SR-BI as a target of natural products and its significance in cancer

Calvo, 1993, Identification, primary structure, and distribution of CLA-1, a novel member of the CD36/LIMPII gene family, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 18929, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46716-0 Linton, 2017, SR-BI: A Multifunctional Receptor in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Atherosclerosis, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 28, 461, 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.001 Phillips, 2014, Molecular mechanisms of cellular cholesterol efflux, J. Biol. Chem., 289, 24020, 10.1074/jbc.R114.583658 Williams, 1999, Scavenger receptor BI and cholesterol trafficking, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 10, 329, 10.1097/00041433-199908000-00007 Meyer, 2013, New developments in selective cholesteryl ester uptake, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 24, 386, 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283638042 Shen, 2018, Scavenger receptor B type 1: expression, molecular regulation, and cholesterol transport function, J. Lipid Res., 59, 1114, 10.1194/jlr.R083121 Connelly, 2004, Scavenger receptor BI: a scavenger receptor with a mission to transport high density lipoprotein lipids, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 15, 287, 10.1097/00041433-200406000-00008 Valacchi, 2011, Scavenger receptor class B type I: a multifunctional receptor, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1229, E1, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06205.x Reaven, 1984, Morphological evidence that high density lipoproteins are not internalized by steroid-producing cells during in situ organ perfusion, J. Clin. Invest., 74, 1384, 10.1172/JCI111549 Reaven, 2000, Expression and microvillar localization of scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) and selective cholesteryl ester uptake in Leydig cells from rat testis, J. Lipid Res., 41, 343, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34473-4 Reaven, 1998, Expression and microvillar localization of scavenger receptor, class B, type I (a high density lipoprotein receptor) in luteinized and hormone-desensitized rat ovarian models, Endocrinology, 139, 2847, 10.1210/endo.139.6.6056 Babitt, 1997, A high density lipoprotein receptor that mediates selective lipid uptake, is N-glycosylated and fatty acylated and colocalizes with plasma membrane caveolae, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 13242, 10.1074/jbc.272.20.13242 Peng, 2004, Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) clustered on microvillar extensions suggests that this plasma membrane domain is a way station for cholesterol trafficking between cells and high-density lipoprotein, Mol. Biol. Cell, 15, 384, 10.1091/mbc.e03-06-0445 Reaven, 2001, Expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI) promotes microvillar channel formation and selective cholesteryl ester transport in a heterologous reconstituted system, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 1613, 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1613 Reaven, 2006, Consequences of over-expression of rat Scavenger Receptor, SR-BI, in an adrenal cell model, Nutr. Metab. (Lond), 3, 43, 10.1186/1743-7075-3-43 Connelly, 2001, Analysis of chimeric receptors shows that multiple distinct functional activities of scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI), are localized to the extracellular receptor domain, Biochemistry, 40, 5249, 10.1021/bi002825r Shen, 2018, SR-B1: A Unique Multifunctional Receptor for Cholesterol Influx and Efflux, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 80, 95, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121550 Hoekstra, 2017, Rediscovering scavenger receptor type BI: surprising new roles for the HDL receptor, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 28, 255, 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000413 Mooberry, 2016, Targeting the SR-B1 receptor as a gateway for Cancer therapy and imaging, Front. Pharmacol., 7, 10.3389/fphar.2016.00466 Rajora, 2016, Targeting SR-BI for Cancer diagnostics, imaging and therapy, Front. Pharmacol., 7, 326, 10.3389/fphar.2016.00326 Atanasov, 2015, Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review, Biotechnol. Adv., 33, 1582, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001 Dias, 2012, A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery, Metabolites, 2, 303, 10.3390/metabo2020303 Cragg, 2013, Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1830, 3670, 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008 Acton, 1996, Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor, Science, 271, 518, 10.1126/science.271.5248.518 Rigotti, 1997, A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 12610, 10.1073/pnas.94.23.12610 Chen, 2000, Scavenger receptor-BI inhibits ATP-binding cassette transporter 1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 30794, 10.1074/jbc.M004552200 Kozarsky, 1997, Overexpression of the HDL receptor SR-BI alters plasma HDL and bile cholesterol levels, Nature, 387, 414, 10.1038/387414a0 Rigotti, 2003, The role of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI in the lipid metabolism of endocrine and other tissues, Endocr. Rev., 24, 357, 10.1210/er.2001-0037 Ji, 2011, Scavenger receptor SR-BI in macrophage lipid metabolism, Atherosclerosis, 217, 106, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.017 Trigatti, 1999, Influence of the high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI on reproductive and cardiovascular pathophysiology, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 9322, 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9322 Van Eck, 2008, Scavenger receptor BI facilitates the metabolism of VLDL lipoproteins in vivo, J. Lipid Res., 49, 136, 10.1194/jlr.M700355-JLR200 Zhang, 2005, Hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a positive regulator of macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, J. Clin. Invest., 115, 2870, 10.1172/JCI25327 Yancey, 2000, High density lipoprotein phospholipid composition is a major determinant of the bi-directional flux and net movement of cellular free cholesterol mediated by scavenger receptor BI, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 36596, 10.1074/jbc.M006924200 Ji, 1997, Scavenger receptor BI promotes high density lipoprotein-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 20982, 10.1074/jbc.272.34.20982 Luo, 2010, A novel model of cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded cells, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 31, 1243, 10.1038/aps.2010.93 Cai, 2008, SR-BI protects against endotoxemia in mice through its roles in glucocorticoid production and hepatic clearance, J. Clin. Invest., 118, 364, 10.1172/JCI31539 Guo, 2009, Scavenger receptor BI protects against septic death through its role in modulating inflammatory response, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 19826, 10.1074/jbc.M109.020933 Khovidhunkit, 2011, A genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans, N. Engl. J. Med., 364 Vergeer, 2011, Genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans, N. Engl. J. Med., 364, 136, 10.1056/NEJMoa0907687 Van Eck, 2007, Increased oxidative stress in scavenger receptor BI knockout mice with dysfunctional HDL, Arterioscl Throm Vas, 27, 2413, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.145474 Tao, 2015, Macrophage SR-BI mediates efferocytosis via Src/PI3K/Rac1 signaling and reduces atherosclerotic lesion necrosis, J. Lipid Res., 56, 1449, 10.1194/jlr.M056689 Yuhanna, 2001, High-density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Nat. Med., 7, 853, 10.1038/89986 Li, 2002, High density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 11058, 10.1074/jbc.M110985200 Mineo, 2003, High density lipoprotein-induced endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation is mediated by Akt and MAP kinases, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 9142, 10.1074/jbc.M211394200 Feng, 2011, Deficiency of scavenger receptor BI leads to impaired lymphocyte homeostasis and autoimmune disorders in mice, Arterioscl Throm Vas, 31, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.234716 Holm, 2002, Failure of red blood cell maturation in mice with defects in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI, Blood, 99, 1817, 10.1182/blood.V99.5.1817.h8001817_1817_1824 Meurs, 2005, HDL cholesterol levels are an important factor for determining the lifespan of erythrocytes, Exp. Hematol., 33, 1309, 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.07.004 Ma, 2010, Scavenger receptor BI modulates platelet reactivity and thrombosis in dyslipidemia, Blood, 116, 1932, 10.1182/blood-2010-02-268508 van der Stoep, 2014, High-density lipoprotein as a modulator of platelet and coagulation responses, Cardiovasc. Res., 103, 362, 10.1093/cvr/cvu137 Pfeiler, 2016, Distinct surveillance pathway for immunopathology during acute infection via autophagy and SR-BI, Sci Rep-Uk, 6 Liao, 2012, Macrophage autophagy plays a protective role in advanced atherosclerosis, Cell Metab., 15, 545, 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.022 Linton, 2016, Macrophage apoptosis and Efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, Circ. J., 80, 2259, 10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0924 Kotani, 2013, High-density lipoprotein and prostate Cancer: an overview, J. Epidemiol., 23, 313, 10.2188/jea.JE20130006 Vilchez, 2014, The real role of prediagnostic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the cancer risk: a concise review, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 44, 103, 10.1111/eci.12185 Lebdai, 2018, Metabolic syndrome and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with adverse pathological features in patients with prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy, Urol Oncol-Semin Ori, 36 Ruscica, 2018, High density lipoproteins inhibit oxidative stress-induced prostate Cancer cell proliferation, Sci Rep-Uk, 8 Picataggi, 2013, A coding variant in SR-BI (I179N) significantly increases atherosclerosis in mice, Mamm. Genome, 24, 257, 10.1007/s00335-013-9459-x Zanoni, 2016, C. Global Lipids Genetics, Rare variant in scavenger receptor BI raises HDL cholesterol and increases risk of coronary heart disease, Science, 351, 1166, 10.1126/science.aad3517 Samadi, 2019, Rare P376L variant in the SR-BI gene associates with HDL dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease, Clin. Biochem., 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.06.014 Helgadottir, 2018, Rare SCARB1 mutations associate with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with coronary artery disease, Eur. Heart J., 39, 2172, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy169 Leon, 2010, Alterations in Cholesterol Regulation Contribute to the Production of Intratumoral Androgens During Progression to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in a Mouse Xenograft Model, Prostate, 70, 390, 10.1002/pros.21072 Griffiths, 2019, Additional pathways of sterol metabolism: evidence from analysis of Cyp27a1-/- mouse brain and plasma, Biochim Biophys Acta. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1864, 191, 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.006 Wang, 2018, Unravelling new pathways of sterol metabolism: lessons learned from in-born errors and cancer, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 21, 90, 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000442 Marwarha, 2017, 27-hydroxycholesterol: a novel player in molecular carcinogenesis of breast and prostate cancer, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 207, 108, 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.012 Alfaqih, 2017, CYP27A1 loss dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis in prostate Cancer, Cancer Res., 77, 1662, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2738 Baek, 2017, The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells, Nat. Commun., 8, 10.1038/s41467-017-00910-z Schorghofer, 2015, The HDL receptor SR-BI is associated with human prostate cancer progression and plays a possible role in establishing androgen independence, Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 13, 10.1186/s12958-015-0087-z Danilo, 2013, Scavenger receptor class B type I regulates cellular cholesterol metabolism and cell signaling associated with breast cancer development, Breast Cancer Res., 15, 10.1186/bcr3483 Zheng, 2013, Scavenger receptor B1 is a potential biomarker of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its growth is inhibited by HDL-mimetic nanoparticles, Theranostics, 3, 477, 10.7150/thno.6617 Pussinen, 2000, The human breast carcinoma cell line HBL-100 acquires exogenous cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein via CLA-1 (CD-36 and LIMPII analogous 1)-mediated selective cholesteryl ester uptake, Biochem. J., 349, 559, 10.1042/bj3490559 Gwynne, 1989, Rat adrenal uptake and metabolism of high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 8141, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83161-1 Mooberry, 2016, Targeting the SR-B1 receptor as a gateway for Cancer therapy and imaging, Front. Pharmacol., 7, 10.3389/fphar.2016.00466 Wadsack, 2003, Selective cholesteryl ester uptake from high density lipoprotein by human first trimester and term villous trophoblast cells, Placenta, 24, 131, 10.1053/plac.2002.0912 Wang, 2018, Low scavenger receptor class B type I expression is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma tumor aggressiveness, Oncol. Lett., 15, 4604 Graf, 2013, 17 beta-Estradiol promotes the up-regulation of SR-BII in HepG2 cells and in rat livers (vol 42, pg 1444, 2001), J. Lipid Res., 54 Mooberry, 2010, Receptor mediated uptake of paclitaxel from a synthetic high density lipoprotein nanocarrier, J. Drug Target., 18, 53, 10.3109/10611860903156419 Shahzad, 2011, Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA using reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles, Neoplasia, 13, 10.1593/neo.101372 Cao, 2004, A mutant high-density lipoprotein receptor inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells, Cancer Res., 64, 1515, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-0675 Twiddy, 2012, Knockdown of scavenger receptor Class B Type I reduces prostate specific antigen secretion and viability of prostate cancer cells, Prostate, 72, 955, 10.1002/pros.21499 Kinslechner, 2019, Loss of SR-BI down-regulates MITF and suppresses extracellular vesicle release in human melanoma, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20, 10.3390/ijms20051063 Silver, 2002, A carboxyl-terminal PDZ-interacting domain of scavenger receptor B, type I is essential for cell surface expression in liver, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 34042, 10.1074/jbc.M206584200 Bretscher, 2002, ERM proteins and merlin: integrators at the cell cortex, Nature reviews, Molecular cell biology, 3, 586 Hu, 2013, Regulation of expression and function of scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) by Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factors (NHERFs), J. Biol. Chem., 288, 11416, 10.1074/jbc.M112.437368 Nakamura, 2005, Regulation of SR-BI protein levels by phosphorylation of its associated protein, PDZK1, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 13404, 10.1073/pnas.0506679102 Kocher, 2003, Targeted disruption of the PDZK1 gene in mice causes tissue-specific depletion of the high density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor class B type I and altered lipoprotein metabolism, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 52820, 10.1074/jbc.M310482200 Ghosh, 2000, PDZK1 and GREB1 are estrogen-regulated genes expressed in hormone-responsive breast cancer, Cancer Res., 60, 6367 Kim, 2013, PDZK1 Is a Novel Factor in Breast Cancer That Is Indirectly Regulated by Estrogen through IGF-1R and Promotes Estrogen-Mediated Growth, Mol Med, 19, 253, 10.2119/molmed.2011.00001 Shimizu, 2011, PDZK1 regulates breast Cancer resistance protein in small intestine, Drug Metab. Dispos., 39, 2148, 10.1124/dmd.111.040295 Noy, 2014, Tumor-Associated Macrophages: From Mechanisms to Therapy (vol 41, pg 49, 2014), Immunity, 41, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.021 Chanmee, 2014, Tumor-associated macrophages as major players in the tumor microenvironment, Cancers, 6, 1670, 10.3390/cancers6031670 van Steenwijk, 2013, Tumor-infiltrating CD14-positive myeloid cells and CD8-positive T-cells prolong survival in patients with cervical carcinoma, Int. J. Cancer, 133, 2884 Zhang, 2019, Phagocytosis mediated by scavenger receptor class BI promotes macrophage transition during skeletal muscle regeneration, J. Biol. Chem., 294, 15672, 10.1074/jbc.RA119.008795 Goossens, 2019, Membrane cholesterol efflux drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming and tumor progression, Cell Metab., 29, 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.016 Kaneda, 2017, PI3K gamma is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression (vol 539, pg 437, 2016), Nature, 542, 10.1038/nature21026 Huang, 2016, Metabolic reprogramming mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 signaling Axis Is essential for macrophage alternative activation, Immunity, 45, 817, 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.016 Rauh, 2005, SHIP represses the generation of alternatively activated macrophages, Immunity, 23, 361, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.003 Babaev, 2018, Loss of Rictor in Monocyte/Macrophages suppresses their proliferation and viability reducing atherosclerosis in LDLR null mice, Front. Immunol., 9, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00215 Galandrini, 2002, SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP-1) transiently translocates to raft domains and modulates CD16-mediated cytotoxicity in human NK cells, Blood, 100, 4581, 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1058 Wang, 2019, Targeting foam cell formation in atherosclerosis: therapeutic potential of natural products, Pharmacol. Rev., 71, 596, 10.1124/pr.118.017178 Hiebl, 2018, Natural products as modulators of the nuclear receptors and metabolic sensors LXR, FXR and RXR, Biotechnol. Adv., 36, 1657, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.003 Malerod, 2002, Oxysterol-activated LXRalpha/RXR induces hSR-BI-promoter activity in hepatoma cells and preadipocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 299, 916, 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02760-2 Briand, 2016, Liver X receptor regulates triglyceride absorption through intestinal down-regulation of scavenger receptor class B, type 1, Gastroenterology, 150, 650, 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.015 Dong, 2019, Activation of FXR by obeticholic acid induces hepatic gene expression of SR-BI through a novel mechanism of transcriptional synergy with the nuclear receptor LXR, Int. J. Mol. Med., 43, 1927 Grefhorst, 2012, Pharmacological LXR activation reduces presence of SR-B1 in liver membranes contributing to LXR-mediated induction of HDL-cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, 222, 382, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.014 Chandra, 2008, Structure of the intact PPAR-gamma-RXR- nuclear receptor complex on DNA, Nature, 456, 350, 10.1038/nature07413 Lopez, 2006, Activation of the rat scavenger receptor class B type I gene by PPARalpha, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 251, 67, 10.1016/j.mce.2006.02.011 Malerod, 2003, Hepatic scavenger receptor class B, type I is stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 305, 557, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00819-2 Spady, 1999, Polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulate hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) expression and HDL cholesteryl ester uptake in the hamster, J. Lipid Res., 40, 1384, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)33380-0 Chinetti, 2000, CLA-1/SR-BI is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages and regulated by activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Circulation, 101, 2411, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.20.2411 Mardones, 2003, Fibrates down-regulate hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I protein expression in mice, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 7884, 10.1074/jbc.M211627200 Lan, 2005, Fenofibrate induces a novel degradation pathway for scavenger receptor B-I independent of PDZK1, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 23390, 10.1074/jbc.M502777200 Forcheron, 2002, Mechanisms of the triglyceride- and cholesterol-lowering effect of fenofibrate in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients, Diabetes, 51, 3486, 10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3486 Ahmed, 2009, Human scavenger receptor class B type 1 is regulated by activators of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma in hepatocytes, Endocrine, 35, 233, 10.1007/s12020-008-9142-2 Toh, 2011, PPARγ activation redirects macrophage cholesterol from fecal excretion to adipose tissue uptake in mice via SR-BI, Biochem. Pharmacol., 81, 934, 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.012 Malerod, 2005, Bile acids reduce SR-BI expression in hepatocytes by a pathway involving FXR/RXR, SHP, and LRH-1, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 336, 1096, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.237 Leiva, 2011, Mechanisms regulating hepatic SR-BI expression and their impact on HDL metabolism, Atherosclerosis, 217, 299, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.036 Claudel, 2002, Bile acid-activated nuclear receptor FXR suppresses apolipoprotein A-I transcription via a negative FXR response element, J. Clin. Invest., 109, 961, 10.1172/JCI0214505 Wu, 2019, Farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 indirectly inhibits HCV entry into cells via down-regulating scavenger receptor class B type I, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 853, 111, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.033 Zhang, 2010, Identification of novel pathways that control farnesoid X receptor-mediated hypocholesterolemia, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 3035, 10.1074/jbc.M109.083899 Dong, 2017, Regulation of lipid metabolism by obeticholic acid in hyperlipidemic hamsters, J. Lipid Res., 58, 350, 10.1194/jlr.M070888 Li, 2012, Farnesoid X receptor induces murine scavenger receptor Class B type I via intron binding, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0035895 Chao, 2010, Upregulation of scavenger receptor class B type I expression by activation of FXR in hepatocyte, Atherosclerosis, 213, 443, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.016 Lambert, 2003, The farnesoid X-receptor is an essential regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 2563, 10.1074/jbc.M209525200 Norata, 2005, Liver X receptor and retinoic X receptor agonists modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in human endothelial cells, Int. J. Mol. Med., 16, 717 Lopez, 1999, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1a binds to cis elements in the promoter of the rat high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI gene, Endocrinology, 140, 5669, 10.1210/endo.140.12.7220 Shea-Eaton, 2001, Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1a regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene, Endocrinology, 142, 1525, 10.1210/endo.142.4.8075 Lopez, 2002, Estrogen activates the high-density lipoprotein receptor gene via binding to estrogen response elements and interaction with sterol regulatory element binding protein-1A, Endocrinology, 143, 2155, 10.1210/endo.143.6.8855 Treguier, 2004, Transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 regulates scavenger receptor Cla-1 gene expression, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 24, 2358, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000147896.69299.85 Niemeier, 2009, Atherogenic diet leads to posttranslational down-regulation of murine hepatocyte SR-BI expression, Atherosclerosis, 202, 169, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.018 Ansari, 2013, MLL histone methylases regulate expression of HDLR-SR-B1 in presence of estrogen and control plasma cholesterol in vivo, Mol. Endocrinol., 27, 92, 10.1210/me.2012-1147 Landschulz, 1996, Regulation of scavenger receptor, class B, type I, a high density lipoprotein receptor, in liver and steroidogenic tissues of the rat, J. Clin. Invest., 98, 984, 10.1172/JCI118883 Stangl, 2002, Effect of estrogen on scavenger receptor BI expression in the rat, J. Endocrinol., 175, 663, 10.1677/joe.0.1750663 Ghaffari, 2018, Estrogen inhibits LDL (Low-Density lipoprotein) transcytosis by human coronary artery endothelial cells via GPER (G-Protein-Coupled estrogen receptor) and SR-BI (Scavenger receptor class B type 1), Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 38, 2283, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.310792 Lopez, 2006, Estrogen regulation of the scavenger receptor class B gene: Anti-atherogenic or steroidogenic, is there a priority?, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 247, 22, 10.1016/j.mce.2005.10.005 Cao, 1997, Structure and localization of the human gene encoding SR-BI/CLA-1. Evidence for transcriptional control by steroidogenic factor 1, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 33068, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33068 Lopez, 1999, Steroidogenic factor-1 mediates cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate regulation of the high density lipoprotein receptor, Endocrinology, 140, 3034, 10.1210/endo.140.7.6846 Cao, 1999, Developmental and hormonal regulation of murine scavenger receptor, class B, type 1, Mol. Endocrinol., 13, 1460, 10.1210/mend.13.9.0346 Zhang, 2011, Upregulation of scavenger receptor BI by hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanism in liver, PPAR Res., 2011, 10.1155/2011/164925 Schoonjans, 2002, Liver receptor homolog 1 controls the expression of the scavenger receptor class B type I, EMBO Rep., 3, 1181, 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf238 Yu, 2010, The transcription factor prolactin regulatory element-binding protein mediates prolactin transcription induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in GH3 cells, Endocrine, 38, 53, 10.1007/s12020-010-9343-3 Murao, 2008, The transcriptional factor prolactin regulatory element-binding protein mediates the gene transcription of adrenal scavenger receptor class B type I via 3’,5’-cyclic adenosine 5’-monophosphate, Endocrinology, 149, 6103, 10.1210/en.2008-0380 Lee, 2018, FoxO transcription factors are required for hepatic HDL cholesterol clearance, J. Clin. Invest., 128, 1615, 10.1172/JCI94230 Lopez, 2001, DAX-1 represses the high-density lipoprotein receptor through interaction with positive regulators sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1a and steroidogenic factor-1, Endocrinology, 142, 5097, 10.1210/endo.142.12.8523 Shi, 1997, Everything you have ever wanted to know about Yin Yang 1, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1332, F49 Shea-Eaton, 2001, 1 protein negatively regulates high-density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription by disrupting binding of sterol regulatory element binding protein to the sterol regulatory element, Endocrinology, 142, 49, 10.1210/endo.142.1.7868 Sporstol, 2005, Pregnane X receptor-agonists down-regulate hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and scavenger receptor class B type I, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 331, 1533, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.071 de Haan, 2009, PXR agonism decreases plasma HDL levels in ApoE3-Leiden.CETP mice, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1791, 191, 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.12.008 Murao, 2008, Interferon alpha decreases expression of human scavenger receptor class BI, a possible HCV receptor in hepatocytes, Gut, 57, 664, 10.1136/gut.2006.111443 Hu, 2016, Cell-specific polymorphism and hormonal regulation of DNA methylation in scavenger receptor class B, type I, DNA Cell Biol., 35, 280, 10.1089/dna.2015.3185 Sun, 1999, Regulation of adrenal scavenger receptor-BI expression by ACTH and cellular cholesterol pools, J. Lipid Res., 40, 1799, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34896-3 Rigotti, 1996, Regulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone of the in vivo expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein receptor, in steroidogenic cells of the murine adrenal gland, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 33545, 10.1074/jbc.271.52.33545 Lucki, 2012, Sphingosine-1-phosphate rapidly increases cortisol biosynthesis and the expression of genes involved in cholesterol uptake and transport in H295R adrenocortical cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 348, 165, 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.003 Shen, 2016, ACTH regulation of adrenal SR-B1, Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne), 7, 42, 10.3389/fendo.2016.00042 Mavridou, 2010, Feedback inhibition of human scavenger receptor class B type I gene expression by glucocorticoid in adrenal and ovarian cells, Endocrinology, 151, 3214, 10.1210/en.2009-1302 Sporstol, 2007, ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI: hormonal regulation in primary rat hepatocytes and human cell lines, BMC Mol. Biol., 8, 5, 10.1186/1471-2199-8-5 Yu, 2007, Regulation of scavenger receptor class BI gene expression by angiotensin II in vascular endothelial cells, Hypertension, 49, 1378, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.082479 Wolf, 2005, Angiotensin II down-regulates the SR-BI HDL receptor in proximal tubular cells, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 20, 1222, 10.1093/ndt/gfh727 Pilon, 2003, Regulation of the scavenger receptor BI and the LDL receptor by activators of aldosterone production, angiotensin II and PMA, in the human NCI-H295R adrenocortical cell line, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1631, 218, 10.1016/S1388-1981(03)00020-9 Fuentes, 2018, Insulin increases cholesterol uptake, lipid droplet content, and apolipoprotein B secretion in CaCo-2 cells by upregulating SR-BI via a PI3K, AKT, and mTOR-dependent pathway, J. Cell. Biochem. Hayashi, 2011, Intestinal SR-BI is upregulated in insulin-resistant states and is associated with overproduction of intestinal apoB48-containing lipoproteins, American journal of physiology, Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 301, 10.1152/ajpgi.00425.2010 Tang, 2012, PAPP-A negatively regulates ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-B1 expression by inhibiting LXRalpha through the IGF-I-mediated signaling pathway, Atherosclerosis, 222, 344, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.005 Cao, 2004, Insulin-like growth factor-i regulation of hepatic scavenger receptor class BI, Endocrinology, 145, 5540, 10.1210/en.2004-0330 Tang, 2019, Pregnancy-associated plasma Protein-A accelerates atherosclerosis by regulating reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation, Circ. J., 83, 515, 10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0700 Johansson, 2005, Selective thyroid receptor modulation by GC-1 reduces serum lipids and stimulates steps of reverse cholesterol transport in euthyroid mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 10297, 10.1073/pnas.0504379102 Vieira-van Bruggen, 1998, Induction of adrenal scavenger receptor BI and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesteryl ether uptake by in vivo inhibition of hepatic lipase, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 32038, 10.1074/jbc.273.48.32038 Wang, 1996, Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is up-regulated in adrenal gland in apolipoprotein A-I and hepatic lipase knock-out mice as a response to depletion of cholesterol stores, In vivo evidence that SR-BI is a functional high density lipoprotein receptor under feedback control, J Biol Chem, 271, 21001 Langer, 2002, Testosterone up-regulates scavenger receptor BI and stimulates cholesterol efflux from macrophages, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 296, 1051, 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02038-7 Lundasen, 2003, Leptin induces the hepatic high density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) but not cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 43224, 10.1074/jbc.M302645200 Wu, 2015, Increased DNA methylation of scavenger receptor class B type I contributes to inhibitory effects of prenatal caffeine ingestion on cholesterol uptake and steroidogenesis in fetal adrenals, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 285, 89, 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.028 Towns, 2005, The role of cyclic AMP response element binding protein in transactivation of scavenger receptor class B type I promoter in transfected cells and in primary cultures of rat theca-interstitial cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 245, 23, 10.1016/j.mce.2005.09.013 Lobo, 2015, Liver growth factor induces testicular regeneration in EDS-treated rats and increases protein levels of class B scavenger receptors, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 308, 10.1152/ajpendo.00329.2014 Casado, 2012, HSL-knockout mouse testis exhibits class B scavenger receptor upregulation and disrupted lipid raft microdomains, J. Lipid Res., 53, 2586, 10.1194/jlr.M028076 Moheimani, 2011, Effect of exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages to high, versus normal, glucose on subsequent lipid accumulation from glycated and acetylated low-density lipoproteins, Exp. Diabetes Res., 2011, 10.1155/2011/851280 Ravid, 2008, Modulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption by high glucose levels: impact on cholesterol transporters, regulatory enzymes, and transcription factors, American journal of physiology, Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 295, 10.1152/ajpgi.90376.2008 Murao, 2008, Hyperglycemia suppresses hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I expression, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 294, E78, 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2007 Gantman, 2010, High glucose stimulates macrophage SR-BI expression and induces a switch in its activity from cholesterol efflux to cholesterol influx, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 391, 523, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.091 Ren, 2018, MicroRNA-24 aggravates atherosclerosis by inhibiting selective lipid uptake from HDL cholesterol via the post-transcriptional repression of scavenger receptor class B type I, Atherosclerosis, 270, 57, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.045 Wang, 2018, Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-24 regulates cholesterol uptake and lipid metabolism by targeting SR-B1, Gene, 668, 196, 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.072 Wang, 2013, MicroRNAs 185, 96, and 223 repress selective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake through posttranscriptional inhibition, Mol. Cell. Biol., 33, 1956, 10.1128/MCB.01580-12 Hu, 2012, MicroRNAs 125a and 455 repress lipoprotein-supported steroidogenesis by targeting scavenger receptor class B type I in steroidogenic cells, Mol. Cell. Biol., 32, 5035, 10.1128/MCB.01002-12 Liu, 2018, MicroRNA-217 attenuates intima-media complex thickness of ascending aorta measured by ultrasound bio-microscopy and inhibits inflammation and lipid metabolism in atherosclerotic models of ApoE(-/-) mice, Lipids Health Dis., 17, 170, 10.1186/s12944-018-0825-2 Kocher, 2003, Targeted disruption of the PDZK1 gene in mice causes tissue-specific depletion of the high density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor class B type I and altered lipoprotein metabolism, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 52820, 10.1074/jbc.M310482200 Ferreira, 2019, The nuclear receptors PXR and LXR are regulators of the scaffold protein PDZK1, Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech, 1862, 447, 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.02.007 Wang, 2014, Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma): a review, Biochem. Pharmacol., 92, 73, 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018 El-Houri, 2015, Identification of PPARgamma agonists from natural sources using different in Silico approaches, Planta Med., 81, 488 Zeka, 2015, Petals of Crocus sativus L. As a potential source of the antioxidants crocin and kaempferol, Fitoterapia, 107, 128, 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.014 Zeka, 2017, Flavonoids and their metabolites: prevention in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, Diseases, 5, 19, 10.3390/diseases5030019 Dei Cas, 2018, Cancer prevention and therapy with polyphenols: sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms, Nutrients, 10, 10.3390/nu10070940 Marin, 2015, Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota metabolism: antimicrobial properties, Biomed Res. Int., 2015, 10.1155/2015/905215 Millar, 2017, Effects of dietary flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport, HDL metabolism, and HDL function, Adv. Nutr., 8, 226, 10.3945/an.116.014050 Ren, 2018, Quercetin induces the selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol via promoting SR-BI expression and the activation of the PPARgamma/LXRalpha pathway, Food Funct., 9, 624, 10.1039/C7FO01107E Li, 2013, Kaempferol suppresses lipid accumulation in macrophages through the downregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 and the upregulation of scavenger receptor class B type I and ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1, Int. J. Mol. Med., 31, 331, 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1204 Erna Susanti, 2019, Catechins green tea upregulates the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SRB1 in rats induced atherogenic diet, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 9, 091, 10.7324/JAPS.2019.90313 Zhao, 2015, The polyphenol PGG enhances expression of SR-BI and ABCA1 in J774 and THP-1 macrophages, Atherosclerosis, 242, 611, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.025 Hostetler, 2017, Flavones: food sources, bioavailability, metabolism, and bioactivity, Adv. Nutr., 8, 423, 10.3945/an.116.012948 Serreli, 2018, Biological relevance of extra virgin olive oil polyphenols metabolites, Antioxidants, 7, 10.3390/antiox7120170 Kim, 2012, Inhibitory effects of luteolin on transendothelial migration of monocytes and formation of lipid-laden macrophages, Nutrition, 28, 1044, 10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.003 Saibabu, 2015, Therapeutic potential of dietary phenolic acids, Adv. Pharmacol. Sci., 2015 Uto-Kondo, 2010, Coffee consumption enhances high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, Circ. Res., 106, 779, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.206615 Park, 2011, Dietary ellagic acid attenuates oxidized LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages, J. Nutr., 141, 1931, 10.3945/jn.111.144816 Chen, 2013, Quality assessment of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) grown on Prince Edward Island as a source of resveratrol, J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 6383, 10.1021/jf4019239 Rauf, 2018, Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: a review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 58, 1428, 10.1080/10408398.2016.1263597 Kulkarni, 2015, The molecular targets of resveratrol, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1852, 1114, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.005 Bonnefont-Rousselot, 2016, Resveratrol and cardiovascular diseases, Nutrients, 8, 10.3390/nu8050250 Sticozzi, 2014, Resveratrol protects SR-B1 levels in keratinocytes exposed to cigarette smoke, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 69, 50, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.007 Voloshyna, 2013, Resveratrol mediates anti-atherogenic effects on cholesterol flux in human macrophages and endothelium via PPARgamma and adenosine, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 698, 299, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.024 Vang, 2011, What is new for an old molecule? Systematic review and recommendations on the use of resveratrol, PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0019881 Halliwell, 2007, Dietary polyphenols: good, bad, or indifferent for your health?, Cardiovasc. Res., 73, 341, 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.10.004 Habauzit, 2012, Evidence for a protective effect of polyphenols-containing foods on cardiovascular health: an update for clinicians, Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis., 3, 87, 10.1177/2040622311430006 Del Rio, 2013, Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 18, 1818, 10.1089/ars.2012.4581 Menezes, 2017, Impact of flavonols on cardiometabolic biomarkers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled human trials to explore the role of inter-individual variability, Nutrients, 9, 10.3390/nu9020117 van Dam, 2013, Dietary flavonoids and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: review of recent findings, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 24, 25, 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835bcdff Wedick, 2012, Dietary flavonoid intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 95, 925, 10.3945/ajcn.111.028894 Arai, 2000, Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration, J. Nutr., 130, 2243, 10.1093/jn/130.9.2243 Onakpoya, 2014, The effect of green tea on blood pressure and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 24, 823 Pounis, 2016, Polyphenol intake is associated with low-grade inflammation, using a novel data analysis from the Moli-sani study, Thromb. Haemost., 115, 344, 10.1160/th15-06-0487 Rizzi, 2016, Interaction between polyphenols intake and PON1 gene variants on markers of cardiovascular disease: a nutrigenetic observational study, J. Transl. Med., 14, 186, 10.1186/s12967-016-0941-6 Kar, 2009, Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity, Diabet. Med., 26, 526, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02727.x Zibadi, 2008, Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation, Nutr. Res., 28, 315, 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.003 Chiva-Blanch, 2013, Effects of red wine polyphenols and alcohol on glucose metabolism and the lipid profile: a randomized clinical trial, Clin. Nutr., 32, 200, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.022 Stensvold, 1992, Tea consumption. Relationship to cholesterol, blood pressure, and coronary and total mortality, Prev. Med., 21, 546, 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90062-M Basu, 2010, Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipids, and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 29, 31, 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719814 Brown, 2011, Health effects of green tea catechins in overweight and obese men: a randomised controlled cross-over trial, Br. J. Nutr., 106, 1880, 10.1017/S0007114511002376 Bhatt, 2012, Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Nutr. Res., 32, 537, 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.003 Bashmakov, 2014, Resveratrol promotes foot ulcer size reduction in type 2 diabetes patients, ISRN Endocrinol., 2014, 10.1155/2014/816307 Rodenas, 2005, Dietary exchange of an olive oil and sunflower oil blend for extra virgin olive oil decreases the estimate cardiovascular risk and LDL and apolipoprotein AII concentrations in postmenopausal women, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 24, 361, 10.1080/07315724.2005.10719486 Movahed, 2013, Antihyperglycemic effects of short term resveratrol supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients, Evid. Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013 Fantini, 2015, In vitro and in vivo antitumoral effects of combinations of polyphenols, or polyphenols and anticancer drugs: perspectives on cancer treatment, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 9236, 10.3390/ijms16059236 Paller, 2015, A phase I study of muscadine grape skin extract in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: safety, tolerability, and dose determination, Prostate, 75, 1518, 10.1002/pros.23024 Cassidy, 2014, Intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 100, 1344, 10.3945/ajcn.114.088708 Shafabakhsh, 2019, Quercetin: a natural compound for ovarian cancer treatment, J. Ovarian Res., 12, 55, 10.1186/s13048-019-0530-4 Wu, 2018, Prenatal caffeine ingestion induces long-term alterations in scavenger receptor class B type I expression and glucocorticoid synthesis in adult male offspring rat adrenals, Food Chem. Toxicol., 120, 24, 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.056 Hagel, 2013, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism: a century of discovery and a brave new world, Plant Cell Physiol., 54, 647, 10.1093/pcp/pct020 Feng, 2019, Berberine in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics, Theranostics, 9, 1923, 10.7150/thno.30787 Guan, 2010, Effects of berberine on expression of LOX-1 and SR-BI in human macrophage-derived foam cells induced by ox-LDL, Am. J. Chin. Med. (Gard City N Y), 38, 1161, 10.1142/S0192415X10008548 Millard, 2018, Dietary choline and betaine; associations with subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk and incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease and stroke: the Jackson Heart Study, Eur. J. Nutr., 57, 51, 10.1007/s00394-016-1296-8 Day, 2016, Betaine chemistry, roles, and potential use in liver disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1860, 1098, 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.001 Cai, 2016, Maternal betaine supplementation throughout gestation and lactation modifies hepatic cholesterol metabolic genes in weaning piglets via AMPK/LXR-Mediated pathway and histone modification, Nutrients, 8, 10.3390/nu8100646 Lakshman, 2014, Novel modulators of hepatosteatosis, inflammation and fibrogenesis, Hepatol. Int., 8, 413, 10.1007/s12072-014-9526-8 Wei, 2016, The therapeutic effect of Berberine in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis, Evid. Complement. Alternat. Med., 2016 Lan, 2015, Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension, J. Ethnopharmacol., 161, 69, 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049 Weng, 2010, A systematic review and meta-analysis on the therapeutic equivalence of statins, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 35, 139, 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01085.x Kong, 2004, Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins, Nat. Med., 10, 1344, 10.1038/nm1135 Marazzi, 2011, Long-term effects of nutraceuticals (berberine, red yeast rice, policosanol) in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients, Adv. Ther., 28, 1105, 10.1007/s12325-011-0082-5 Affuso, 2010, Effects of a nutraceutical combination (berberine, red yeast rice and policosanols) on lipid levels and endothelial function randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 20, 656, 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.017 Perez-Rubio, 2013, Effect of berberine administration on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord., 11, 366, 10.1089/met.2012.0183 Affuso, 2012, A nutraceutical combination improves insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome, World J. Cardiol., 4, 77, 10.4330/wjc.v4.i3.77 Derosa, 2013, Effects of berberine on lipid profile in subjects with low cardiovascular risk, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 13, 475, 10.1517/14712598.2013.776037 Dong, 2013, The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Planta Med., 79, 437, 10.1055/s-0032-1328321 Zhang, 2010, Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression, Metab. Clin. Exp., 59, 285, 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.029 Ying, 2013, Associations between dietary intake of choline and betaine and lung cancer risk, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0054561 Zhou, 2017, Higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine are associated with a lower risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study, Sci. Rep., 7, 679, 10.1038/s41598-017-00773-w Sun, 2016, Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies, Sci. Rep., 6, 35547, 10.1038/srep35547 Hashibe, 2015, Coffee, tea, caffeine intake, and the risk of cancer in the PLCO cohort, Br. J. Cancer, 113, 809, 10.1038/bjc.2015.276 Styrczewska, 2013, Flax terpenoid pathway as a source of health promoting compounds, Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 13, 353 Wahab, 2016, Merosesquiterpene congeners from the australian sponge Hyrtios digitatus as potential drug leads for atherosclerosis disease, Mar. Drugs, 15, 10.3390/md15010006 Reboul, 2019, Mechanisms of Carotenoid Intestinal Absorption: Where Do We Stand?, Nutrients, 11, 10.3390/nu11040838 Choi, 2006, A dynamic expression survey identifies transcription factors relevant in mouse digestive tract development, Development, 133, 4119, 10.1242/dev.02537 Lobo, 2010, ISX is a retinoic acid-sensitive gatekeeper that controls intestinal beta,beta-carotene absorption and vitamin A production, FASEB J., 24, 1656, 10.1096/fj.09-150995 Ateba, 2018, Natural terpenoids against female breast Cancer: a 5-year recent research, Curr. Med. Chem., 25, 3162, 10.2174/0929867325666180214110932 Salehi, 2019, Phytochemicals in prostate Cancer: from bioactive molecules to upcoming therapeutic agents, Nutrients, 11, 10.3390/nu11071483 Wan, 2018, A new meroterpenoid functions as an anti-tumor agent in hepatoma cells by downregulating mTOR activation and inhibiting EMT, Sci Rep-Uk, 8, 13152, 10.1038/s41598-018-31409-2 Kasbi Chadli, 2013, Omega 3 fatty acids promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in hamster fed high fat diet, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0061109 Farras, 2013, Olive oil polyphenols enhance the expression of cholesterol efflux related genes in vivo in humans. A randomized controlled trial, J. Nutr. Biochem., 24, 1334, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.10.008 Konig, 2006, Differential action of 13-HPODE on PPARalpha downstream genes in rat Fao and human HepG2 hepatoma cell lines, J. Nutr. Biochem., 17, 410, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.08.011 Kammerer, 2011, 13-hydroxy linoleic acid increases expression of the cholesterol transporters ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI and stimulates apoA-I-dependent cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages, Lipids Health Dis., 10, 222, 10.1186/1476-511X-10-222 Surette, 2008, The science behind dietary omega-3 fatty acids, CMAJ, 178, 177, 10.1503/cmaj.071356 Pownall, 1999, Correlation of serum triglyceride and its reduction by omega-3 fatty acids with lipid transfer activity and the neutral lipid compositions of high-density and low-density lipoproteins, Atherosclerosis, 143, 285, 10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00301-3 Harris, 1997, Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia, J. Cardiovasc. Risk, 4, 385, 10.1177/174182679700400511 Davidson, 2007, Efficacy and tolerability of adding prescription omega-3 fatty acids 4 g/d to simvastatin 40 mg/d in hypertriglyceridemic patients: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Clin. Ther., 29, 1354, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.07.018 Brasky, 2010, Specialty supplements and breast cancer risk in the VITamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 19, 1696, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0318 Higurashi, 2012, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) efficacy for colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF): a double-blind randomized controlled trial, BMC Cancer, 12, 413, 10.1186/1471-2407-12-413 Nabavi, 2015, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer: lessons learned from clinical trials, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 34, 359, 10.1007/s10555-015-9572-2 Fernandez, 1995, Distinct mechanisms of plasma LDL lowering by dietary fiber in the guinea pig: specific effects of pectin, guar gum, and psyllium, J. Lipid Res., 36, 2394, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)39720-0 Favier, 1998, The cholesterol-lowering effect of guar gum in rats is not accompanied by an interruption of bile acid cycling, Lipids, 33, 765, 10.1007/s11745-998-0268-9 Landin, 1992, Guar gum improves insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fibrinolysis in healthy men, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 1061, 10.1093/ajcn/56.6.1061 Rideout, 2007, Guar gum consumption increases hepatic nuclear SREBP2 and LDL receptor expression in pigs fed an atherogenic diet, J. Nutr., 137, 568, 10.1093/jn/137.3.568 Yu, 2015, Scavenger Receptors: Emerging Roles in Cancer Biology and Immunology, Adv. Cancer Res., 128, 309, 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.04.004 Acton, 1999, Association of polymorphisms at the SR-BI gene locus with plasma lipid levels and body mass index in a white population, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 19, 1734, 10.1161/01.ATV.19.7.1734 Brunham, 2011, Novel mutations in scavenger receptor BI associated with high HDL cholesterol in humans, Clin. Genet., 79, 575, 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01682.x Hsu, 2003, Association between a novel 11-base pair deletion mutation in the promoter region of the scavenger receptor class B type I gene and plasma HDL cholesterol levels in Taiwanese Chinese, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 23, 1869, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000082525.84814.A9 Roberts, 2007, Variants in scavenger receptor class B type I gene are associated with HDL cholesterol levels in younger women, Hum. Hered., 64, 107, 10.1159/000101962 Picataggi, 2013, A coding variant in SR-BI (I179N) significantly increases atherosclerosis in mice, Mamm. Genome, 24, 257, 10.1007/s00335-013-9459-x Niemsiri, 2014, Impact of genetic variants in human scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) on plasma lipid traits, Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet., 7, 838, 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000559 Morabia, 2004, Population-based study of SR-BI genetic variation and lipid profile, Atherosclerosis, 175, 159, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.03.014 Helgadottir, 2018, Rare SCARB1 mutations associate with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with coronary artery disease, Eur. Heart J., 39, 2172, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy169 Arts, 2001, Catechin intake might explain the inverse relation between tea consumption and ischemic heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 227, 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.227 Varatharajalu, 2014, Adverse signaling of scavenger receptor class B1 and PGC1s in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis and protection by betaine in rat, Am. J. Pathol., 184, 2035, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.005