Riparian plant species loss alters trophic dynamics in detritus-based stream ecosystems

APHA (American Public Health Association) (1989) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 17th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington DC Arsuffi TL, Suberkropp K (1984) Leaf processing capabilities of aquatic hyphomycetes: interspecific differences and influence on shredder feeding preferences. Oikos 42:144–154 Arsuffi TL, Suberkropp K (1988) Effects of fungal mycelia and enzymatically degraded leaves on feeding and performance of caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae. J N Am Benthol Soc 7:205–211 Bandoni RJ (1981) Aquatic hyphomycetes from terrestrial litter. In: Wicklow OT, Carroll GC (eds) The fungal community: its organization and role in the ecosystem. Marcel Dekker, New York Bärlocher F (1992) Community organization. In: Bärlocher F (ed) The ecology of aquatic hyphomycetes. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 38–76 Bärlocher F, Corkum M (2003) Nutrient enrichment overwhelms diversity effects in leaf decomposition by stream fungi. Oikos 101:247–252 Bärlocher F, Graça MAS (2002) Exotic riparian vegetation lowers fungal diversity but not leaf decomposition in Portuguese streams. Freshwat Biol 47:1123–1136 Bärlocher F, Kendrick B (1973) Fungi and food preferences of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus. Arch Hydrobiol 72:501–516 Bärlocher F, Kendrick B (1975) Leaf-conditioning by microorganisms. Oecologia 20:359–362 Boulton AJ, Boon PI (1991) A review of methodology used to measure leaf litter decomposition in lotic environments: time to turn over an old leaf? Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 42:1–43 Canhoto C, Graça MAS (1995) Food value of introduced eucalypt leaves for Mediterranean stream detritivore: Tipula lateralis. Freshwat Biol 34:209–214 Cargill ASI, Cummins KW, Hanson BJ, Lowry RR (1985) The role of lipids as feeding stimulant for shredding aquatic insects. Freshwat Biol 15:455–464 Chamier A-C (1985) Cell-wall-degrading enzymes of aquatic hyphomycetes: a review. Bot J Lin Soc 91:67–81 Chapin FS, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, Naylor RL, Vitousek PM, Reynolds HL, Hooper DU, Lavorel S, Sala OE, Hobbie SE, Mack MC, Diaz S (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 480:234–242 Chauvet E, Suberkropp K (1998) Temperature and sporulation of aquatic hyphomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:1522–1525 Cummins KW, Wilzbach MA, Gates DM, Perry JB, Taliaferro WB (1989) Shredders and riparian vegetation. Bioscience 39:24–30 Felten V (2003) Effets de l’acidification des ruisseaux vosgiens sur la biologie, l’écologie et l’écophysiologie de Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835 (Crustacea Amphipoda): Approche intégrée à différents niveaux d’organisation. Ph-D Thesis, University of Metz Fisher PJ, Petrini O, Webster J (1991) Aquatic hyphomycetes and other fungi in living aquatic and terrestrial roots of Alnus glutinosa. Mycol Res 95:543–547 Friberg N, Larsen AD, Rodkaer A, Thomsen AG (2002) Shredder guilds in three Danish forest streams contrasting in forest type. Arch Hydrobiol 153:197–215 Gessner MO, Bärlocher F, Chauvet E (2003) Biomass, growth and sporulation of aquatic hyphomycetes. In: Tsui CKM, Hyde KD (eds) Freshwater mycology. Fungal diversity Press, Hong Kong, pp 127–157 Gessner MO, Chauvet E (1994) Importance of stream microfungi in controlling breakdown rates of leaf litter. Ecology 75:1807–1817 Gessner MO, Schmitt AL (1996) Use of solid-phase extraction to determine ergosterol concentrations in plant tissue colonized by fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:415–419 Gjerløv C, Richardson JS (2004) Patchy resources in a heterogeneous environment: effects of leaf litter and forest cover on colonisation patterns of invertebrates in a British Columbian stream. Arch Hydrobiol 161:307–327 González JM, Graça MAS (2003) Conversion of leaf litter to secondary production by a shredding caddis-fly. Freshwat Biol 48:1578–1592 Graça MAS (2001) The role of invertebrate on leaf litter decomposition in streams — a Review. Int Rev Hydrobiol 86:383–393 Graça MAS, Maltby L, Calow P (1993a) Importance of fungi in the diet of Gammarus pulex and Asellus aquaticus. I: feeding strategies. Oecologia 93:139–144 Graça MAS, Maltby L, Calow P (1993b) Importance of fungi in the diet of Gammarus pulex and Asellus aquaticus. II: Effects on growth, reproduction and physiology. Oecologia 96:304–309 Gulis V (2001) Are there any substrate preferences in aquatic hyphomycetes? Mycol Res 105:1088–1093 Hieber M, Gessner MO (2002) Contribution of stream detritivores, fungi, and bacteria to leaf breakdown based on biomass estimates. Ecology 83:1026–1038 Hölscher D, Hertel D, Koenies H (2002) Soil nutrient supply and biomass production in a mixed forest on a skeleton-rich soil and an adjacent beech forest. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 165:668–674 Hooper DU, Bignell DE, Brown VK, Brussaard L, Dangerfield JM, Wall DH, Wardle DA, Coleman DC, Giller KE, Lavelle P, Van der Putten WH, de Ruiter PC, Rusek J, Silver WL, Tiedge JM, Wolters V (2000) Interaction between aboveground and belowground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms, and feedbacks. Bioscience 50:1049–1061 Jonsson M, Malmqvist B, Hoffsten PO (2001) Leaf litter breakdown rates in boreal streams: does shredder species richness matter? Freshwat Biol 46:161–171 Jonsson M, Malmqvist B (2000) Ecosystem process rate increases with animal species richness: evidence from leaf-eating, aquatic insects. Oikos 89:519–523 Kowalski T, Kehr RD (1996) Fungal endophytes of living branch bases in several European tree species. In: Redlin SC, Carris LM (eds) Endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants: systematics, ecology and evolution. APS Press, St Paul Minnesota, pp 67–86 Laitung B, Chauvet E (2005) Vegetation diversity increases species richness of leaf decaying fungal communities in woodland streams. Arch Hydrobiol (in press) Laitung B, Pretty JL, Chauvet E, Dobson M (2002) Response of aquatic hyphomycete communities to enhanced stream retention in areas impacted by commercial forestry. Freshwat Biol 47:313–324 Loreau M (2001) Microbial diversity, producer–decomposer interactions and ecosystem processes: a theoretical model. Proc R Soc Lond B 268:303–309 Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P (eds) (2002) Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: synthesis and perspectives. Oxford University Press, Oxford United Kingdom Motomizu S, Wakimoto T, Toei K (1983) Spectrophotometric determination of phosphate in river waters with molybdate and malachite green. Analyst 108:361–367 Petersen RC, Cummins KW (1974) Leaf processing in a woodland stream. Freshwat Biol 4:343–368 Petrini O (1996) Ecological and physiological aspects of host-specificity in endophytic fungi. In: Redlin SC, Carris LM (eds) Endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants: systematics, ecology and evolution. APS Press, St Paul Minnesota, pp 87–100 Polis GA, Anderson WB, Holt RD (1997) Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 28:289–316 Pimm SL, Russel GJ, Gittleman JL, Brooks TM (1995) The future of biodiversity. Science 269:347–350 Pringle CM, Naiman RJ, Bretschko G, Karr JR, Oswood MW, Webster JR, Welcomme RL, Winterbourn MJ (1988) Patch dynamics in lotic systems: the stream as a mosaic. J N Am Benthol Soc 7:503–524 Raffaelli D, van der Putten WH, Persson L, Wardle DA, Petchey OL, Koricheva J, van der Heijden M, Mikola J, Kennedy T (2002) Multi-trophic dynamics and ecosystem processes. In: Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P (eds) Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: synthesis and perspectives. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp 147–154 Rowe L, Richardson JS (2001) Community responses to experimental food depletion: resource tracking by stream invertebrates. Oecologia 129:473–480 Scheu S, Simmberling F (2004) Growth and reproduction of fungal feeding Collembola as affected by fungal species, melanin and mixed diets. Oecologia 139: 347–353 Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. ATT Tech J 27:379–423 Sridhar KR, Bärlocher F (1992) Endophytic aquatic hyphomycetes of roots of spruce, birch and maple. Mycol Res 96:305–308 Sridhar KR, Krauss G, Bärlocher F, Raviraja NS, Wennrich R, Baumbach R, Krauss GJ (2001) Decomposition of alder leaves in two heavy metal-polluted streams in central Germany. Aquat Microb Ecol 26:73–80 StatSoft (2001) STATISTICA (data analysis software system). Version 6. www.statsoft.com Stout BM, Benfield EF, Webster JR (1993) Effects of a forest disturbance on shredder production in southern Appalachian headwater streams. Freshwat Biol 29:59–69 Suberkropp K (1991) Relationships between growth and sporulation of aquatic hyphomycetes on decomposing leaf litter. Mycol Res 95:843–850 Suberkropp K (1992) Interaction with invertebrates. In: Bärlocher F (ed) (1992) The ecology of aquatic hyphomycetes. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 118–134 Suberkropp K (2003) Methods for examining interactions between freshwater fungi and macroinvertebrates. In: Tsui CKM, Hyde KD (eds) Freshwater mycology. Fungal diversity Press, Hong Kong, pp 159–171 Swan CM, Palmer MA (2004) Leaf diversity alters litter breakdown in a piedmont stream. J N Am Benthol Soc 23:15–28 Tachet H, Bournand M, Richoux P, Usseglio-Polatera P (eds) (2000) Invertébrés d’eau douce. CNRS Publishers, Paris Thébault E, Loreau M (2003) Food web constraints on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:14949–14954 Thioulouse J, Chessel D, Dolédec S, Olivier JM (1997) ADE-4: a multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Stat Comput 7:75–83 Treton C, Chauvet E, Charcosset JY (2004) Competitive interaction between two aquatic hyphomycete species and increase in leaf litter breakdown. Microb Ecol 48:439–446 Vannote RL, Minshall GW, Cummins JR, Sedell JR, Cushing CE (1980) The river continuum concept. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:130–137 Wallace JB, Eggert SL, Meyer JL, Webster JR (1997) Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial inputs. Science 277:102–104 Ward GM, Cummins KW (1979) Effect of food quality on growth of a stream detritivore, Paratendipes albimanus (Meigen) (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ecology 60:57–64 Webster JR, Benfield EF (1986) Vascular plant breakdown in freshwater ecosystems. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17:567–594 Wright DH (1983) Species-energy theory: an extension of species-area theory. Oikos 41:496–506 Yanoviak SP (1999) Effects of leaf litter species on macroinvertebrate community properties and mosquito yield in Neotropical tree hole microcosms. Oecologia 120:147–155 Zhang Y, Negishi JN, Richardson JS, Kolodziejczyk R (2003) Impact of marine-derived nutrients on stream ecosystem functioning. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:2117–2123