Pharmacological effects of methamphetamine and alpha-PVP vapor and injection

Aarde, 2015, In vivo potency and efficacy of the novel cathinone α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: self-administration and locomotor stimulation in male rats, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 232, 3045, 10.1007/s00213-015-3944-8 Anglin, 2000, History of the methamphetamine problem, J. Psychoact. Drugs, 32, 137, 10.1080/02791072.2000.10400221 Baumann, 2013, Psychoactive bath salts: not so soothing, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 698, 1, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.020 Beebe, 1995, Smokable methamphetamine (‘ice’): an old drug in a different form?, Am. Fam. Phys., 51, 449 Bowen, 1996, Functional observational battery comparing effects of ethanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, ether, and flurothyl, Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 18, 577, 10.1016/0892-0362(96)00064-5 Brandt, 2010, Analyses of second-generation ‘legal highs’ in the UK: initial findings, Drug Test. Anal., 2, 377, 10.1002/dta.155 Carr, 1989, Conditioned place preference as a measure of drug reward, 264 Chen, 1994, Pulmonary effects of the cocaine pyrolysis product methylecgonidine, in guinea pigs, Life Sci., 56, PL7, 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00410-T Cherng, 2007, Methamphetamine-disrupted sensory processing mediates conditioned place preference performance?, Behav. Brain Res., 182, 103, 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.05.010 Dewey, 1999, A pharmacologic strategy for the treatment of nicotine addiction, Synapse, 31, 76, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199901)31:1<76::AID-SYN10>3.0.CO;2-Y EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction), 2015 Fairchild, 1972, Measurement of respiratory volume for virus retention studies in mice, Appl. Microbiol., 24, 812, 10.1128/AEM.24.5.812-818.1972 Fischman, 1989, Relationship between self-reported drug effects and their reinforcing effects: studies with stimulant drugs, NIDA Res. Monogr., 92, 211 Fratantonio, 2015, Designer drugs: a synthetic catastrophe?, J. Reward Defic. Syndr., 1, 82, 10.17756/jrds.2015-014 Gatch, 2015, Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 354, 103, 10.1124/jpet.115.223586 Gayton-Ely, 2007, Application of a pyroprobe to simulate smoking and metabolic degradation of abused drugs through analytical pyrolysis, J. Forensic Sci., 52, 473, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00371.x Hatsukami, 1996, Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride: are the differences myth or reality?, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 276, 1580, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540190052029 Hueza, 2016, A new exposure model to evaluate smoked illicit drugs in rodents: a study of crack cocaine, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 77, 17, 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.003 Jeffcoat, 1989, Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection nasal insufflation (snorting), or smoking, Drug Metab. Dispos., 17, 153 Johnson, 2014, Investigation of bath salts use patterns within an online sample of users in the United States, J. Psychoactive Drugs, 46, 369, 10.1080/02791072.2014.962717 Karila, 2011, GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences, Drug Test. Anal., 3, 552, 10.1002/dta.210 Kavanagh, 2013, ‘Smoking’ mephedrone: the identification of the pyrolysis products of 4-methylmethcathinone hydrochloride, Drug Test. Anal., 5, 291, 10.1002/dta.1373 Le Foll, 2005, Nicotine induces conditioned place preferences over a large range of doses in rats, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 178, 481, 10.1007/s00213-004-2021-5 Marusich, 2012, Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in bath salts on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice, Neurotoxicology, 33, 1305, 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.003 Marusich, 2014, Pharmacology of novel synthetic stimulants structurally related to the bath salts constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Neuropharmacology, 87, 206, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.016 Marusich, 2016, The new psychoactive substances 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole (5-IT) and 6-(2-aminopropyl) indole (6-IT) interact with monoamine transporters in brain tissue, Neuropharmacology, 101, 68, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.004 Matsumoto, 2002, Methamphetamine in Japan: the consequences of methamphetamine abuse as a function of route of administration?, Addiction, 97, 809, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00143.x McKetin, 2008, Characteristics and harms associated with injecting versus smoking methamphetamine among methamphetamine treatment entrants, Drug Alcohol Rev., 27, 277, 10.1080/09595230801919486 Meng, 1997, Inhalation studies with drugs of abuse, NIDA Res. Monogr., 173, 201 Meng, 1999, Pharmacological effects of methamphetamine and other stimulants via inhalation exposure?, Drug Alcohol Depend., 53, 111, 10.1016/S0376-8716(98)00120-3 Milesi-Hallé, 2005, Sex-and dose-dependency in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of (+)-methamphetamine and its metabolite (+)-amphetamine in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 209, 203, 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.007 National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS), 2015 National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS), 2015 National Research Council, 2011 Psychonaut, 2009 Rambousek, 2014, Sex differences in methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in adult rats and its transfer to pups through the placental membrane and breast milk, Drug Alcohol Depend., 139, 138, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.023 Rass, 2015, Characterizing use patterns and perceptions of relative harm in dual users of electronic and tobacco cigarettes, Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 23, 494, 10.1037/pha0000050 Rickli, 2015, Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones, Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 25, 365, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.012 Sato, 2004, Analysis of pyrolysis products of methamphetamine, J. Anal. Toxicol., 28, 638, 10.1093/jat/28.8.638 Scheidweiler, 2003, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methylecgonidine, a crack cocaine pyrolyzate, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 307, 1179, 10.1124/jpet.103.055434 Schifano, 2011, Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone; ‘meow’): chemical, pharmacological and clinical issues, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 214, 593, 10.1007/s00213-010-2070-x Schindler, 2002, Gender differences in the behavioral effects of methamphetamine?, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 442, 231, 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01550-9 Sekine, 1987, Abuse of smoking methamphetamine mixed with tobacco: I. Inhalation efficiency and pyrolysis products of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci., 32, 1271, 10.1520/JFS11178J Shanks, 2012, Analysis of first and second generation legal highs for synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic stimulants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Toxicol., 36, 360, 10.1093/jat/bks047 Shimosato, 2000, Simultaneous monitoring of conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization following repeated administration of cocaine and methamphetamine?, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 66, 285, 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00185-4 Tzschentke, 1998, Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: a comprehensive review of drug effects, recent progress and new issues, Prog. Neurobiol., 56, 613, 10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00060-4 United States Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration (2014) Federal Register, Vol. 79, No. DEA-386, Friday, January 28, 2014/Rules and regulations. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2013 U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control, 2014 U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control, 2015 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S EPA), 1998 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), 1998 Winstock, 2010, Legal highs and the challenges for policy makers, Addiction, 105, 1685, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02934.x Winstock, 2011, Mephedrone, new kid for the chop?, Addiction, 106, 154, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03130.x Zakharova, 2009, Differential effects of methamphetamine and cocaine on conditioned place preference and locomotor activity in adult and adolescent male rats, Behav. Brain Res., 198, 45, 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.019