RETRACTED: Combination of carvacrol and rosiglitazone ameliorates high fat diet induced changes in lipids and inflammatory markers in C57BL/6J mice

Peiris, 1989, Adiposity, fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk, Ann. Intern. Med., 867, 10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-867 Bjorntorp, 1991, Metabolic implications of body fat distribution, Diabetes Care, 14, 1132, 10.2337/diacare.14.12.1132 Kissebah, 1991, Insulin resistance in visceral obesity, Int. J. Obes., 15, 109 Miller, 2002, Glycemic index of 3 varieties of dates, Saudi Med. J., 23, 536 Mu, 2006, Chronic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with a sitagliptin analog preserves pancreatic beta-cell mass and function in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 55, 1695, 10.2337/db05-1602 Posner, 1991, Dietary lipid predictors of coronary heart disease in men. The Framingham study, Arch. Intern. Med., 151, 1181, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400060105018 Law, 1999, Lowering heart disease risk with cholesterol reduction: evidence from observational studies and clinical trials, Eur. Heart J., 1, 3 Castelli, 1992, Lipid risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham study, Ann. Epidemiol., 2, 23, 10.1016/1047-2797(92)90033-M Wilding, 2003, Obesity and nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 21.1 Das, 2001, Is obesity an inflammatory condition?, Nutrition, 17, 953, 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00672-4 Yudkin, 1999, C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endo-thelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 19, 972, 10.1161/01.ATV.19.4.972 Hu, 2003, Is type 2 diabetes mellitus a vascular condition?, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 23, 1715, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000094360.38911.71 Hotamisligil, 1995, Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance, J. Clin. Invest, 95, 2409, 10.1172/JCI117936 Caballero, 1999, Microvascular and macrovascular reactivity is reduced in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 48, 1856, 10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1856 Re, 1999, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26, 1231, 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3 Velioglu, 1998, Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 4113, 10.1021/jf9801973 Kirimer, 1995, Carvacrol rich plants in Turkey, Chem. Nat. Compd., 31, 37, 10.1007/BF01167568 Lagouri, 1993, Composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils from oregano plants grown wild in Greece, Z. Leb. Unter. Und. Fors., 197, 20, 10.1007/BF01202694 Berger, 2005, PPARs: therapeutic targets for metabolic disease, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 26, 244, 10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.003 Shelef, 1983, Antimicrobial effects of spices, J. Food Saf., 6, 29, 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1984.tb00477.x Evangelou, 1997, Dose-related preventive and therapeutic effects of antioxidants anticarcinogenesis on experimentally induced malignant tumor in Wistar rats, Cancer Lett., 115, 105, 10.1016/S0304-3835(97)04712-5 Aristatile, 2009, Effect of carvacrol on hepatic marker enzymes and antioxidant status in d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 23, 757, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00721.x Guerre-Millo, 2000, Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16638, 10.1074/jbc.275.22.16638 Nissen, 2007, Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes, N. Engl. J. Med., 356, 2457, 10.1056/NEJMoa072761 Home, 2009, Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabete (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial, Lancet, 373, 2125, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60953-3 Singh, 2007, Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis, JAMA, 298, 1189, 10.1001/jama.298.10.1189 Folch, 1957, A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5 Allain, 1974, Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol, Clin. Chem., 20, 470, 10.1093/clinchem/20.4.470 McGowan, 1983, A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides, Clin. Chem., 29, 538, 10.1093/clinchem/29.3.538 Falholt, 1973, An easy colorimetric method for routine determination of free fatty acid in plasma, Clin. Chim. Acta, 46, 105, 10.1016/0009-8981(73)90016-8 Zilversmit, 1950, Micro determination of plasma phospholipids by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 35, 155 Izzo, 1981, Improved method for determination of high density lipoprotein cholesterol I. Isolation of high density lipoproteins by use of polyethylene glycol 6000, Clin. Chem., 27, 371, 10.1093/clinchem/27.3.371 Friedewald, 1972, Estimation of VLDL-cholesterol in the plasma without the use of preparative ultracentrifuge, Clin. Chem., 18, 449, 10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 Biddinger, 2006, From mice to men: insights into the insulin resistance syndromes, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 68, 123, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.124723 Saltiel, 2001, Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, Nature, 414, 799, 10.1038/414799a Taskinen, 1995, Insulin resistance and lipoprotein metabolism, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 6, 153, 10.1097/00041433-199506000-00007 Brown, 1983, Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 52, 223, 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001255 Bopanna, 1997, Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of neem seed kernel powder on alloxan diabetic rabbits, Indian. J. Pharmacol., 29, 162 Agardh, 1999, The effect of tolbutamide on lipoproteins, and lipoproteinlipase and hormone sensitive lipase, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 46, 99, 10.1016/S0168-8227(99)00088-1 Seifter, 1982, Energy metabolism, 219 Brixova, 1981, Experimental and clinical liver steatosis, Folia Fachz. Med. Univ. Comenianae Bratisl., 19, 9 Moller, 2001, New drug targets for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, Nature, 414, 821, 10.1038/414821a Lehto, 1997, Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia predict coronary heart disease events in middle aged patients with NIDDM, Diabetes, 46, 1354, 10.2337/diab.46.8.1354 Frayn, 1993, Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 4, 197, 10.1097/00041433-199306000-00004 Kimmelsteil, 1936, Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 12, 83 Guijarro, 1995, Early glomerular changes in rats with dietary induced hypercholesterolemia, Am. J. Kidney Dis., 26, 152, 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90169-8 Raju, 2001, Trigonellafoenum graecum seed powder improves glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rat tissues by reversing the altered glycolytic, gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 224, 45, 10.1023/A:1011974630828 Kelly, 1992, Molecular basis of inherited mediumchain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency causing sudden child death, J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 15, 171, 10.1007/BF01799626 Gregor, 2011, Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 29, 415, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322 Clowes, 1978, Blood insulin responses to blood glucose levels in high output sepsis and septic shock, Am. J. Surg., 135, 577, 10.1016/0002-9610(78)90040-5 Hotamisligil, 1993, Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance, Science, 259, 87, 10.1126/science.7678183 Borst, 2004, The role of TNF-alpha in insulin resistance, Endocrine, 23, 177, 10.1385/ENDO:23:2-3:177 Hotamisligil, 1994, Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes. Central role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, J. Clin. Invest, 94, 1543, 10.1172/JCI117495 Senn, 2003, Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a potential mediator of interleukin-6-dependent insulin resistance in hepatocytes, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 13740, 10.1074/jbc.M210689200 Klover, 2003, Chronic exposure to interleukin-6 causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice, Diabetes, 52, 2784, 10.2337/diabetes.52.11.2784 Yamada, 1998, Analysis of liver regeneration in mice lacking type 1 or type 2 tumor necrosis factor receptor: requirement for type 1 but not type 2 receptor, Hepatology, 28, 959, 10.1002/hep.510280410