Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases during the life-cycles of staple food production in China and their mitigation potential

Banger, 2012, Do nitrogen fertilizers stimulate or inhibit methane emissions from rice fields?, Glob. Chang. Biol., 18, 3259, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02762.x Breiling, 1999, 32 Chen, 2014, Producing more grain with lower environmental costs, Nature, 514, 486, 10.1038/nature13609 Cheng, 2014, Carbon footprint of crop production in China: an analysis of national statistics data, J. Agric. Sci., 153, 422, 10.1017/S0021859614000665 Cui, 2013, Closing the yield gap could reduce projected greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of maize production in China, Glob. Chang. Biol., 19, 2467, 10.1111/gcb.12213 Cui, 2013, In-season root-zone N management for mitigating greenhouse gas emission and reactive N losses in intensive wheat production, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6015, 10.1021/es4003026 Erisman, 2011, Reactive nitrogen in the environment and its effect on climate change, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 3, 281, 10.1016/j.cosust.2011.08.012 Galloway, 2008, Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions, Science, 320, 889, 10.1126/science.1136674 Galloway, 2014, Nitrogen footprints: past, present and future, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 115003, 10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115003 Gan, 2012, Carbon footprint of spring wheat in response to fallow frequency and soil carbon changes over 25years on the semiarid Canadian prairie, Eur. J. Agron., 43, 175, 10.1016/j.eja.2012.07.004 Grassini, 2013, Distinguishing between yield advances and yield plateaus in historical crop production trends, Nat. Commun., 4, 10.1038/ncomms3918 Gu, 2012, Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China: sources, recent trends, and damage costs, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9420, 10.1021/es301446g Huang, 2006, Changes in topsoil organic carbon of croplands in mainland China over the last two decades, Chin. Sci. Bull., 51, 1785, 10.1007/s11434-006-2056-6 Huang, 2010, An estimate of greenhouse gas (N2O and CO2) mitigation potential under various scenarios of nitrogen use efficiency in Chinese croplands, Glob. Chang. Biol., 16, 2958 Jayasundara, 2014, Energy and greenhouse gas intensity of corn (Zea mays L.) production in Ontario: A regional assessment, Can. J. Soil Sci., 94, 77, 10.4141/cjss2013-044 Ju, 2009, Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106, 3041, 10.1073/pnas.0813417106 Lam, 2013, The potential for carbon sequestration in Australian agricultural soils is technically and economically limited, Sci. Rep., 3, 10.1038/srep02179 Leach, 2012, A nitrogen footprint model to help consumers understand their role in nitrogen losses to the environment, Environ. Dev., 1, 40, 10.1016/j.envdev.2011.12.005 Ma, 2013, Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity of annual rice–wheat rotations with integrated soil–crop system management, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 164, 209, 10.1016/j.agee.2012.11.003 Ray, 2012, Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation, Nat. Commun., 3, 1293, 10.1038/ncomms2296 Shen, 2013, Transforming agriculture in China: from solely high yield to both high yield and high resource use efficiency, Glob. Food Secur., 2, 1, 10.1016/j.gfs.2012.12.004 Tilman, 2011, Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108, 20,260, 10.1073/pnas.1116437108 Van Grinsven, 2013, Costs and benefits of nitrogen for Europe and implications for mitigation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3571, 10.1021/es303804g Wang, 2014, Greenhouse gas intensity of three main crops and implications for low-carbon agriculture in China, Clim. Chang., 128, 57, 10.1007/s10584-014-1289-7 Wang, 2014, Greenhouse gas mitigation in Chinese agriculture: distinguishing technical and economic potentials, Glob. Environ. Chang., 26, 53, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.008 Weller, 2016, Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of traditional and diversified tropical rice rotation systems, Glob. Change Boil., 22, 432, 10.1111/gcb.13099 Xia, 2011, Life-cycle evaluation of nitrogen-use in rice-farming systems: implications for economically-optimal nitrogen rates, Biogeosciences, 8, 3159, 10.5194/bg-8-3159-2011 Xia, 2012, Ecologically optimal nitrogen application rates for rice cropping in the Taihu Lake region of China, Sustain. Sci., 7, 33, 10.1007/s11625-011-0144-2 Xia, 2014, Effects of long-term straw incorporation on the net global warming potential and the net economic benefit in a rice–wheat cropping system in China, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 197, 118, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.08.001 Yan, 2009, Global estimations of the inventory and mitigation potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation conducted using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 23 Yan, 2014, Fertilizer nitrogen recovery efficiencies in crop production systems of China with and without consideration of the residual effect of nitrogen, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 095,002, 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/095002 Yan, 2015, Carbon footprint of grain crop production in China – based on farm survey data, J. Clean. Prod., 104, 130, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.058 Zhang, 2012, Integrated nutrient management for food security and environmental quality in China, Adv. Agron., 116, 1, 10.1016/B978-0-12-394277-7.00001-4 Zhang, 2013, New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110, 8375, 10.1073/pnas.1210447110 Zhao, 2015, Mitigating gaseous nitrogen emissions intensity from a Chinese rice cropping system through an improved management practice aimed to close the yield gap, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 203, 36, 10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014 Zou, 2005, A 3-year field measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in China: Effects of water regime, crop residue, and fertilizer application, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, 10.1029/2004GB002401