004, Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review, J. Food Eng., 63, 303, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.08.003

Garcia-Castello, 2009, Performance evaluation of sucrose concentration using forward osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 338, 61, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.04.011

Achilli, 2009, The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: a low fouling alternative to MBR processes, Desalination, 239, 10, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.02.022

Cornelissen, 2008, Membrane fouling and process performance of forward osmosis membranes on activated sludge, J. Membr. Sci., 319, 158, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.048

Mi, 2008, Chemical and physical aspects of organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 320, 292, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.036

Herzberg, 2009, Role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4393, 10.1021/es900087j

Herzberg, 2007, Biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes: role of biofilm-enhanced osmotic pressure, J. Membr. Sci., 295, 11, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.024

Lee, 2006, Relating organic fouling of reverse osmosis membranes to intermolecular adhesion forces, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 980, 10.1021/es051825h

McCutcheon, 2005, A novel ammonia–carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process, Desalination, 174, 1, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002

Li, 2004, Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes: measurements and mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4683, 10.1021/es0354162

Lee, 2007, Salt cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes, Water Res., 41, 1134, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.043

Psoch, 2006, Anti-fouling application of air sparging and backflushing for MBR, J. Membr. Sci., 283, 273, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.042

Ndinisa, 2006, Fouling control in a submerged flat sheet membrane system. Part II. Two-phase flow characterization and CFD simulations, Sep. Sci. Technol., 41, 1411, 10.1080/01496390600633915

Zhang, 2009, Effect of bubble size and frequency on mass transfer in flat sheet MBR, J. Membr. Sci., 332, 30, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.01.033

Elimelech, 1997, Role of membrane surface morphology in colloidal fouling of cellulose acetate and composite aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 127, 101, 10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00351-1

Hoek, 2002, Influence of membrane surface morphology on colloid-membrane DLVO interactions, Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc., 223, U512

Hoek, 2003, Effect of membrane surface roughness on colloid-membrane DLVO interactions, Langmuir, 19, 4836, 10.1021/la027083c

Hong, 1997, Chemical and physical aspects of natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 132, 159, 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00060-4

Ang, 2008, Fatty acid fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: implications for wastewater reclamation, Water Res., 42, 4393, 10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.032

Bowen, 2002, Atomic force microscopy studies of membrane–solute interactions (fouling), Desalination, 146, 97, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00496-4

Bowen, 1999, Characterisation of membrane surfaces: direct measurement of biological adhesion using an atomic force microscope, J. Membr. Sci., 154, 205, 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00287-7

Brant, 2004, Colloidal adhesion to hydrophilic membrane surfaces, J. Membr. Sci., 241, 235, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.04.036

Frank, 1997, Intermolecular forces between extracellular polysaccharides measured using the atomic force microscope, Langmuir, 13, 6234, 10.1021/la9620723

Frank, 2003, Polysaccharides and sticky membrane surfaces: critical ionic effects, J. Membr. Sci., 212, 205, 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00502-1

Hilal, 2006, A review of atomic force microscopy applied to cell interactions with membranes, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 84, 282, 10.1205/cherd05053

Hilal, 2002, (Bio)fouling of polymeric membranes: atomic force microscope study, Eng. Life Sci., 2, 131, 10.1002/1618-2863(200205)2:5<131::AID-ELSC131>3.0.CO;2-G

Hilal, 2003, Using atomic force microscopy towards improvement in nanofiltration membranes properties for desalination pre-treatment: a review, Desalination, 157, 137, 10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00393-X

Ma, 2008, Spectral force analysis using atomic force microscopy reveals the importance of surface heterogeneity in bacterial and colloid adhesion to engineered surfaces, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 62, 232, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.10.007

Levy, 2004, Probing adsorbed polymer chains using atomic force microscopy: interpretation of rupture distributions, J. Phys. Condens Matter, 16, 7199, 10.1088/0953-8984/16/41/003

Butt, 2005, Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: technique, interpretation and applications, Surf. Sci. Rep., 59, 1, 10.1016/j.surfrep.2005.08.003