Smad3-Dependent Induction of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Astrocytes Mediates Neuroprotective Activity of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 against NMDA-Induced Necrosis

Boyd, 1989, Transforming growth factor-β inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation linked to the expression of a 53-kDa membrane receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 2272, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)94172-4 Buisson, 1998, Up-regulation of a serine protease inhibitor in astrocytes mediates the neuroprotective activity of transforming growth factor-β1, FASEB J., 12, 1683, 10.1096/fasebj.12.15.1683 Carmeliet, 1993, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene-deficient mice. I. Generation by homologous recombination and characterization, J. Clin. Invest., 92, 2746, 10.1172/JCI116892 Choi, 1992, Excitotoxic cell death, J. Neurobiol., 23, 1261, 10.1002/neu.480230915 Cinelli, 2001, Neuroserpin, a neuroprotective factor in focal ischemic stroke, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 18, 443, 10.1006/mcne.2001.1028 Dennler, 1998, Direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to critical TGF-β-inducible elements in the promoter of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 gene, EMBO J., 17, 3091, 10.1093/emboj/17.11.3091 Docagne, 1999, Transforming growth factor-β1 as a regulator of the serpins/t-PA axis in cerebral ischemia, FASEB J., 13, 1315, 10.1096/fasebj.13.11.1315 Fiumelli, 1999, BDNF stimulates expression, activity and release of tissue-type plasminogen activator in mouse cortical neurons, Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 1639, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00580.x Flanders, 1995, Altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta in Alzheimer's disease, Neurology, 45, 1561, 10.1212/WNL.45.8.1561 Heldin, 1997, TGF-β signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins, Nature, 390, 465, 10.1038/37284 Henrich-Noack, 1996, TGF-β1 protects hippocampal neurons against degeneration caused by transient global ischemia. Dose–response relationship and potential neuroprotective mechanisms, Stroke, 27, 1609, 10.1161/01.STR.27.9.1609 Koh, 1987, Quantitative determination of glutamate-mediated cortical neuronal injury in cell culture by lactate dehydrognase efflux assay, J. Neurosci. Methods, 20, 83, 10.1016/0165-0270(87)90041-0 Krupinski, 1996, Increased expression of TGF-β1 in brain tissue after ischemic stroke in humans, Stroke, 27, 852, 10.1161/01.STR.27.5.852 Mogi, 1995, Transforming growth factor-β1 levels are elevated in the striatum and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson's disease, Neurosci. Lett., 193, 129, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11686-Q Nagai, 1999, Role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction: a gene targeting and gene transfer study in mice, Circulation, 99, 2440, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.18.2440 Nakao, 1997, TGF-β receptor-mediated signalling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4, EMBO J., 16, 5353, 10.1093/emboj/16.17.5353 Nicole, 2001, The proteolytic activity of tissue-plasminogen activator enhances NMDA receptor-mediated signaling, Nat. Med., 7, 59, 10.1038/83358 Polyak, 1994, Cloning of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a potential mediator of extracellular antimitogenic signals, Cell, 78, 59, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90572-X Prehn, 1993, Transforming growth factor-β1 prevents glutamate neurotoxicity in rat neocortical cultures and protects mouse neocortex from ischemic injury in vivo, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 3, 521, 10.1038/jcbfm.1993.67 Rogister, 1990, Enhanced release of plasminogen activator inhibitor(s) but not of plasminogen activators by cultured rat glial cells treated with interleukin-1, Glia, 3, 252, 10.1002/glia.440030404 Rogister, 1988, Brain basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates the release of plasminogen activators by newborn rat cultured astroglial cells, Neurosci. Lett., 91, 321, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90700-8 Rose, 1993, Cytotoxicity in murine cortical cell culture, 46 1995, N. Engl. J. Med., 333, 1581, 10.1056/NEJM199512143332401 Treichel, 1998, Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA accumulation by basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 in cultured rat astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 71, 1944, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71051944.x Tsirka, 1997, Clinical implications of the involvement of tPA in neuronal cell death, J. Mol. Med., 75, 341, 10.1007/s001090050119 Tsirka, 1995, Excitotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration and seizure are mediated by tissue plasminogen activator, Nature, 377, 340, 10.1038/377340a0 Tsirka, 1997, An extracellular proteolytic cascade promotes neuronal degeneration in the mouse hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 17, 543, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00543.1997 Vivien, 1995, Signaling activity of homologous and heterologous transforming growth factor-β receptor kinase complexes, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 7134, 10.1074/jbc.270.13.7134 Wang, 1998, Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) increases neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia in wild-type and tPA-deficient mice, Nat. Med., 4, 228, 10.1038/nm0298-228 Westerhausen, 1991, Multiple transforming growth factor-β-inducible elements regulate expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene in Hep G2 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 1092, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)35287-0