A Study on Flexural Properties of Sandwich Structures with Fiber/Metal Laminate Face Sheets
Tóm tắt
In this work, a new family of sandwich structures with fiber metal laminate (FML) faces is investigated. FMLs have benefits over both metal and fiber reinforced composites. To investigate the bending properties of sandwich beams with FML faces and compare with similar sandwich beams with fibrous composite faces, 6 groups of specimen with different layer arrangements were made and tested. Results show that FML faces have good resistance against transverse local loads and minimize stress concentration and local deformations of skin and core under the loading tip. In addition, FML faces have a good integrity even after plateau region of foam cores and prevent from catastrophic failures, which cannot be seen in fibrous composite faces. Also, FML faces are lighter than metal faces and have better connection with foam cores. Sandwich beams with FML faces have a larger elastic region because of simultaneous deformation of top and bottom faces and larger failure strain thanks to good durability of FMLs. A geometrical nonlinear classical theory is used to predict force-deflection behavior. In this model an explicit formula between symmetrical sandwich beams deflections and applied force which can be useful for designers, is derived. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical predictions and experimental results. Also, analytical results are compared with small deformation solution in a parametric study, and the effects of geometric parameters on difference between linear and nonlinear results are discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Vinson, J.R.: The Behavior of Sandwich Structures of Isotropic and Composite Materials. Technomic, Lancaster (1999)
Daniel, I.M., Gdoutos, E.E., Rajapakse, Y.D.S.: Major Accomplishments in Composite Materials and Sandwich Structures. Springer, Dordrecht (2009)
Allen, H.G.: Analysis and Design of Structural Sandwich Panels. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1969)
Abrate, S.: Impact on Composite Structures. Cambridge, Cambridge (1998)
Carlsson, L.A., Kardomateas, G.A.: Structural and Failure Mechanics of Sandwich Composites. Springer, Atlanta (2011)
Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G., Fleck, N.A., Gibson, L.J., Hutchinson, J.W., Wadley, H.N.G.: Metal Foams: A Design Guide. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston (2000)
Sadighi, M., Saadati, M.: Unequal faces effect on fracture of composite sandwich beam with flexible core. Appl. Compos. Mater. 17, 111–120 (2010)
Vlot, A., Gunnink, J.W.: Fibre Metal Laminate: An Introduction. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2001)
Sinmazcelik, T., Avcu, E., Bora, M., Coban, O.: A review: fibre metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Mater. Des. 32, 3671–3685 (2011)
Van Rooijen, R., Sinke, J., De Vries, T.J., Van Der Zwaag, S.: Property optimization in fibre metal laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater. 11, 63–76 (2004)
Sinke, J.: Development of fibre metal laminates: concurrent multi-scale modeling and testing. J. Mater. Sci. 41, 6777–6788 (2006)
Vogelesang, L.B., Vlot, A.: Development of fibre metal laminates for advanced aerospace structures. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 103, 1–5 (2000)
Gunnink, J.W., Vlot, A., De Vries, T.J., Van Der Hoeven, W.: Glare technology development 1997–2000. Appl. Compos. Mater. 9, 201–219 (2002)
Sadighi, M., Alderliesten, R.C., Benedictus, R.: Impact resistance of fiber-metal laminates: a review. Int. J. Impact Eng. 49, 77–90 (2012)
Vermeeren, C.: An historic overview of the development of fiber metal laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater. 10, 189–200 (2003)
Moussavi-Torshizi, S.E., Dariushi, S., Sadighi, M., Safarpour, P.: A study on tensile properties of a novel fiber/metal laminates. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 4920–4925 (2010)
Soltani, P., Keikhosravy, M., Oskouei, R.H., Soutis, C.: Studying the tensile behaviour of glare laminates: a finite element modelling approach. Appl. Compos. Mater. 18, 271–282 (2011)
Reyes, V.G., Cantwell, W.L.: The high velocity impact response of composite and FML-reinforced sandwich structures. Compos. Sci. Technol. 64, 35–54 (2004)
Reyes, G.: Mechanical behavior of thermoplastic FML-reinforced sandwich panels using an aluminum foam core: experiments and modeling. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 12, 81–96 (2010)
Tan, C.Y., Akil, H.M.: Impact response of fiber metal laminate sandwich composite structure with polypropylene honeycomb core. Compos. B. Eng. 43, 1433–1438 (2012)
Khalili, S.M.R., Assar, M., Eslami Farsani, R., Hajiyousefi, I.: Numerical study on impact response on aircraft sandwich wing made of Fiber-Metal Laminate face sheets subjected to bird strike. Adv. Mater. Res. 488–489, 8–13 (2012)
Kuang, K.S.C., Zhang, L., Cantwell, W.J., Bennion, I.: Process monitoring of aluminum-foam sandwich structures based on thermoplastic fibre-metal laminates using fibre Bragg gratings. Compos. Sci. Technol. 65, 669–676 (2005)
Steeves, C.A., Fleck, N.A.: Collapse mechanisms of sandwich beams with composite faces and a foam core, loaded three-point bending. Part I: analytical models and minimum weight design. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46, 561–583 (2004)
Steeves, C.A., Fleck, N.A.: Collapse mechanisms of sandwich beams with composite faces and a foam core, loaded in three-point bending. Part II: experimental investigation and numerical modelling. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46, 583–608 (2004)
Dai, J., Hahn, H.T.: Flexural behavior of sandwich beams fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Compos. Struct. 61, 247–253 (2003)
Bezazi, A., El Mahi, A., Berthelot, J.-M., Bezzazi, B.: Experimental analysis of behavior and damage of sandwich composite materials in three-point bending. Part 1. Static tests and stiffness degradation at failure studies. Strength Mater. 39(No. 2), 170–177 (2007)
Manalo, A.C., Aravinthan, T., Karunasena, W., Islam, M.M.: Flexural behaviour of structural fibre composite sandwich beams in flatwise and edgewise positions. Compos. Struct. 92, 984–995 (2010)
Tagarielli, V.L., Fleck, N.A., Deshpande, V.S.: Collapse of clamped and simply supported composite sandwich beams in three-point bending. Compos. B. Eng. 35, 523–534 (2004)
Mamalis, A.G., Spentzas, K.N., Pantelelis, N.G., Manolakos, D.E., Ioannidis, M.B.: A new hybrid concept for sandwich structures. Compos. Struct. 83, 335–340 (2008)
Gibson, L.J., Ashby, M.F.: Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties. Cambridge University Press, New York (1997)
Verdejo, R., Mills, N.: Heel shoe interactions and the durability of EVA foam running shoe midsoles. J. Biomech. 37, 1379–1386 (2004)
Timoshenko, S.P., Goodier, J.N.: Theory of Elasticity. McGraw-Hill, New York (1970)