Retention versus export food chains: processes controlling sinking loss from marine pelagic systems
Tóm tắt
The role of export and retention food chains forpelagic-benthic coupling is considered by evaluatingdifferent food chain scenarios and processes such asaggregation, grazing and zooplankton-mediated fluxes.The consequences of grazing of primary production bydifferent zooplankton for the vertical export ofparticulate organic matter from the euphotic zone arediscussed. Reference is made to existing data andalgorithms regarding primary production and verticalexport of carbon from the euphotic zone, both onannual and daily time scales. Examples regarding therole of nutrient addition, removal of pelagiccarnivores and zooplankton grazing for vertical fluxare presented. It is speculated how variable grazingimpact of micro- and mesozooplankton, as well asherbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous feedingstrategies of mesozooplankton could compete withaggregation during phytoplankton blooms and influenceexport fluxes. It is concluded that the transport ofparticulate organic matter to depth not only dependson bottom-up regulation as determined by physicalforcing, but also on the structure and function of theprevailing planktonic food web. Scenarios arepresented which indicate that top-down regulationplays a pivotal role for the regulation of verticalflux. This conclusion may have crucial consequencesfor future biogeochemical programmes investigatingpelagic-benthic coupling in the ocean. The endeavoursof many research programmes are dominated by lines ofthought where straightforward biogeochemistry andbottom-up regulation is the focus. Phyto- andzooplankton as well as process-oriented researchactivities have to be the focal point of futureresearch if the current comprehension of export fromand retention in the upper layers is going to makedistinct progress.
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